655
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Holocene hunter-fisher-gatherer communities: new perspectives on Kansyore Using communities of Western Kenya

&
Pages 24-48 | Published online: 23 Apr 2010

References

  • Aikens , C.M. and Akazawa , T. 1996 . “ The Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Japan and adjacent Northeast Asia ” . In Humans at the end of the Ice Age: The archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition , Edited by: Straus , L.G. , Eriksen , B.V. , Erlandson , J.M. and Yesner , D.R. 215 – 227 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Ambrose , S. 1984a . Holocene Environments and Human Adaptation in the Central Rift Valley, Kenya , Berkeley : PhD Diss, University of California Press .
  • Ambrose S. 1984b The Introduction of Pastoral Adaptations to the Highlands of East Africa From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa J.D. Clark Brandt S.A. 212 239 Berkeley University of California Press
  • Arkell , A.J. 1949 . Early Khartoum , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Ashley C.Z. 2005 Ceramic variability and change: A perspective from Great Lakes Africa PhD diss. Institute of Archaeology, University College London
  • Bailey , G.N. 1983 . Hunter-gatherer economy in prehistory , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Barich , B.E. 1987 . Archaeology and environment in the Libyan Sahara: The excavations in the Tadrart Acacus 1978–1983 , Oxford : British Archaeological Reports International Series 368 .
  • Barich , B.E. 1998a . People, water, and grain: The beginnings of domestication in the Sahara and the Nile Valley , Rome : L'Erma, di Bretschneider .
  • Barich , B.E. 1998b . “ Social variability among Holocene Saharan groups ” . In Gender in African prehistory , Edited by: Kent , S. 105 – 114 . Walnut Creek : AltaMira Press .
  • Binford , L.R. 2001 . Constructing frames of reference , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Blackburn , R. 1982 . “ In the land of milk and honey: Okiek adaptations to their forests and neighbours ” . In Politics and history in band societies , Edited by: Leacock , E.B. and Lee , R.B. 283 – 305 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Bower , J. 1973 . Seronera: Excavations at a stone bowl site in the Serengeti National Park . Azania , 8 : 78 – 104 .
  • Bower , J. and Nelson , C.M. 1978 . Early pottery and pastoral cultures of the central Rift Valley, Kenya . Man , 13 : 554 – 566 .
  • Bower , J. , Nelson , C.M. , Wibel , A.F. and Wandibba , S. 1977 . ‘The University of Massachusetts’ Later Stone Age/Pastoral Neolithic comparative study in central Kenya: An overview . Azania , 12 : 119 – 146 .
  • Brachi , R.M. 1960 . Excavation of a rock-shelter at Hippo Bay, Entebbe . Uganda Journal , 24 : 62 – 70 .
  • Caneva I. 1987 Pottery decoration in prehistoric Sahara and Upper Nile: A new perspective In: Archaeology and environment in the Libyan Sahara B.E. Barich 9 23 254 Oxford British Archaeological Reports International Series 368
  • Caneva , I. 1988 . El Geili: The history of a middle Nile environment 7000 B.C.–A.D. 1500 , Oxford : British Archaeological Reports International Series 424 .
  • Chapman , S. 1967 . Kantsyore island . Azania , 2 : 165 – 191 .
  • Close , A.E. 1995 . “ Few and far between: Early ceramics in North Africa ” . In The emergence of pottery: Technology and innovation in ancient societies , Edited by: Barnett , W.K. and Hoopes , J.W. 23 – 37 . Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press .
  • Collett , D.P. and Robertshaw , P.T. 1980 . Early Iron Age and Kansyore pottery finds from Gogo Falls, South Nyanza . Azania , 15 : 133 – 145 .
  • Dale , D. 2000 . Recent archaeological investigation of Kansyore sites in Western Kenya . Azania , 35 : 204 – 207 .
  • Dale , D. 2007 . An archaeological investigation of the Kansyore, Later Stone Age hunter-gatherers in East Africa , PhD diss. Washington University in Saint Louis .
  • Dale D. F. Marshall T. Pilgram 2004 Delayed-return hunter-gatherers in Africa? Historic perspectives from the Okiek and archaeological perspectives from the Kansyore In: Hunters and gatherers in theory and archaeology G.M. Crothers Center for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper No. 31 15 340 375 Carbondale Southern Illinois University
  • Gabel , C. 1969 . Six rock shelters on the Northern Kavirondo shore of Lake Victoria . African Historical Studies , 2 : 205 – 254 .
  • Gamble C. 1986 The Mesolithic sandwich: Ecological approaches and the archaeological record of the early postglacial In: Hunters in transition: Mesolithic societies of temperate Eurasia and their transition to farming M. Zvelebil 33 42 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
  • Garcea E.A.A. 2001 Uan Tabu: In the settlement history of the Libyan Sahara Arid Zone Archaeology Monographs 2. Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio
  • Gramly , R.M. 1979 . Upper Pleistocene archaeological occurrences at GvJm 22, Lukenya Hill, Kenya . Man , 11 : 319 – 344 .
  • Haaland , R. 1995 . Sedentism, cultivation, and plant domestication in the Holocene Middle Nile Region . Journal of Field Archaeology , 22 : 157 – 174 .
  • Harvey P. 2005 Transitions on the shore of Lake Victoria: A faunal analysis of Wadh Lango MA diss. Institute of Archaeology, University College London
  • Jerardino , A. 1996 . Changing social landscapes of the Western Cape coast of Southern Africa over the last 4500 years , PhD diss, University of Cape Town .
  • Kaner , S. 2002 . Contexts for Jomon pottery . Orientations , 33 ( 2 ) : 35 – 40 .
  • Karega-Munene 1993a Neolithic/Iron Age subsistence economies in the Lake Victoria Basin of East Africa PhD diss. University of Cambridge
  • Karega-Munene . 1993b . Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry data list 16 . Archaeometry , 35 : 147 – 167 .
  • Karega-Munene . 2003 . “ The East African neolithic: A historical perspective ” . In East African archaeology: Foragers, potters, smiths, and traders , Edited by: Kusimba , C.M. and Kusimba , S.B. 17 – 32 . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology .
  • Keding , B. 1993 . “ Leiterband sites in the Wadi Howar, North Sudan ” . In Environmental change and human culture in the Nile Basin and Northern Africa until the second millennium B.C , Edited by: Krzyzaniak , L. , Kobusiewicz , M. and Alexander , J. 371 – 380 . Poznán : Polish Academy of Sciences .
  • Keding , B. 1998 . The Yellow Nile: New data on settlement and the environment in the Sudanese Eastern Sahara . Sudan and Nubia , 2 : 2 – 12 .
  • Keding B. 2000 New data on the Holocene occupation of the Wadi Howar region (Eastern Sahara/Sudan) Studies in African Archaeology 7 Poznán Archaeological Museum, Poznán. 89 104
  • Kratz , C. 1989 . “ Okiek ” . In Kenyan pots and potters , Edited by: Barbour , J. and Wandibba , S. 64 – 74 . Nairobi : Oxford University Press .
  • Lane , P.J. 2004 . The ‘moving frontier’ and the transition to food production in Kenya . Azania , 39 : 243 – 264 .
  • Lane , P. , Ashley , C. and Oteyo , G. 2006 . New dates for Kansyore and Urewe wares from Northern Nyanza, Kenya . Azania , 41 : 123 – 138 .
  • Lane , P. , Ashley , C. , Seitsonen , O. , Harvey , P. , Mire , S. and Odede , F. 2007 . The transition to farming in Eastern Africa: New faunal and dating evidence from Wadh Lang'o and Usenge, Kenya . Antiquity , 81 : 62 – 81 .
  • Leakey , L.S.B. 1931 . The Stone Age cultures of Kenya colony , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Leakey , L.S.B. 1936 . Stone Age Africa , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • MacLean , R. 1996 . “ Socio-political developments in the early Iron Age of the interlacustrine region ” . In Aspects of African archaeology , Edited by: Pwiti , G. and Soper , R. 497 – 504 . Harare : University of Zimbabwe Press .
  • Marean , C. 1992 . Hunter to herder: Large mammal remains from the hunter-gatherer occupation at Enkapune ya Muto rock-shelter, Central Rift, Kenya . African Archaeological Review , 10 : 65 – 128 .
  • Marean , C. , Mudida , N. and Reed , K.E. 1994 . Holocene paleoenvironmental change in the Kenyan central rift as indicated by micromammals from Enkapune ya Muto rockshelter . Quaternary Research , 41 : 376 – 389 .
  • Marks A.E. A. Mohammed-Ali 1991 The late prehistory of the Eastern Sahel: The Mesolithic and Neolithic of Shaqadud, Sudan Dallas Southern Methodist University Press
  • Marquardt , W.H. 1986 . The development of cultural complexity in southwest Florida: Elements of a critique . Southeastern Archaeology , 5 : 63 – 70 .
  • Mehlman M.J. 1989 Later Quaternary archaeological sequences in northern Tanzania PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Mosley , P.N. and Davison , S. 1992 . Ugunja: A new Kansyore (Oltome) site . Azania , 27 : 129 – 134 .
  • Onjala , I. , Kibunjia , M. , Odede , F. and Oteyo , G. 1999 . Recent archaeological investigation along the Sondu Miriu river, Kenya . Azania , 34 : 116 – 122 .
  • Owen , W.E. 1941 . The early Smithfield culture of Kavirondo (Kenya) and South Africa . Man , 41 : 115
  • Oyuela-Caycedo , A. 1996 . The study of collector variability in the transition to sedentary food producers in Northern Colombia . Journal of World Prehistory , 10 : 49 – 93 .
  • Pearce , S. and Posnansky , M. 1963 . The re-excavation of Nsongezi rock shelter, Ankole . Uganda Journal , 21 : 85 – 94 .
  • Prendergast M.E. Forager variability and transitions to food production in secondary settings: Kansyore and pastoral neolithic economies in East Africa PhD diss. Harvard University 2008
  • Prendergast , M.E. 2010 . Kansyore fisher-foragers and transitions to food production in East Africa: The view from Wadh Lang'o, Nyanza Province, Western Kenya . Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa , 45 : 83 – 111 .
  • Prendergast , M.E. and Lane , P.J. 2008 . Middle Holocene fishing strategies in East Africa: zooarchaeological analysis of Pundo, a Kansyore shell midden in northern Nyanza (Kenya) . International Journal of Osteoarchaeology , 20 : 88 – 112 .
  • Prendergast , M.E. , Luque , L. , Dominguez-Rodrigo , M. , Diez-Martin , F. , Mabulla , A.Z.P. and Barba , R. 2007 . New excavations at Mumba Rockshelter, Tanzania . Journal of African Archaeology , 5 : 217 – 244 .
  • Robbins , L. 1972 . Archaeology in the Turkana District, Kenya . Science , 176 : 359 – 366 .
  • Robbins L. 1974 The Lothagam Site: A Lath Stone Age Fishing and Pastoralist Settlement West of Lake Turkana, Kenya Michigan State University Museum of Anthropology Series 1(2)
  • Robbins L. 1984 Late Prehistoric Aquatic and Pastoral Adaptations West of Lake Turkana, Kenya. From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa J.D. Clark S.A. Brandt 206 211 Berkeley University of California Press
  • Robertshaw , P.T. 1991 . Gogo Falls: A complex site east of Lake Victoria . Azania , 26 : 63 – 195 .
  • Robertshaw , P.T. and Mawson , A. 1981 . Excavations in eastern Equatoria, Southern Sudan 1980 . Azania , 16 : 55 – 95 .
  • Robertshaw , P.T. , Collett , D. , Gifford-Gonzalez , D. and Mbae , N.B. 1983 . Shell middens on the shores of Lake Victoria . Azania , 18 : 1 – 43 .
  • Rowley-Conwy , P. 1986 . “ Between cave painters and crop planters: Aspects of the temperate European Mesolithic ” . In Hunters in transition: Mesolithic societies of temperate Eurasia and their transition to farming , Edited by: Zvelebil , M. 17 – 32 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Seitsonen , O. 2010 . Lithics use at Kansyore sites in East Africa: Technological organisation at four recently excavated sites in Nyanza Province, Kenya . Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa , 45 : 49 – 82 .
  • Soffer , O. 1989 . Storage, sedentism and the Eurasian palaeolithic record . Antiquity , 83 : 719 – 732 .
  • Soper , R.C. and Golden , B. 1969 . An archaeological survey of Mwanza region, Tanzania . Azania , 4 : 15 – 78 .
  • Stewart , K. 1991 . Appendix III: Fish remains from Gogo Falls . Azania , 26 : 179 – 180 .
  • Sutton , J. 1974 . The aquatic civilization of middle Africa . Journal of African History , 15 : 527 – 546 .
  • Sutton , J. 1977 . The African Aqualithic . Antiquity , 51 : 25 – 34 .
  • Thorp , C. 1992 . Nguru hills: Iron Age and earlier ceramics . Azania , 27 : 21 – 44 .
  • Thorp , C. 1996 . A preliminary report on evidence of interaction between hunter-gatherers and farmers along a hypothesised frontier in the eastern Free State . South African Archaeological Bulletin , 51 : 57 – 63 .
  • Wandibba , S. 1977 . An attribute analysis of the ceramics of the early pastoral period from the southern Rift Valley, Kenya , MA diss. University of Nairobi .
  • Woodburn , J. 1982 . Egalitarian societies . Man , 17 : 431 – 451 .
  • Zvelebil , M. 1986 . “ Mesolithic prelude and neolithic transition ” . In Hunters in transition Mesolithic societies of temperate Eurasia and their transition to farming , Edited by: Zvelebil , M. 5 – 15 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.