- Inden , Ronald . 1990 . Imagining India Oxford
- Pandey , Gyanendra . 1990 . The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India Delhi
- O'Hanlon , Rosalind . 1993 . “ ‘Historical Approaches to Communalism: Perspectives from Western India’ ” . In Society and Ideology. Essays in South Asian History presented to Professor K.A. Ballhatchet Edited by: Robb , Peter . 247 – 66 . Delhi
- Dirks , Nicholas B. 1992 . ‘Castes of Mind’ . Representations , 37 Winter : 56 – 78 .
- Lelyveld , David . 1993 . “ ‘The fate of Hindustani’ ” . In Orientalism and the Post‐Colonial Predicament Edited by: Breckenridge , C. and Veer , P. van der . 201 – 8 . Philadelphia
- Majeed , Javed . “ ‘The jargon of Indostan ‐ an exploration of jargon in Urdu and East India Company English’ ” . In Languages and Jargons , Edited by: Burke , Peter and Porter , Roy . London : Polity Press . forthcoming in
- Yang , Anand , ed. 1985 . Crime and Criminality in British India Tucson, Arizona
- Nigam , Sanjay . ‘Disciplining and policing the “criminal by birth'” . Indian Economic and Social History Review , XXVII ( 2 ) 131 – 64 . 2 parts
- Sangari , Kumkum and Vaid , Sudesh , eds. 1989 . Recasting Women. Essays in colonial history Delhi
- Arnold , David . 1992 . Colonising the Body. State medicine and epidemic disease in nineteenth century India London
- Vishwanathan , Gauri . 1989 . Masks of Conquest. Literary study and British rule in India Columbia
- Suleri , Sara . 1992 . The Rhetoric of English India Chicago
- Clark , J. C. D. 1985 . English Society 1688–1832; ideology, social structure and political practice during the ancien regime London
- Cowling , Maurice . 1980 . Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England 2 Vols , Cambridge 1985).
- Hilton , Boyd . 1988 . The Aqe of Atonement. The influence of Evangelicalism on social and economic thought, 1785–1865 Cambridge
- Harris , Jose . 1993 . Private Lives; Public Spirit. A social history of Britain, 1870–1914 London
- Porter , Andrew . 1992 . ‘Religion and Empire. British expansion in the long nineteenth century’ . Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History , XX ( 3 ) : 370 – 93 . [hereafter JICH]
- Oddie , Geoffrey . “ ‘The western‐educated elites and popular religion. The debate over the hook‐swinging issue in Bengal and Madras, c. 1830–94’ ” . In Society and Ideology Edited by: Robb . 177 – 95 . op. cit.,
- 1830–45 . The Church Missionary Record London
- Grewal , J.S. 1970 . Muslim Rule in India. The assessment of British historians Calcutta
- Gladwin , Francis . 1800 . Ayeen Akberry, or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber Vol. I , iv – xvii . London translator's preface,
- Marshall , P.J. 1970 . The British Discovery of Hinduism in the Eighteenth Century Cambridge
- Penner , Peter . 1986 . The Patronage Bureaucracy in North India. The Robert M. Bird and James Thomason school, 1820–1870 Delhi
- 1849 . Friend of India , 4 Jan.
- 1838 . The Hindoos London
- 1839 . ‘On the establishing of a fanam [penny] magazine’ . Friend of India , Mar.
- 1797 . Observations on the state of Society among the Asiatic Subjects of Great Britain.... London
- Sharp , H. , ed. 1929 . Selections from Educational Records. Bureau of Education India. Part 1, 1781–1839 Calcutta
- Potts , Daniel E. 1967 . British Baptist Missionaries in India, 1793–1837 169 – 204 . Cambridge
- Robinson , F. C. R. “ ‘The impact of print in South Asia’ ” . In The Transmission of Knowledge in South Asia. Essays on the Social Agenda Edited by: Crook , Nigel . Delhi
- 1850 . Friend of India , 10 Jan.
- 1851 . Mofussilite , 17 Jan.
- 1842 . Bhugol Darpan Pathshalon ke lie [Geography for Schools] , Calcutta : Orphanage Press .
- 1841 . Ingiland Dwipdipika [Geographical Description of England] Agra
- Nicholas , George . 1838 . A Grammar of Geography adapted to the Education of Indian Youth Calcutta
- Prasad , Raja Shiva . 1856 . Vamamanaranjana Agra reprint,
- Wilkinson , L. 1834 . ‘On the use of the Siddhantas in the work of native education’ . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal , : 504 – 19 .
- 1994 . ‘British orientalism and the Indian ‘rational tradition’, c. 1780–1860’ . South Asia Research , XIV ( 1 ) Spring : 1 – 9 .
- Ballantyne , J. 1849 . ‘The Pandits and their method of teaching’ . Benares Magazine , II : 353 – 9 .
- 1859 . Christianity contrasted with Hindoo Philosophy... London
- Temple , Richard Sir . 1893 . James Thomason. [Rulers of India Series] 129 – 30 . Oxford
- 1852 . Church Missionary Gleaner , New Series, no. 1 58
- Anon. (Ballantyne ?) . 1852 . ‘Native Education in the North West Provinces’ . Benares Magazine , VIII : 169
- Powell , Avril . 1993 . Muslims and Missionaries in Pre‐Mutiny India Richmond
- Das , Brajratan . 1962 . Bhartendu Harischandra 189 Allahabad
- 1847 . Benares Recorder , 7 19 Sept. 15 Oct.
- 1836 . Friend of India , 18 Oct. 24 Aug. 1848
- Mani , Lata . 1989 . “ ‘Contentious traditions: the debate about sati in colonial India’ ” . In Recasting Women. Essays in Colonial History Edited by: Sangari , Kumkum and Vaid , Sudesh . 87 – 127 . Delhi
- 1835 . Friend of India , 15 Jan.
- Kopf , David . 1969 . British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance Berkeley
- Suntharalingam , R. 1974 . Politics and National Awakening in South India, 1852–91 Arizona
- Prior , Katherine . 1993 . ‘Making History: the state's intervention in Urban Religious disputes in the North‐Western Provinces in the Early Nineteenth Century1 . Modern Asian Studies , XXVII ( 1 ) : 179 – 203 . [hereafter MAS]
- 30 May 1838 . Chandrika Darpan, Friend of India 30 May ,
- 1839 . Englishman , 27 May
- Freitag , Sandria , ed. 1991 . “ ‘Aspects of “the public” in colonial South Asia’ ” . In South Asia Vol. XIV , no. 1
- Jones , Kenneth W. , ed. 1992 . Religious Controversy in British India. Dialogues in South Asian Languages Albany, N.Y.
- Jones . “ ‘Swami Dayananda Saraswati's critique of Christianity’ ” . 52 – 74 . ibid.,
- Knowing the Country. Empire and Information in India, c.1780–1880 , Cambridge Univ. Press .
- Rahbar , Daud , ed. 1987 . Urdu Letters of Mirza Asad u'llah Ghalib New York
- Russell , Ralph and Islam , Khurshidul . 1969 . Ghalib, 1797–1867, 1, Life and Letters Delhi
- Baksh , Munshi Muhammad Faiz . 1889 . “ ‘Tarikh‐i Farah Baksh’ ” . In Memoirs of Delhi and Faizabad Edited by: Hoey , W. Vol. II , 44 Allahabad
- 1849 . Friend of India , 5 Apr.
- Anderson , Benedict . 1988 . Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism London
- Mukherjee , Rudrangshu . 1984 . Awadh in Revolt. A study of popular resistance Delhi
- Dewey , Clive . 1993 . Anglo‐Indian Attitudes. The Mind of the Indian Civil Service London
- Savage , David W. 1994 . ‘Evangelical Education policy in Britain and India, 1857–60’ . JICH , XXII ( 3 ) : 432 – 61 .
- Nandy , Ashish . 1988 . The Intimate Enemy Delhi
- Chatterjee , Partha . 1993 . The Nation and its Fragments Princeton
- Studdert‐Kennedy , Gerald . 1990 . ‘The Christian imperialism of the die‐hard defenders of the Raj, 1926–35’ . JICH , XVIII ( 3 ) : 342 – 62 .
- Rudra , Ajit . 1993 . Times , 3 Dec.
- Brewer , John . 1989 . The Sinews of Power. War and the English State, 1688–1783 London
- O'Brien , P.K. 1988 . ‘The political economy of English taxation, 1660–1815’ . Economic History Review , 2nd series
- Colley , Linda . 1992 . Britons. Forging the Nation. 1707–1837 London
- my , See . 1989 . Imperial Meridian. The British Empire and the World, 1780–1830 London
- Townshend , Charles . 1993 . Making the Peace. Public Order in Great Britain London
- 1986 . Britain's Civil Wars. Counter‐insurgency in the Twentieth Century London
- Langford , Paul . 1989 . A Polite and Commercial People. England. 1727–83 Oxford
- Stone , Lawrence , ed. 1994 . “ ‘The British military fiscal state and indigenous resistance. India, 1750–1820’ ” . In An Imperial State at War. Britain from 1689 to 1815 322 – 55 . London
- 1987 . Bengal: the British Bridgehead, Eastern India 1740–1828 London
- Spry , H.H. 1837 . Modern India, with illustrations of the resources and capabilities of Hindustan Vol. II , 119 London
- Alavi , Seema . 1993 . ‘The Company army and rural society: the invalid thanah 1780–1830’ . MAS , XXVII ( 1 ) : 147 – 78 .
- Crawford , D.G. 1914 . A History of the Indian Medical Service, 1600–1913 London
- 1839 . Medical Officers of the Indian Army 1764–1838 London
- Campbell , D. Sir . 1925 . Records of Clan Campbell in the Military Service of the Hon. East India Company, 1600–1858 London
- Miners , N. 1990 . ‘The localisation of the Hong Kong Police Force, 1847–1947’ . JICH , XVIII ( 3 ) : 296 – 314 .
- Poplewell , Richard . 1994 . “ ‘British Intelligence and Indian ‘subversion’. The surveillance of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad’ ” . Cambridge Univ. . (Ph.D. thesis,
- Porter , Bernard . 1989 . Plots, Police and Paranoia. A history of political espionage in Britain, 1790–1898 London
- 1987 . The Origins of the Vigilante State. The London Metropolitan Special Branch before the First World War London
- Petrow , Stefan . 1990 . The Metropolitan Police and the Home Office, 1870–1914 London
- Kumar , Dharma . 1983 . “ ‘The fiscal system’ ” . In The Cambridge Economic History of India Edited by: Kumar , Dharma and Desai , Meghnad . Vol. II , 905 – 44 . Cambridge
- Harling , Philip and Mandler , Peter . 1993 . ‘From fiscal‐military state to laissez‐faire state, 1760–1850’ . Journal of British Studies , XXXII ( 1 ) : 1 – 34 .
- 1847 . ‘Do we need look further for the source of our financial embarrassments?’ . Friend of India , 6 May commented the leader‐writer,
- Singha , Radhika . 1993 . ‘Providential Circumstances: the thuggee campaign of the 1830s and legal innovation.’ . MAS , XXVII ( 1 ) : 45 – 83 .
- Searle , G. 1976 . Eugenics and Politics in Britain, 1900–14 Leiden
- Robb , P. , ed. 1995 . The Concept of Race in South Asia , Delhi : OUP .
- Bayly , Susan . “ ‘Caste and race in the colonial ethnology of India’ ” . 180 – 233 . ibid.
- Harper , Timothy . The Colonial Inheritance. The end of Empire and the making of modern Malaysian Society Cambridge
- Israel , Jonathan . 1994 . Comunications and Power. Propaganda and the press in the Indian nationalist struggle, 1920–47 Cambridge
- Bhattacharya , Sanjoy . ‘The State and the Communist Party of India, 1942–45. A Reappraisal’ . South Asia Research , forthcoming.
- Kumar , Dharma . “ ‘Fiscal system’ ” . 905 op. cit.
- Tomlinson , B.R. 1993 . The Economy of Modern India. 1850–1990 Cambridge
- Balachandran , G. 1994 . ‘Towards a “Hindoo Marriage”: Anglo‐Indian monetary relations in interwar India, 1917–35’ . MAS , XXVIII ( 3 ) : 615 – 47 .
- Bayly . 1993 . ‘Knowing the Country; Empire and Information in India’ . MAS , XXVII ( 1 ) : 26 – 7 .
- Fisher , M. “ ‘The office of Akhbar Nawis. The transition from Mughal to British forms.’ ” . 45 – 83 . ibid.,
- 1991 . Indirect Rule in British India. Residents and the residency system Delhi
- 1875 . Bulwuntnamah Allahabad
- 1814 . A Translation of the History of Jounpore from the Persian of Fuqeer Khyr ood Deen Moohummud Calcutta
- “ ‘Akhbarat‐i‐kotwali‐i Lakhnau’ ” . Oxford : Bodleian Library . Oriental Manuscripts,
- Barnett , Richard . 1980 . North India between Two Empires, Awadh, the Mughals and the British, 1720–1801 Berkeley
- Irschick , Eugene . 1994 . Dialogue and History. Constructing South India, 1795–1895 Berkeley
- Skaria , Ajay . Tacking Between Histories. The Dangi Bhils in the nineteenth century , Delhi : OUP .
- Roy , Asim . 1983 . The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal Princeton
- Washbrook , D.A. 1981 . ‘Law, state and agrarian society in colonial India,’ . MAS , XV ( 3 ) : 649 – 721 .
- Cain , P.J. and Hopkins , A.G. 1993 . British Imperialism 2 Vols , London
- L. and Stone , J.F. 1984 . An Open Elite? England 1540–1880 Oxford
- Cannadine , David . 1984 . ‘The past and the present in the English industrial revolution’ . Past and Present , : 131 – 72 .
- Chandavarkar , R.S. 1994 . The Origin of Industrial Capitalism in India. Business strategies and the working classes in Bombay, 1900–1940 Cambridge
- Tomlinson , B.R . 1990 . The Indian Economy 1860–1990 Cambridge
- Subrahmanyam , Sanjay and Bayly , C.A. 1990 . “ ’Portfolio capitalists and the political economy of early modern India’ ” . In Merchants, Markets and the State in Early Modern India Edited by: Subrahmanyam . 242 – 65 . Delhi
- 1992 . Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars , Indian edition Delhi
- Rudner , D. 1985 . ‘Caste and commerce in Indian society. A case study of the Nattukottai Chetiars, 1600–1930’ , Univ. of Pennsylvania . (PhD. thesis,
- Rungta , R.S. 1967 . The Rise of Business Corporations in India, 1851–1900 Cambridge
- 1930–2 . Indian Central Banking Enquiry Committee, 1929–30 Calcutta
- Barrier , N.G. 1966 . The Punjab Alienation of Land Bill of 1900 Durham, N.C.
- Ali , Imran . 1988 . The Punjab under Imperialism Princeton
- I am grateful to Drs. Miles Taylor and Boyd Hilton for suggesting readings on the British side. The audience at the Australian Asian Studies Association Congress at Perth, July 1994, helped me reformulate the paper. I am grateful to the editorial board of South Asia, and to the AustralianAssociation of South Asian Studies and its members for making my visit possible.
South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
Volume 17, 1994 - Issue 2