239
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Forgotten Caravan Towns in 19th Century Tanzania: Mbwamaji and Mpwapwa

Pages 1-25 | Published online: 29 Jul 2009

References

  • Ambler , Charles H. 1988 . Kenyan Communities in the Age of Imperialism. New Haven and London : Yale University Press .
  • Anthony , David . 1980 . Culture and Society in a Town in Transition: A Peoples' History of Dar es Salaam 1865–1939. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
  • Arning , Wilhelm . 1942 . Deutsch Ostafrika gestern und heute. Berlin : D. Reimer .
  • Ashe , Robert Pickering. 1971 . Chronicles of Uganda. London : Frank Cass .
  • Association Internationale Africaine . 1879 . Rapports sur les marches de la Première Expédition. Bruxelles-Etterbeeck : Verhavert .
  • Beachey , R. W. 1962 . ‘The Arms Trade in East Africa in the Late Nineteenth Century’ . Journal of African History , 3 : 451 – 67 .
  • Beardall , William . 1881 . ‘Exploration of the Rufiji River Under the Orders of the Sultan of Zanzibar’ . Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society , 3 : 641 – 56 . New Series
  • Becher , Jürgen. 1997 . Dar es Salaam, Tanga und Tabora: Stadtenwicklung in Tansania unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft. Stuttgart
  • Beidelman , T. O. 1962 . ‘A History of Ukaguru: 1857–1916’ . Tanganyika Notes and Records , 58/59 : 10 – 39 .
  • Bennett , Norman R. 1971 . Mirambo of Tanzania 1840?-1884. New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Bennett , Norman R. 1986 . Arab Versus European: Diplomacy and War in Nineteenth-Century East Central Africa. New York and London : African Publishing Corporation .
  • Bontinck , François , ed. 1974 . L'autobiographic de Hamed ben Mohammed el-Murjebi Tippo Tip (ca. 1840–1905 Bruxelles : Academie royale des sciences d'outre-mer .
  • Brennan , James . 2002 . Nation, Race and Urbanization in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1916–1976. Ph.D. Thesis, Northwestern University
  • Brown , Beverly . 1971 . ‘Muslim Influence on Trade and Politics in the Lake Tanganyika Region’ . African Historical Studies , 4 : 617 – 29 .
  • Brown , Beverly Bolser. 1973 . Ujiji: The History of a Lakeside Town, c.1800–1914. Ph.D. Dissertation, Boston University
  • Brown , Walter Thaddeus. 1970 . ‘Bagamoyo. An Historical Introduction’ . Tanzania Notes and Records , 71 : 69 – 83 .
  • Brown , Walter Thaddeus. 1971 . A Pre-Colonial History of Bagamoyo: Aspects of the Growth of an East African Coastal Town. Ph.D. Dissertation, Boston University
  • Brown , Walter and Beverly. 1976 . “ ‘East African Towns: A Shared Growth’ ” . In A Century of Change in East Africa. Edited by: Arens , W. 183 – 200 . Geneva : Mouton .
  • Burton , Andrew . 2000 . Wahuni: African Urbanisation, Crime and Colonial Order in Dar es Salaam, 1919–61. Ph.D. Thesis, SOAS
  • Burton , Andrew , ed. 2002 . The Urban Experience in Eastern Africa, c.1750–2000. Nairobi : BIEA .
  • Burton , Richard F. [1851] 1973 . Sindh and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus. London : W.H. Allen .
  • Burton , Richard F. 1859 . ‘The Lake Regions of Central Equatorial Africa’ . Journal of the Royal Geographical Society , 29 : 1 – 464 .
  • Burton , Richard F. [1860] 1971 . The Lake Regions of Central Africa. New York : Harper, St. Clair Shores; Michigan Scholarly Press .
  • Burton , Richard F. 1872 . Zanzibar, City, Island, and Coast Vol. 2 , London : Tinsley Brothers .
  • Cameron , Verney Lovett. 1877 . Across Africa Vol. 1 , London : Daldy, Isbister .
  • Carnell , W. J. 1955 . ‘Sympathetic Magic Among the Gogo of Mpwapwa District’ . Tanganyika Notes and Records , 39 : 25 – 38 .
  • Casati , Gaetano . 1969 [1891] . Ten Years in Equatoria and the Return with Emin Pasha Edited by: Clay , J. R. New York
  • Chittick , Neville . 1969 . ‘The Mosque at Mbuamaji and the Nabahani’ . Azania , 4 : 159 – 60 .
  • Cooley , W. D. 1845 . ‘Geography of N'yassi’ . Journal of the Royal Geographical Society , 15 : 185 – 235 .
  • Coquery-Vidrovitch , Catherine. 1991 . ‘The Process of Urbanization in Africa (From the Origins to the Beginning of Independence)’ . African Studies Review , 34 : 1 – 98 .
  • Coquery-Vidrovitch , Catherine. 2005 . The History of African Cities South of the Sahara: From the Origins to Colonization. Princeton NJ : Markus Wiener Publishers .
  • Decle , Lionel . 1898 . Three Years in Savage Africa. London : Methuen .
  • Elton , J. Frederick . [1879] 1968 . Travels and Researches among the Lakes and Mountains of Eastern and Central Africa Edited by: Cotterill , H. B. London : Frank Cass .
  • Erhardt , James . 1855–6 . ‘Reports Respecting Central Africa, as Collected in Mambara and on the East Coast, with a New Map of the Country’ . Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society , I : 8 – 10 .
  • Freeman-Grenville , G. S.P. 1963 . “ ‘The Coast, 1498–1840’ ” . In History of East Africa Edited by: Roland , Oliver and Gervase , Mathew . Vol. 1 , 129 – 68 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Gilbert , Eric . 2004 . Dhows and the Colonial Economy of Zanzibar, 1860–1970. Oxford : James Currey .
  • Gilbert , Eric . 1998 . ‘The Mtepe: Regional Trade and the Late Survival of Sewn Ships in East African Waters’ . The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology , 27 : 43 – 50 .
  • Glassman , Jonathon . 1988 . Social Rebellion and Swahili Culture: the Response to German Conquest of the Northern Mrima. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin
  • Glassman , Jonathon . 1995 . Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856–1888. Portsmouth NH : Heinemann .
  • Gray , John . 1962 . History of Zanzibar from the Middle Ages to 1856. London : Oxford University Press .
  • Gray , John . 1963 . “Zanzibar and the Coastal Belt, 1840–84” . In History of East Africa. Edited by: Oliver , Roland and Mathew , Gervase . Vol. 1 , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Guillain , Charles . 1856 . Documents sur l'histoire, la géographie et le commerce de l'Afrique orientale Vol. 2 , Paris
  • bin Muhammed , Hamid and Tip , Tippu . 1974 . Maisha ya Hamed bin Muhammed el Murjebi yaani Tippu Tip. Edited by: Whiteley , W. H. Nairobi, Kampala, Dar es Salaam : East Africa Literature Bureau . ). (trans. and)
  • Holmes , C. F. 1969 . A History of the Bakwimba of Usukuma, Tanzania, from Earliest Times to 1945. Ph.D. Dissertation, Boston University
  • Hore , Annie . 1886 . To Lake Tanganyika in a Bath Chair. London
  • Horne , David Lawrence. 1984 . Mode of Production in the Social and Economic History of Kilwa to 1884. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles
  • Horton , Mark and Middleton , John . 2000 . The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Society. Oxford, Malden MA : Blackwell .
  • Hull , R. W. 1976 . African Cities and Towns before the European Conquest. New York : W.W. Norton .
  • Iliffe , John . 1969 . “ ‘The Age of Improvement and Differentiation (1907–45)’ ” . In A History of Tanzania. Edited by: Kimambo , I. N. and Temu , A. J. 123 – 60 . Nairobi : East African Publishing House .
  • Johnston , Keith . 1879 . ‘Native Routes in East Africa from Dar es Salaam towards Lake Nyassa’ . Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society , 1 : 417 – 22 . (New Series)
  • Kabeya , J. B. 1976 . King Mirambo. Nairobi : East African Publishing House .
  • Kalinga , Owen J. M. 1984 . “ ‘The Balowoka and the Establishment of States West of Lake Malawi’ ” . In State Formation in Eastern Africa. Edited by: Idha Salim , Ahmed . 36 – 52 . Nairobi : Heinemann .
  • Kjekshus , Helge . 1977 . Ecology Control and Economic Development in East African History. London : Heinemann .
  • Konczacki , Janina M , ed. 1994 . Victorian Explorer: The African Diaries of Captain William G. Stairs 1887–1892. Halifax NS : Nimbus .
  • Koponen , Juhani . 1988 . People and Production in Late Precolonial Tanzania: History and Structures. Jyväskylä : Finnish Society for Development Studies .
  • Kopytoff , Igor . 1987 . “ ‘The Internal African Frontier: The Making of African Political Culture’ ” . In The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies. Edited by: Kopytoff , Igor . 3 – 84 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
  • Langheld , Wilhelm . 1909 . Zwanzig Jahre in Deutschen Kolonien. Berlin
  • Larson , L. E. 1977 . ‘A History of the Mbunga Confederacy ca. 1860–1907’ . Tanzania Notes and Records , 81/82 : 35 – 42 .
  • Livingstone , David . 1875 . The Last Journals of David Livingstone Edited by: Waller , H. New York : Harper .
  • Lloyd , A. B. 1900 . In Dwarf Land and Cannibal Country. London
  • Lucas , Stephen A , ed. 1974–6 . Utani Relationships in Tanzania, six volumes Dar es Salaam : University of Dar es Salaam .
  • Luck , Anne . 1972 . Charles Stokes in Africa. Nairobi : East African Publishing House .
  • MacQueen , James . 1845 . ‘Visit of Lief Ben Saeid to the Great African Lake’ . Journal of the Royal Geographical Society , 15 : 371 – 4 .
  • Moloney , J. A. 1893 . With Captain Stairs to Katanga. London
  • Mounteney Jephson , A. J. 1969 . The Diary of A.J. Mounteney Jephson: Emin Pasha Relief Expedition 1887–1889 Edited by: Middleton , Dorothy . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nicholls , C. S. 1971 . The Swahili Coast: Politics, Diplomacy and Trade on the East African Littoral 1798–1856. New York : Africana Publishing Corporation .
  • Pearson , Michael N. 1998 . Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the Early Modern Era. Baltimore and London : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Peters , Carl . 1891 . New Light on Dark Africa (translated by H.W. Dulcken) London
  • Price , Roger . 1876 . Report of the Rev. R. Price of his Visit to Zanzibar and the Coast of Eastern Africa. London
  • Pruen , S. T. [1891] 1986 . The Arab and the African. London
  • Renault , Francois . 1987 . Tippu Tip. Un potentat arabe in Afrique Centrale au xixème siècle. Paris : Société françois d'histoire d'entre-mer .
  • Rigby , Peter . 1969 . Cattle and Kinship Among the Gogo. Ithica and London : Cornell University Press .
  • Rockel , Stephen J. 1997 . Caravan Porters of the Nyika: Labour, Culture and Society in Nineteenth Century Tanzania. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto
  • Rockel , Stephen J. 2006 . Carriers of Culture: Labor on the Road in Nineteenth Century East Africa. Portsmouth CT : Heinemann .
  • Rockel , Stephen J . Safari The East African Caravan System in the Nineteenth Century n.d. unpublished manuscript
  • Ross , Robert . 1986 . ‘The Dutch on the Swahili Coast, 1776–1778: Two Slaving Journals’ . International Journal of African Historical Studies , 19 : 305 – 60 .
  • Schmidt , Rochus . 1892 . Geschichte des Araber-Aufstandes in Ost-Afrika. Frankfurt
  • Sheriff , Abdul . 1987 . Slaves, Spices and Ivory in Zanzibar: Integration of an East African Commercial Empire into the World Economy 1770–1873. London : James Currey .
  • Shorter , Aylward . 1972 . Chiefship in Western Tanzania: A Political History of the Kimbu. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Sissons , Carol Jane. 1984 . Economic Prosperity in Ugogo, East Africa, 1860–1890. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto
  • Smith , Edwin W. 1955 . ‘The Earliest Ox-wagons in Tanganyika—An Experiment Which Failed’ . Tanganyika Notes and Records , 40 : 1 – 14 .
  • Speke , John Hanning. 1864 . Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile. New York : Harper .
  • Stairs , William G. 1893 . ‘De Zanzibar au Katanga: journal de Capitaine Stairs (1890–1891)’ . Le Congo illustré , 2 : 5 – 7 . 13–15, 21–23, 29–31, etc
  • Stanley , Henry M. [1899] 1988 . Through the Dark Continent. Toronto, London : Dover Publications .
  • Stanley , Henry M . 1872 . How I Found Livingstone. London : Sampson Low, Marston .
  • Stanley , R. and Neame , A. , eds. 1961 . The Exploration Diaries of H.M. Stanley. London : W. Kimber .
  • Stuhlmann , Franz . 1894 . Mit Emin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika. Berlin : D. Reimer .
  • Sutton , J. E.G. 1970 . ‘Dar es Salaam. A Sketch of a Hundred Years’ . Tanzania Notes and Records , 71 : 1 – 19 .
  • Unomah , Alfred C. 1977 . Mirambo of Tanzania. London, Nairobi, Ibadan, Lusaka : Heinemann .
  • Fathers , White . 1884 . A l'assaut des pays nègres: journal des Missionaries D'Alger dans L'Afrique Équatoriale. Paris
  • Willis , Justin . 2002 . Potent Brews: A Social History of Alcohol in East Africa, 1850–1999. Oxford and Nairobi : James Currey and BIEA .
  • Wolf , James B , ed. 1976 . The Central African Diaries of Walter Hutley 1877–1881. Boston : Boston University, African Studies Centre .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.