1,266
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The Still Bay points of Apollo 11 Rock Shelter, Namibia: an inter-regional perspective

&
Pages 312-340 | Received 04 Sep 2017, Accepted 21 Dec 2017, Published online: 12 Sep 2018

References

  • Archer, W., Gunz, P., van Niekerk, K.L., Henshilwood, C.S. and McPherron, S.P. 2015. “Diachronic change within the Still Bay at Blombos Cave, South Africa.” PLoS ONE 10(7): e0132428. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132428
  • Archer, W., Pop, C.M., Gunz, P. and McPherron, S.P. 2016. “What is Still Bay? Human biogeography and bifacial point variability.” Journal of Human Evolution 97: 58–72. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.007
  • Chase, B.M. and Meadows, M.E. 2007. “Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone.” Earth-Science Review 84: 103–138. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.06.002
  • Clarke, D.L. 1968. Analytical Archaeology. London: Methuen.
  • Conard, N.J., Bader, G.D., Schmid, V.C. and Will, M. 2014. “Bringing the Middle Stone Age into clearer focus.” Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 23: 121.
  • Crabtree, D.E. 1973. “Experiments in replicating Hohokam points.” TEBIWA. The Journal of the Idaho State University Museum 16: 10–45.
  • Deacon, J. 1980. “Comments on Parkington, Time and place: some observations on spatial and temporal patterning in the Later Stone Age sequence in South Africa.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 35: 89–93.
  • Dusseldorp, G., Lombard, M. and Wurz, S. 2013. “Pleistocene Homo and the updated Stone Age sequence of South Africa.” South African Journal of Science 109: 46–52. doi: 10.1590/sajs.2013/20120042
  • Feathers, J. 2015. “Luminescence dating at Diepkloof Rock Shelter — new dates from single-grain quartz.” Journal of Archaeological Science 63: 164–174. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2015.02.012
  • Fisher, L.E. 2006. “Blades and microliths: changing contexts of tool production from Magdalenian to Early Mesolithic in southern Germany.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 25: 226–238. doi: 10.1016/j.jaa.2005.09.005
  • Goodwin, A.J.H. and van Riet Lowe, C. 1929. “The Stone Age cultures of South Africa.” Annals of the South African Museum 27: 1–289.
  • Gould, S.J. 2002. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Guérin, G., Murray, A.S., Jain, M., Thomsen, K.J. and Mercier, N. 2013. “How confident are we in the chronology of the transition between Howieson's Poort and Still Bay?” Journal of Human Evolution 64: 314–317. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.006
  • Henshilwood, C.S. 2012. “Late Pleistocene techno-traditions in southern Africa: a review of the Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, c. 75-59 ka.” Journal of World Prehistory 25: 205–237. doi: 10.1007/s10963-012-9060-3
  • Hodder, I. 1982. Symbols in Action: Ethnoarchaeological Studies of Material Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Högberg, A. 2014. “Chronology, stratigraphy and spatial distribution of artefacts at Hollow Rock Shelter, Cape Province, South Africa.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 69: 142–151.
  • Högberg, A. and Larsson, L. 2011. “Lithic technology and behavioural modernity: new results from the Still Bay site, Hollow Rock Shelter, Western Cape Province, South Africa.” Journal of Human Evolution 61: 133–155. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.02.006
  • Högberg, A. and Lombard, M. 2016a. “Still Bay point-production strategies at Hollow Rock Shelter and Umhlatuzana Rock Shelter and knowledge-transfer systems in southern Africa at about 80-70 thousand years ago.” PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168012
  • Högberg, A. and Lombard, M. 2016b. “Indications of pressure flaking more than 70 thousand years ago at Umhlatuzana Rock Shelter.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 71: 53–59.
  • Jacobs, Z. and Roberts, R.G. 2015. “An improved single grain OSL chronology for the sedimentary deposits from Diepkloof Rockshelter, Western Cape, South Africa.” Journal of Archaeological Science 63: 175–192. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2015.01.023
  • Jacobs, Z. and Roberts, R.G. 2017. “Single-grain OSL chronologies for the Still Bay and Howieson's Poort industries and the transition between them: further analyses and statistical modelling.” Journal of Human Evolution 107: 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.004
  • Jacobs, Z., Roberts, R.G., Galbraith, R.F., Deacon, H.J., Grün, R., Mackay, A., Mitchell, P.J., Vogelsang, R. and Wadley, L. 2008a. “Ages for the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: implications for human behavior and dispersal.” Science 322: 733–735. doi: 10.1126/science.1162219
  • Karlin, C. and Julien, M. 1994. Prehistoric technology: a cognitive science?” In The Ancient Mind: Elements of Cognitive Archaeology, edited by A.C. Renfrew and E.B. Zubrow, 152–164. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lemonnier, P. (ed.). 1993. Technological Choices: Transformation in Material Culture Since the Neolithic. London: Routledge.
  • Lombard, M., and Phillipson, L. 2010. “Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” Antiquity 84: 635–648. doi: 10.1017/S0003598X00100134
  • Lombard, M., Wadley, L., Jacobs, Z., Mohapi, M. and Roberts, R.G. 2010. “Still Bay and serrated points from Umhlatuzana rock shelter, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” Journal of Archaeological Science 37: 1773–1784. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.02.015
  • Lombard, M., Wadley, L., Deacon, J., Wurz, S., Parsons, I., Mohapi, M., Swart, J. and Mitchell, P.J. 2012. “South African and Lesotho Stone Age sequence updated.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 67: 123–144.
  • Lombard, M., Schlebusch, C. and Soodyall, H. 2013. “Bridging disciplines to better elucidate the evolution of early Homo sapiens in southern Africa.” South African Journal of Science 109: 27–34. doi: 10.1590/sajs.2013/20130065
  • Mackay, A., Stewart, B.A. and Chase, B.M. 2014. “Coalescence and fragmentation in the late Pleistocene archaeology of southernmost Africa.” Journal of Human Evolution 72: 26–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.03.003
  • Minichillo, T.J. 2005. “Middle Stone Age lithic study, South Africa: an examination of modern human origins.” PhD diss., University of Washington.
  • Mohapi, M. 2013. “The Middle Stone Age point assemblage from Umhlatuzana Rock Shelter: a morphometric study.” Southern African Humanities 25: 25–51.
  • Mourre, V., Villa, P. and Henshilwood, C.S. 2010. “Early use of pressure flaking on lithic artifacts at Blombos Cave, South Africa.” Science 330: 659–662. doi: 10.1126/science.1195550
  • Odling-Smee, F.J., Laland, K.N. and Feldman, M.W. 2003. Niche Construction: The Neglected Process in Evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Patten R.J. 1978. “Push vs pull flaking.” Lithic Technology 7: 3–4. doi: 10.1080/01977261.1978.11754390
  • Patterson, L.W. 1998. “Raking lithic retouch.” Lithic Technology 23: 27–30. doi: 10.1080/01977261.1998.11720935
  • Porraz, G., Texier, P.-J., Archer, W., Piboule, M., Riguaud, J.-P. and Tribolo, C. 2013. “Technological successions in the Middle Stone Age sequence of Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa.” Journal of Archaeological Science 40: 3376–3400. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.02.012
  • Riede, F. 2006. “Chaîne opératoire and chaîne évolutionaire? Putting technological sequences into an evolutionary perspective.” Archaeological Review from Cambridge 21: 50–75.
  • Rots, V., Lentfer, C., Schmid, V.C., Porraz, G. and Conard, N.J. 2017. “Pressure flaking to serrate bifacial points for the hunt during the MIS5 at Sibudu Cave (South Africa).” PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175151
  • Sackett, J.R. 1982. “Approaches to style in lithic archaeology.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1: 59–112. doi: 10.1016/0278-4165(82)90008-3
  • Sackett, J.R. 1986. “Style, function and assemblage variability: a reply to Binford.” American Antiquity 51: 628–634. doi: 10.2307/281759
  • Sampson, C.G. 1974. The Stone Age Archaeology of Southern Africa. New York: Academic Press.
  • Shea, J.J. 2006. “The origins of lithic projectile point technology: evidence from Africa, the Levant, and Europe.” Journal of Archaeological Science 33: 823–846. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2005.10.015
  • Sisk, M.L. and Shea, J.J. 2009. “Experimental use and quantitative performance analysis of triangular flakes (Levallois points) used as arrowheads.” Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 2039–2047. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2009.05.023
  • Soriano, S., Villa, P., Delagnes, A., Degano, I., Pollarolo, L., Lucejko, J.J., Henshilwood, C.S. and Wadley, L. 2015. “The Still Bay and Howiesons Poort at Sibudu and Blombos: understanding Middle Stone Age technologies.” PLoS ONE 10(7): e0131127. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131127
  • Thackeray, A.I. and Kelly, A.J. 1988. “A technological and typological analysis of Middle Stone Age assemblages antecedent to the Howiesons Poort at Klasies River main site.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 43: 15–26. doi: 10.2307/3887609
  • Tribolo, C., Mercier, N., Valladas, H., Joron, J.L., Guibert, P., Lefrais, Y., Selo, M., Texier, P.-J., Rigaud, J.-P., Porraz, G. and Poggenpoel, C.A. 2009. “Thermoluminescence dating of a Still Bay–Howiesons Poort sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa).” Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 730–739. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.018
  • Tribolo, C., Mercier, N., Douville, E., Joron, J.L., Reyss, J.L., Rufer, D., Cantin, N., Lefrais, Y., Miller, C.E., Porraz, G. and Parkington, J.E. 2013. “OSL and TL dating of the Middle Stone Age sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): a clarification.” Journal of Archaeological Science 40: 3401–3411. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.001
  • Villa, P., Soressi, M., Henshilwood, C.S. and Mourre, V. 2009. “The Still Bay points of Blombos Cave (South Africa).” Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 441–460. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2008.09.028
  • Vogelsang, R. 1998. Middle-Stone-Age-Fundstellen in Südwest-Namibia. Köln: Heinrich-Barth-Institut.
  • Vogelsang, R., Richter, J., Jacobs, Z., Eichhorn, B., Linseele, V. and Roberts, R.G. 2010. “New excavations of Middle Stone Age deposits at Apollo 11 Rockshelter, Namibia: stratigraphy, archaeology, chronology and past environments.” Journal of African Archaeology 8: 185–218. doi: 10.3213/1612-1651-10170
  • Wadley, L. 2007. “Announcing a Still Bay industry at Sibudu Cave, South Africa.” Journal of Human Evolution 52: 681–689. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002
  • Wadley, L. 2015. “Those marvellous millennia: the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 50: 155–226. doi: 10.1080/0067270X.2015.1039236
  • Wadley, L. and Mohapi, M. 2008. “A segment is not a monolith: evidence from the Howiesons Poort of Sibudu, South Africa.” Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 2594–2605. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017
  • Wendt, W.E. 1976. “‘Art mobilier’ from the Apollo 11 Cave, South West Africa: Africás oldest dated works of art.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 31: 5–11. doi: 10.2307/3888265
  • White, J.P. and Dibble, H.L. 1986. “Stone tools: small-scale variability.” In Stone Age Prehistory: Studies in Memory of Charles McBurney, edited by G.N. Bailey and P. Callow, 47–53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wobst, H.M. 1977. “Stylistic behaviour and information exchange.” In Papers for the Director: Essays in Honour of James B. Griffin, edited by C.E. Cleland, 317–342. Michigan: University of Michigan.
  • Wobst, H.M. 1999. “Style in archaeology, or archaeologists in style.” In Material Meanings: Critical Approaches to the Interpretation of Material Culture, edited by E.S. Chilton, 118–132. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  • Wurz, S. 2010. “Middle Stone Age tools from Klasies River main site, conventions and symbolic cognition.” In Stone Tools and the Evolution of Human Cognition, edited by A. Nowell and I. Davidson, 135–158. Colorado: University Press of Colorado.