Muslims in Ottoman Europe: Population from 1800 to 1912

References

• McCarthy , Justin . 1990 . "The Population of Ottoman Europe Before and After the Fall of the Empire" . Third Congress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey . 1990 , Istanbul . Edited by: Lowry , Heath W. and Hattox , Ralph S. pp. 277 – 280 . (Isis)
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• Panzac , Daniel . 1992 . "La Population de la Macédoine au XIXe Siècle (1820-1912)" . REMMM , 66 ( 4 ) : 113 – 134 . The real statistics were part of a general compilation the Ottomans produced in 1905. Hilmi Paja, the Inspector General in Macedonia, was only one of the officials all over the Empire who oversaw the compilation. On Macedonia
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• Todorov , Nicolaj (Nicolai) . 1969 . 'The Balkan Town in the Second Half of the 19th Century" . Balkan Studies , 2 : 31 – 50 . For an extensive discussion of the Midhat Paja statistics and analysis of urban data from those statistics
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• Toumarkine , Alexandre . 1995 . Les Migrations des Populations Musulmanes Balkaniques en Anatolie (18761913) Istanbul For a more complete and descriptive list of the various Muslim groups
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• McCarthy , Justin . 1994 . "Ottoman Bosnia, 1800 to 1878" ” . In The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina , 54 – 83 . Cambridge , MA : Harvard . If Yenipazar Sancagi were not included, as it was not in earlier years, Muslim proportions would have declined to 48. Figures are from
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• Eren , Ahmet Cevdet . 1966 . Türkiye'd Göç ve Göçmen Meselesi , 31 – 34 . Istanbul : Nurgök Mat. .
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• Popovic , Alexandre . 1986 . L'Islam Balkanique , 262 – 265 . Berlin : Freien Universität . The figures for 1874 have the appearance of a detailed enumeration. They fit well with later data, and seem reliable. The earlier data are more an estimate, but conform to a number of other estimates
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• McCarthy , Justin . "An Ottoman Document on the Refugees of the Crimean Period" . Turkish Studies Association Bulletin , 6 ( 2 ) 29 – 30 .
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• Pinson , Mark . 1943 . "Russian Policy and the Emigration of the Crimean Tatars to the Ottoman Empire" ” . In Göney-Dogu Avrupa Arastirmalan Dergisi, Vois I and D; Ethhem Feyzi Gozaydm, Kmm , 40 – 41 . 83 – 86 . 95 – 98 . Istanbul : Kirim Vakit Mat. . For other estimates, see
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• Karpat , Kemal . 1985 . Ottoman Population, 1830-1914 , 65 Madison : Karpatu of Wisconsin Press .
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• Fisher , Alan . "Emigration of Muslims from the Russian Empire in the Years After the Crimean War" . Jahrbucher für Geschichte Osteuropas , 35 ( 3 ) 356 – 371 . The most comprehensive consideration of the figures is in
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• 1994 . Rumeli'den Anadolu'ya Turk Goçleri , 1 – 10 . Ankara : Ipek TTK . Nedim Ipek gives estimates for the Tatar and other migrations before 1877
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• Habiçoglu , Bedri . 1983 . "Kafkasya'dan Osmanh Imparatorlugu'na Göçler ve Iskanlari" ” . Istanbul University . These figures are taken from Ottoman reports, mainly of the Refugee Commission. They are given in the very valuable doctoral dissertation of
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• McCarthy , Justin . 1995 . Death and Exile , 32 – 39 . Princeton : Darwin . For statistics, see pp. 46, 47, 94, 95, and 119-121. My thanks to Paul Henze for bringing the work to my attention. See also Eren, pp. 74-75. Karpat, pp. 65-70, gives estimates of the total migration from the Caucasus and the Crimea, as does
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• Halaçoglu , Ahmet . 1995 . Rumeli'den Turk Göçleri (1912-1913) , 41 – 63 . 72 – 79 . Ankara : TTK . For the derivation of these figures, see McCarthy, "The Population of Ottoman Europe," which also contains more detailed data, and Death and Exile, pp. 156-164. The statistics are drawn from Ottoman population records, corrected for undercounts of women and children. See also the various estimates and registration statistics for various areas in
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• Bourcart , Jacques . 1922 . "La population de la Albanie" . La Geographie , 37 : 281 – 283 . The mortality statistics do not include much of Ottoman Albania, because of a lack of post-war statistics for comparison. Montenegran troops ravaged northern Albania during the Balkan Wars, so mortality must have been high. For the post-war enumerations of the European forces that occupied Albania, see
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• Todorova , Maria N. 1993 . Balkan Family Structure and the European Pattern , Lanham , MD : American University Press . There is a great deal of demographic information in the Ottoman registers, but it also takes a great deal of information to collect and analyze the statistics. For an excellent use of the registers, see; especially Chapter 2.
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• Coale , Ansley J. and Demeny , Paul . 1983 . Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations , 2nd edn New York Based on the East family of tables. Mortality Level 6, GRR =3.0 in
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• McCarthy , Justin . 1983 . Muslims and Minorities New York For explanations of the process involved in estimating; , Appendix 4, and "The Population of Ottoman Europe."
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• Evidence for this is very limited, however. See "Population of Ottoman Europe," pp. 294297.
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• The Serbian census of 1921 and statistical yearbooks of 1893 and 1905.
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• The Bulgarian census of 1881 and statistical yearbook of 1923-1924.
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• The rates and calculations are in McCarthy, "The Population of Ottoman Europe."
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• 1915-1935 . La population de la Turquie et de la Bulgarie au XVIII et XIX siècle: recherches bibliographico-statistiques , Sofia : Tsarska pridvorna pechatnitsa .
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• 1914 . Donation Carnegie pour la Paix Internationale, Enquête dans les Balkans , 8 – 12 . 184 – 185 . Paris : Carnegie Endowment . A good example of this, easily accessible, is the estimates of Bulgarians, Serbs, and Greeks quoted in
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• 1968 . Die Albanischen Muslime sur Zeit der nationalen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung (1878-1912) , 37 – 86 . (Wiesbaden Harrassowitz .
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• Ulkiisal , Miistecib . 1966 . Dobruca ve Türkler 24 – 49 . Ankara On the statistics of the Muslims in the Dobruja, see
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• McCarthy . Death and Exile 88 – 91 . 341 – 343 .
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• McCarthy . Death and Exile 104
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• The numbers in Table 4, drawn primarily from McCarthy, Death and Exile and "Ottoman Bosnia," did not always fit neatly into provincial boundaries. For example, all that is known of the Bosnia migrants is the total number leaving Bosnia, which has been divided artificially among provinces in the table. Such divisions are naturally open to question.
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• See McCarthy, 'Ottoman Bosnia."
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