306
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Beyond urbanization, regional settlement pattern in south-eastern Levant during the Early Bronze Age

References

  • Akkermans, P. M. M. and Huigens, H. 2018. Long-term settlement trends in Jordan’s northeastern Badia: The Jabal Qurma Archaeological Project. Annual of Department of Antiquity of Jordan 59: 503–15.
  • Al-Maqdissi, M. 1985. Prospections à l’est de Al-Loujâte. Syria 67: 141.
  • Al-Maqdissi, M. and Braemer, F. 2006. Labwe (Syrie): une ville du Bronze ancien du Levant Sud. Paléorient 32(1): 113–24.
  • Betts, A. 1985. Black Desert Survey, Jordan: third preliminary report. Levant 17: 29–52.
  • Betts, A. 1990. The Edinburgh University/B.I.A.A.M. Expedition to Qasr Burqu’/Ruweishid. Syria 67: 471–73.
  • Betts, A. 1996. Southern Hauran, Rukeis, in ‘Archaeology in Jordan’. American Journal of Archaeology 100: 521–22.
  • Betts, A. 2003. Qasr Burqu’ — desert periphery and urban core. Mediterranean Archaeology 16: 89–97.
  • Betts, A. (ed.) 1998. The Harra and the Hamad: Excavations and Surveys in Eastern Jordan. Vol I. Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 9. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
  • Betts, A. (ed.) 1991. Excavations at Jawa 1972–1986. Stratigraphy, Pottery and Other Finds. Excavations and Explorations in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Betts, A. and Tarawneh, M. 2010. Changing patterns of land use and subsistence in the Badiayat al-Sham in the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic period: new data from Burqu’ and Bayir. In, Al-Maqdissi, M., Braemer, F. and Dentzer, J.-M. (eds), Hauran V. La Syrie du Sud du néolithique à l’Antiquité tardive. Recherches récentes. Actes du colloque de Damas 2007: 69–82. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 191/1. Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.
  • Bourke, S. J. 1997. Pre-classical Pella in Jordan: a conspectus of ten year’s work (1985–1995). Palestine Exploration Quaterly 129: 94–115.
  • Bourke, S. J. 2013. Preclassical Pella in Jordan: a conspectus of recent work. ACOR Newsletter 25(1): 1–5.
  • Bradbury, J., Braemer, F. and Sala, M. 2014. Fitting upland, steppe, and desert into a ‘big picture’ perspective: a case study from northern Jordan. Levant 46(2): 206–29.
  • Braemer, F. 1990. Prospection et analyse régionale des vestiges préromains en Syrie du Sud, Archéologie et Espaces. Xe Rencontres internationales d’Archéologie et d’Histoire, Antibes, Octobre 1989. Juan-Les pins: Éditions APDCA.
  • Braemer, F. 2007. Transformations des systèmes d’agglomération au Levant (3500–3000 avant notre ère): peut-on parler d’‘urbanisations précoces’? In, Guilaine, J. (ed.), Le Chalcolithique et la construction des inégalités, tome II, Proche et Moyen-Orient, Amérique, Afrique, Séminaire du Collège de France: 65–83. Paris: Editions Errance.
  • Braemer, F. 2011. Badia and Maamoura, the Jawlan/Hawran regions during the Bronze Age: landscapes and hypothetical territories. Syria 88: 31–46.
  • Braemer, F. and Échallier, J.-C. 2000. A summary statement on the EBA ceramics from southern Syria, and the relationship of this material with that of neighbouring regions. In, Philip, G. and Baird, D. (eds), Ceramics and Change in the Early Bronze Age of the Southern Levant: 403–10. Levantine Archaeology 2. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
  • Braemer, F. and Sapin, J. 2001. Modes d’occupation de la steppe dans le Levant sud-est au Bronze ancien: les structures liées au pastoralisme. In, Geyer, B. (ed.), Conquête de la steppe et appropriation des terres sur les marges arides du Croissant fertile: 69–88. Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient 36. Lyon: Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen-Jean Pouilloux.
  • Braemer, F. and Al-Maqdissi, M. 2008. Villes(?) du Leja au 3e millénaire: organisation et fonctions. Comptes-rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 152(4): 1809–43.
  • Braemer, F., Échallier, J.-C. and Taraqji, A. (eds) 2004. Khirbet al Umbashi. Villages et campements de pasteurs dans le ‘désert noir’ (Syrie) à l’âge du Bronze. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 17. Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.
  • Braemer, F., Davtian, G. and Criaud, H. 2010a. Labwe: une ville fortifiée du Bronze ancien dans le Leja. In, Al-Maqdissi, M., Braemer, F. and Dentzer, J.-M. (eds), Hauran V. La Syrie du Sud du néolithique à l’Antiquité tardive. Recherches récentes. Actes du colloque de Damas 2007: 111–18. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 191(1). Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.
  • Braemer, F., Nicolle, C. and Criaud, H. 2010b. Maisons et agglomérations à l’âge du Bronze en Syrie du Sud. In, Al-Maqdissi, M., Braemer, F. and Dentzer, J.-M. (eds), Hauran V. La Syrie du Sud du néolithique à l’Antiquité tardive. Recherches récentes. Actes du colloque de Damas 2007: 83–102. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 191(1). Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.
  • Braemer, F., Criaud, H., Davtian, G., Fiaccavento, Ch., Flambeaux, A., Ghanem, Gh., Herveux, L., Ibanez, J.-J., Liétar, C., Nicolle, Ch., Shaarani, W. and Vila, E. 2011. Qarassa, un site du Bronze ancien et Moyen en Syrie du sud. Travaux 2007–2010. Syria 88: 225–50.
  • Braemer, F., Ibanez, J. J. and Terradas, X. 2016. Qarassa (Sweida). In, Kanjou, Y. and Tsuneki, A. (eds), A History of Syria in one Hundred Sites: 35–40. Oxford: Archeopress.
  • Chesson, M. 2015. Reconceptualizing the Early Bronze Age southern Levant without cities: local histories and walled communities of EB II–III society. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 28(1): 51–79.
  • Cluzan, S. and Ferzat-Taraqji, A. 2011. Quatrième campagne sur les sites de Tulul el-Far, Tell Taouil et Tell el-Kharaze: l’âge du bronze dans la région de Damas. Bulletin de la Recherche au Louvre: 106–09.
  • Criaud, H. and Rohmer, J. 2010. Schémas d’occupation d’une enclave semi-aride. Le Leja (Syrie du Sud) de l’âge du Bronze à la veille de l’annexion à Rome (3600 av. J.-C. — fin du Ier s. ap. J.-C.). In, Alrashi, H., Chambrade, M.-L., Gondet, S., Jouvenel, A., Sauvage, C. and Tronchère, H. (eds), Regards croisés sur l’étude archéologique des paysages anciens. Nouvelles recherches dans le Bassin méditerranéen, en Asie centrale et au Proche et au Moyen-Orient: 43–65. Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient 156. Lyon: Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux.
  • D’Andrea, M. 2020. The religious complexes of Megiddo and Khirbet ez-Zeraqon and the Early Bronze Age interregional connectivity. Studia Eblaitica 6: 1–39.
  • Douglas, K. 2007. Die Befestigung der Unterstadt von Hirbet ez-Zeraqōn im Rahmen der frühbronzezeitlichen Fortifikationen in Palästina. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Elad, I. and Paz, Y. 2018. ‘En Esur (Asawir): preliminary report. Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel 130. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26691671.
  • Échallier, J.-C. and Braemer, F. 1995. Nature et fonctions des ‘Desert Kites’: données et hypothèses nouvelles. Paléorient 21(1): 35–63.
  • Échallier, J.-C. and Braemer, F. 2004. Khirbet ed Dabab: un habitat groupé du début du IIIe millénaire. In, Braemer, F., Echallier, J.-C. and Taraqji, A. (eds), Khirbet al Umbashi. Villages et campements de pasteurs dans le ‘désert noir’ (Syrie) à l’âge du Bronze: 65–74. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 171. Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.
  • Esse, D. L. 1989. Secondary state formation and collapse in Early Bronze Age Palestine. In, de Miroschedji, P. (ed.), L’urbanisation de la Palestine à l’âge du Bronze Ancien. Bilan et perspectives des recherches actuelles: 81–86. BAR International Series 527. Oxford: BAR Publishing.
  • Esse, D. L. 1991. Subsistence, Trade and Social Change in Early Bronze Age Palestine. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 50. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1937. Les Nuer. Description des modes de vie et des institutions politiques d’un peuple nilote. Paris: Gallimard.
  • Fernández-Tresguerres Velasco, J. 1999. Jebel Mutawwaq, un poblado de Bronce Antiguo IA en la estepa jordana. In, De Oriente a Occidente: homenaje al Dr. Emilio Olávarri: 213–36. Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca.
  • Fernández-Tresguerres Velasco, J. 2005. Jabal Al-Mutawwaq. Annual of the Department of Archaeology of Jordan 49: 365–72.
  • Finkelstein, I. 1995. Two notes on Early Bronze Age urbanization and urbanism. Tel Aviv 22: 47–69.
  • Finkelstein, I. and Gophna, A. 1993. Settlement, demographic and economic patterns in the highland of Palestine in the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze periods and the beginning of urbanism. Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 289: 1–22.
  • Garrard, A., Betts, A., Byrd, B. and Hunt, C. 1988. Summary of paleoenvironmental and prehistoric investigations in the Azraq Basin. In, Garrard, A. and Gebel, H. (eds). The Prehistory of Jordan: The State of Research in 1986: 311–37. British Archaeological Reports International Series 396. Oxford: BAR.
  • Genz, H. 2003. Cash crop production and storage in the Early Bronze Age southern Levant. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16(1): 59–78.
  • Gibbins, S. 2001. Early Bronze Age fortifications on Tell Husn (Pella). In, Walmsley, A. (ed.), Australians Uncovering, Ancient Jordan. Fifty Years of Middle Eastern Archaeology: A Volume of Studies and Retrospectives Prepared for The Eighth International Conference on the History and Archaeology of Jordan: 89–94. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
  • Graham, P. 2019. Using archaeobotanic remains to model social, political, and economic changes during the Chalcolithic period in the southern Levant. In, Yasur-Landau, A., Cline, E. H. and Rowan, Y. M. (eds), The Social Archaeology of the Levant: 146–59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Greenberg, R. 2002. Early Urbanizations in the Levant. A Regional Narrative. Leicester: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Greenberg, R. 2003. Early Bronze Age Megiddo and Bet Shean: discontinuous settlement in sociopolitical context. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16(1): 17–32.
  • Greenberg, R., Ashkenazi, H., Berger, A., Iserlis, M., Paz, Y., Rotem, Y., Shimelmitz, R., Tan, M. and Paz, S. 2017. The Circles Building (Granary) at Tel Bet Yerah (Khirbet el -Kerak): a new synthesis (excavations of 1945–1946, 2003–2015). Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 378: 163–202.
  • Grigson, C. 1995. Plough and pasture in the early economy of the southern Levant. In, Levy, E. T. (ed.), The Archaeology of Society on the Holy Land: 245–68. London and Washington: Leicester University Press.
  • Harrison, T. P. and Savage, S. H. 2003. Settlement heterogeneity and mutivarate craft production in the Early Bronze Age southern Levant. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16(1): 33–57.
  • Helms, S. 1981. Jawa, the Lost City of the Black Desert. Ithica and New York: Cornell University.
  • Helms, S and Betts, A. 1987. The desert ‘kites’ of the Badiyat al-Sham and north Arabia. Paléorient 13(1): 41–67.
  • Hill, A. C. and Rowan, Y. M. 2022. The Black Desert Bronze Survey: new perspectives on an ancient landscape. Remote Sensing 14: 702.
  • Hole, F. 1991. Middle Khabur settlement and agriculture in the Ninevite 5 period. Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies 21: 17–29.
  • Joffe, A. H. 1993. Settlements and Society in Early Bronze I and II Southern Levant. Complementarity and Contradiction in a Small-Scale Complex Society. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
  • Lancaster, W. and Lancaster, F. 1997. Indigenous resource management systems in the Badia of the Bilad ash-Sham. Journal of Arid Environments 35(2): 367–78.
  • Langgut, D., Adams, M. J. and Finkelstein, I. 2016. Climate, settlement patterns and olive horticulture in the southern Levant during the Early Bronze and Intermediate Bronze Ages (c.3600–1950 BC). Levant 48(2): 117–34.
  • MacDonald, M. C. A. 1992. The seasons and transhumance in the safaitic inscriptions. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society series 3,2,1: 1–11.
  • Maitland, R. A. 1927. The ‘works of the old men’ in Arabia. Antiquity 1: 197–203.
  • Marfoe, L. 1998. Kamid el-Loz 14. Settlement History of the Biqa’ up to the Iron Age. Saarbrücker Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 53. Bonn: Rudolph Habelt.
  • Mauss, M. 1904–1905. Essai sur les variations saisonnières des sociétés eskimos. Étude de morphologie sociale. Année Sociologique 9: 39–132.
  • Meister, J., Knitter, D., Krause, J., Müller-Neuhof, B. and Schütt, B. 2019. A pastoral landscape for millennia: investigating pastoral mobility in northeastern Jordan using quantitative spatial analyses. Quaternary International 501 part B: 364–78.
  • Migowski, C., Stein, M., Prasad, S., Negendank, J. F. W. and Agnon, A. 2006. Holocene climate variability and cultural evolution in the Near East from the Dead Sea sedimentary record. Quaternary Research 66: 421–31.
  • Milevski, I. 2013. The transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age of the southern Levant in socio-political economic context. Paléorient 39(1): 193–208.
  • Miller Rosen, A. 1997. The agricultural base of urbanism in the Early Bronze II–III Levant. In, Aufrecht, W., Mirau, N. A. and Gauley, S. W. (eds), Urbanism in Antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete: 92–98. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
  • Miroschedji, P. (de) 2013. Fouilles de Tel Yarmouth: résultats des travaux de 2003 à 2009 (14e–18e campagnes). Comptes-rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 157(2): 759–96.
  • Miroschedji, P. (de) 2015. Les relations entre l’Egypte et le Levant aux IVe et IIIe millénaires à la lumière des fouilles de Tell es-Sakkan. Comptes-rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 159(2): 1003–38.
  • Miroschedji, P. (de) 2018. The urbanization of the southern Levant in its Near Eastern setting. Origini XLII(2): 108–48.
  • Mittmann, S. 1994. Hirbet ez-Zeraqon: Eine Stadt der frühen Bronzezeit in nord-jordanien. Archäeologie in Deutschland 2: 10–15.
  • Molist, M. M. (ed.) 1996. Tell Halula (Siria): un Yacimiento Neolítico del Valle Medio del Éufrates: Campañas de 1991 y 1992. Madrid: Ministerio Educación y Cultura/Instituto del Patrimonio Histórico Español.
  • Müller-Neuhof, B. 2012. The gardens of Jawa evidence for rainwater harvesting irrigation. The Bulletin of the Council for British Research in the Levant 7: 62–64.
  • Müller-Neuhof, B. 2014. A ‘marginal’ region with many options: the diversity of Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age socio-economic activities in the hinterland of Jawa. Levant 46(2): 230–48.
  • Müller-Neuhof, B. 2017a. The Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age hillfort phenomenon in the northern Badia. Near Eastern Archaeology 80(2): 124–31.
  • Müller-Neuhof, B. 2017b. Khirbet al-Ja’bariya: a recently discovered fortified Early Bronze Age settlement in the Jordanian Basalt Desert. Bulletin for the Council for British Research in the Levant 12(1): 67–71.
  • Müller-Neuhof, B. and Abu-Azizeh, W. 2016. Insights into the Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age colonization of the Harra (north-east Jordan) — Part I: Tulullal-Ghusain. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 59: 411–23.
  • Müller-Neuhof, B., Betts, A. and Willcox, G. 2015a. Jawa, northeastern Jordan: the first 14C dates for the early occupation phase. Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie 8: 124–31.
  • Müller-Neuhof, B., Abu-Azizeh, L., Abu-Azizeh, W. and Meister, J. 2015b. East of Jawa: Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age settlement activity in al-Harra (north-east Jordan). Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 57: 125–39.
  • Musil, A. 1928. The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins. A Topographical Itinerary. Oriental Exploration and Studies 6. New York: American Geographical Society.
  • Naji, S. 2006. Greniers collectifs de l’Atlas. Patrimoines du Sud marocain. Casablanca: Edisud & La croisée des chemins.
  • Neef, R. 1990. Introduction, development and environmental implications of olive culture: the evidence from Jordan. In, Bottema, S., Entjes-Nieborg, G. and van Zeist, W. (eds), Man’s Role in the Shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape: 295–306. Rotterdam: Balkema.
  • Nicolle, C. 2010. Le pôle de peuplement historique de Sharaya, à la frange nord du Leja. In. Al-Maqdissi, M., Braemer, F. and Dentzer, J.-M. (eds), Hauran V. La Syrie du Sud du Néolithique à l’Antiquité tardive, Recherches récentes. Actes du colloque de Damas 2007. Vol. 1: 103–09. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 191. Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.
  • Nicolle, C. 2011. Entre symbiose et autarcie: les établissements fixes des pasteurs du Harra à l’âge du Bronze. Syria 88: 75–92.
  • Nicolle, C. 2012. The mid-4th millennium gathering site of Mutawwaq in northern Jordan. In, Muniz Alvarez, J. (ed.), Ad Orientem. Del final del Paleotico en el norte de Espana a las primeras civilizaciones del Oriente Proximo. Estudios en Homenaje al Professor Juan Antonio Fernandez-Tresguerres Velasco: 431–46. Oviedo: Mensula Ediciones.
  • Nicolle, C. and Al-Maqdissi, M. 2006. Sharaya: un village du Bronze ancien Ia en Syrie du Sud. Paléorient 32(1): 125–36.
  • Nicolle, C. and Braemer, F. 2002. Le Levant sud au Bronze ancien: pour une définition des systèmes socio-économiques non intégrés. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 8: 197–204.
  • Nicolle, C. and Braemer, F. 2012. Settlement networks in the southern Levant in the mid-4th millennium BC: sites with double-apsed houses in the Leja area of southern Syria during the EBA IA. Levant 44(1): 1–16.
  • Nigro, L. (ed.) 2006. Khirbet al-Batrawy: An Early Bronze Age Fortified Town in North-Central Jordan. Preliminary Report of the First Season of Excavations (2005). ROSAPAT 03. Roma: ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma.
  • Nigro, L. 2016. Khirbat al-Batrawi 2010–2013. The city defenses and the Palace of Copper Axes. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 12: 135–54.
  • Nissen, H. J., Mueheisen, M. and Gebel, H. G. 1991. Report on the excavations at Basta 1988. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 35: 13–32.
  • Paz, Y. 2002. Fortified settlements of the EB IB and the emergence of the first urban system. Tel Aviv 29(2): 238–61.
  • Philip, G. 2001. The Early Bronze I–III Age. In, MacDonald, B., Adams, R. and Bienkowski, P. (eds), The Archaeology of Jordan: 163–232. Levantine Archaeology 1. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
  • Philip, G. 2003. The Early Bronze Age of the southern Levant: a landscape approach. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16(1): 103–32.
  • Poidebard, A. 1928. Reconnaissance aérienne au Ledja et au Safa. Syria 9: 114–23.
  • Polcaro, A. and Muniz, J. 2020. Preliminary results of the 2014–2015 excavations campaigns at the Early Bronze Age I settlement of Jebel al-Mutawwaq, Middle Wadi az-Zarqa, Area C, Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 13: 85–96.
  • Rees, L. W. B. 1929. The Transjordan Desert. Antiquity 12: 389–407.
  • Richard, S. 2013. The southern Levant (Transjordan) during the Early Bronze Age. In, Steiner, M. and Killebrew, A. E. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant (c. 8000–332 BCE): 331–52. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Rollefson, G. O. 1987. Local and external relations in the Levantine PPN period: ‘Ain Ghazal; (Jordan) as a regional center. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan III: 29–32.
  • Rollefson, G. O. 1989. The Aceramic Neolithic of the southern Levant; the view from ‘Ain Ghazal. Paléorient 15(1): 135–40.
  • Rollefson, G. O. and al Kafafi, Z. 2013. The town of ‘Ain Ghazal. In, Schmandt Besserat, D. (ed.), Ain Ghazal Excavation Report. Vol. 3: 3–25. Berlin: ex Oriente.
  • Sala, M. 2008. L’architettura sacra della Palestina nell’età del Bronzo Antico I–III. Contesto archeologico, analisi architettonica e sviluppo storico. Contributi e Materiali di Archeologia Orientale XIII. Roma: ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma.
  • Savage, S. H., Falconer, S. E. and Harrison, T. P. 2007. The Early Bronze Age city states of the southern Levant. Neither cities nor states. In, Levy, T. E., Daviau, M., Younker, R. W. and Shaer, M. (eds), Crossing Jordan: North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan: 285–97. London and Oakville: Equinox Publishing.
  • Stager, L. 2001. Port power in the Early and the Middle Bronze Age: the organization of maritime trade and hinterland production. In, Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands in Memory of Douglas L. Esse: 625–38. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 56. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,.
  • Thalmann, J.-P. 1990. Naissance et déclin des villes dans la Palestine du Bronze ancien. In, Huot, J.-L., Valbelle, D. and Thalman, J.-P. (dir), Naissance des Cités: 81–98. Paris: Nathan.
  • Tsuneki, A. 2012. Tell el-Kerkh as a Neolithic mega site. Orient XLVII: 29–66.
  • Tumolo, V. and Höflmayer, F. 2020. Khirbet ez-Zeraqon and Early Bronze chronology revisited. In, Richard, S. (ed.), New Horizons in the Study of the Early Bronze III and Early Bronze IV of the Levant: 249–64. University Park, Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns.
  • Vila, E. 2004. Apport de l’étude de la faune à la connaissance des modes de vie. In, Braemer, F., Echallier, J.-C. and Taraqji, A. (eds), Khirbet al Umbashi. Villages et campements de pasteurs dans le ‘désert noir’ (Syrie) à l’âge du Bronze: 271–82. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 171. Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.
  • Wapnish, P. and Hesse, B. 2000. Mammal remains from the Early Bronze sacred compound. In, Finkelstein, I., Ussishkin, D. and Halpern, B. (eds), Megiddo III. The 1992–1996 Seasons: 429–62. Monographs Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 18. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University.
  • Willcox, G. 2004. Les macrorestes carbonisés. In, Braemer, F., Echallier, J.-C. and Taraqji, A. (eds), Khirbet al Umbashi. Villages et campements de pasteurs dans le ‘désert noir’ (Syrie) à l’âge du Bronze: 232–39. Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique 171. Beyrouth: Presses de l’IFPO.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.