Publication Cover
Nationalities Papers
The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity
Volume 31, 2003 - Issue 1
252
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Recent Romani Migration from Slovakia to EU Member States: Romani Reaction to Discrimination or Romani Ethno-tourism?

Pages 27-45 | Published online: 19 Aug 2010

References

  • Va?ecka , Michal . 1999 . "The Roma" ” . In Slovakia 1998-1999: A Global Report on the State of Society , Edited by: Mese?nikov , Grigorij , Ivanty?yn , Michal and Nicholson , Tom . 395 – 415 . Bratislava : Institute for Public Affairs .
  • Cahn , Claude and Vermeersch , Peter . 2000 . "The Group Expulsion of Slovak Roma by the Belgian Government: A Case Study of the Treatment of Romani Refugees in Western Countries" . Cambridge Review of International Affairs , 13 ( 2 ) Spring-Summer : 71 – 82 .
  • Hrabko , Juraj . 2001 . "Cierno-biely zoznam" . SME , 17 March : 8 Emotions surrounding the migration of Slovak Roma to EU member states calmed down in March 2001 after the European Commission placed Slovakia on the so-called "white list" of countries which have a visa-free regime with the European Union
  • In their decision in Horváth [2000], 3 WLR 379, the House of Lords found that in the case of Milan Horváth, the Slovak authorities were willing and able to provide a level of state protection against the persecution which the applicant claimed to fear, which was sufficient to meet and overcome his fear of persecution. Since then, the Horváth "test" of "sufficiency of state protection" has been used by the courts in the UK, as a means of dismissing the vast majority of asylum claims by Roma. The test has been criticised by the New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority as placing too high a burden of proof on the asylum seeker.
  • For details see Cahn and Vermeersch, 'The Group Expulsion of Slovak Roma".
  • 2001 . "V máji Vy?etria Vyhostenie" [They will investigate expulsion in May] . Romano L'il Neva , 468-485 : 6
  • 5 February 2002 . ERRC Welcomes Landmark Decision by Strasbourg Court in Expulsion Case 5 February , Open letter ERRC Website, http://www.errc.org/publications/letters/2002/belgium_ febr_5_2002.shtml.
  • Minority Rights Group International , ed. 1997 . World Dictionary of Minorities , London : MRG International .
  • Va?ecka , Michal . 2001 . "The Roma" ” . In Slovakia 2000: A Global Report on the State of Society , Edited by: Mese?nikov , Grigorij , Kollár , Miroslav and Nicholson , Tom . 169 – 198 . Bratislava : Institute for Public Affairs .
  • Va?ecka , Michal . 1999 . "Roma in Slovakia--The Crucial Issue on Slovak Way to EUMembership" ” . In Integration and Identity: Challenges to Europe and Israel , Edited by: Avinieri , Shlomo and Weidenfeld , Werner . 159 – 174 . Bonn : Europa Union Verlag .
  • Va?ecka , Michal . 1999 . "Roma and the 1998 Parliamentary Elections" ” . In The 1998 Parliamentary Elections and Democratic Rebirth in Slovakia , Edited by: Butora , Martin , Mese?nikov , Grigorij , Bútorová , Zora and Fisher , Sharon . 255 – 263 . Bratislava : Institute for Public Affairs .
  • Va?ecka . 1998-1999 . 'The Roma" . Slovakia ,
  • Crowe , David . 1996 . A History of the Gypsies of Eastern Europe and Russia , 46 – 48 . New York : St. Martin's Griffin .
  • Jurová , Anna . 1993 . Vývoj rómskej problematiky na Slovensku po roku 1945 (The Evolution of Romani Issues in Slovakia after 1945) , 67 – 83 . Ko?ice : Spolocensko-vedný ústav Slovenskej Akademie Vied (Institute of Social Sciences, The Slovak Academy of Science) .
  • 2001 . Poverty and Welfare of Roma in the Slovak Republic 11 – 12 . A Joint Report of the World Bank, The Open Society Institute, INEKO, Foundation SPACE, Draft,
  • Mann , Arne B. 1989 . "Výskum rodinných obycajov ako prostriedok poznania rodiny Cigánov-Rómov" (Examination of Family Customs as a Means of Understanding the Families of GypsiesRoma) ” . In Teoreticko-metodické východiská výskumu cigánskej rodiny a cigánskych obyvatel'av (Theoretical-Methodological Approaches to Researching Gypsy Families and Gypsy Citizens) , 8 Ko?ice : Spolocensko-vedný ústav Slovenskej Akademie Vied (Institute of Social Sciences, The Slovak Academy of Science) . Here we mean the following characteristics: life in a broader family; community-oriented lifestyle; an absence of borders between private and public; considering housing as temporary or provisional; a clear division of roles in the Romani family. See:
  • Va?ecka , Imrich . 2000 . Profil a situácia ?iadatel'ov o azyl a potenciálnych migrantov do krajin EÚ zo Slovenskej republiky (The Profile and Situation of Asylum Seekers and Potential Migrants from the Slovak Republic to EU Countries) , 9 – 14 . Bratislava : International Organisation for Migration .
  • World Bank, The Open Society Institute, INEKO, Foundation SPACE . Poverty and Welfare of Roma in the Slovak Republic 56 – 57 . Draft,
  • RadieOvá , Iveta and Va?ecka , Michal . 2001 . "Problems of Social Exclusion and Double Marginalization of Roma in Slovakia after 1989" . paper delivered at the conference Labour, Employment and Social Policies in the EU Enlargement Process: Changing Perspectives and Policy Options . June 2001 , Baden , Austria. pp. 12 – 17 . organized jointly by the World Bank and the Bertelsmann Foundation .
  • Very few Roma are able to prove direct persecution. But even in cases when Roma asylum-seekers successfully present cases proving persecution in Slovakia, they are very likely to be rejected by the authorities of EU states. See e.g. footnote 10 above for an explanation of the decision in Horvath.
  • Massey , Douglas S. 1997 . "Causes of Migration" ” . In Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Migration, Cambridge: Policy Press Edited by: Guibernau , Montserrat and Rex , John . 257 – 269 . According to the typology advocated by
  • Benkovic , Boris and Vakulová , Lucia . 2000 . Obraz Róma vo vybraných slovenských médiách (J. jún 1998-31. máj 1999) (The Picture of Roma in Selected Slovak Media: 1 June 1998-31 May 1999) , 14 – 16 . Bratislava : Slovenský helsinský výbor (Slovak Helsinki Committee) .
  • Va?ecka , Michal . 2000 . Coverage of Roma Migration to EU Countries in the Main Slovak Daily Newspapers (January 1999-April 2000) , 12 – 13 . Bratislava : International Organisation for Migration .
  • "Nechcú Rómov" [They don't want Rome] . Romano LiI Nevo , 455 – 467 .
  • Va?ecka . “ 'The Roma" ” . In Slovakia 1998 – 1999 . Following the change in government after the 1998 parliamentary elelctions, the Dzurinda Administration abolished the Office of the Slovak Government Plenipotentiary for Citizens Requiring Special Care and established a new Office of the Slovak Government Plenipotentiary for Solving the Problems of the Romani Majority, which worked under the auspices of the Cabinet Office. Shortly after its establishment, the office began to design the Government's new strategy for solving the problems of the Romani minority. The strategy comprised two stages. On 27 September 1999, the cabinet approved a document entitled Resolution No. 821/1999 Regarding the Strategy of the Slovak Government to Solve the Problems of the Romani Minority and the Set of Implementation Measures--1st stage and on 5 May 2000, the cabinet began the second stage of the scheme, approving a document entitled Elaborated Strategy of the Slovak Government to Solve the Problems of the Romani Ethnic Minority, which transformed the initial strategy into a set of concrete measures planned for 2000 (Governmental Resolution No. 294). See

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.