NOTES
- 2000 . Nationalities Papers , 28 Pronounced “doomed,” this acronym is commonly used by Dagestanis to designate this organization. See Enver Kisriev and Robert Bruce Ware, “Conflict and Catharsis: A Report on Developments in Dagestan Following the Incursion of August and September 1999,”, No. 3, pp. 479–522.
- 2000 . Central Asian Survey , 19 In Sufi Islam, a tariqat is a spiritual brotherhood of murid disciples or students under the spiritual guidance of teacher known as a “sheik.” In Dagestan, terms such as “tariqat Islam” or tariqatists are often used to designate practitioners of traditional North Caucasian Islam and to distinguish them from “Wahhabi” fundamentalists. See Ware and Kisriev, “The Islamic Factor in Dagestan,”, No. 2
- 1985 . Muslims of the Soviet Empire 69 London : Hurst . For discussions of Islam in the Caucasus see Alexandre Bennigsen and S. Endres Wimbush,; Bennigsen and Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay, Islam in the Soviet Union (London: Pall-Mall, 1967); Igor Rotar, Islam and War (Moscow: AIRO-XX, 1999), p.; idem, Under the Green Banner of Islam: Islamic Radicals in Russia and the CIS (Moscow, 2001); Kisriev, “Confrontations in the Settlement of Chabanmakhi,” Bulletin of The Network of the Ethnologic Monitoring and Early Warning of Conflicts, May 1997; idem, “Islam on Dagestan's Political Scene”, the Informational Volume “The Parliament of the Republics of Northern Osetiya-Alania, 10–11, 1999; idem, “Islam as Political Factor in Dagestan,” Central Asia and the Caucasus,5, 2000; idem, “Factors of Stability in Dagestan: Russia and Islamic World,” Bulletin of Referential and Analytical Information, Vol. 7, No. 109, 2001.
- Broxup , eds. 1992 . The North Caucasus Barrier: The Russian Advance towards the Muslim World London : Hurst . See Marie Bennigsen Broxup, “The Last Ghazawat: The 1920–1921 Uprising,” in
- Ibid.
- Ironically, the Congress failed to attract attention from the local press.
- 14 May 1989 . Dagestanskaya Pravda 14 May ,
- Preston , R. 2001 . “Islam in Russia under the Federal Law on Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Associations: Official Tolerance in an Intolerant Society,” . In Brigham Young University Law Review See, No. 2. pp.773–815.
- Kisriev . “Factors of Stability in Dagestan: Russia and Islamic World.”
- Ibid.
- 11 August 2000 . Novoye Delo 11 August , From a report on statistics released by the Republic of Dagestan's Committee on Religion in, 32
- Kisriev and Ware . 1999 . “Political Stability and Ethnic Parity: Why Is There Peace in Dagestan,” in ” . In Ethnopolitical Identity, Economic Incentives and Regional Separatism in Post-Soviet Russia Edited by: Alexseev , M. New York : St Martin's Press . See
- 1999 . “Socio-economic Situation in the Republic of Dagestan: 1999,” Dagestan State Committee on Statistics, Mahachkala, See Kisriev and Ware, “Conflict and Catharsis.”
- Zalimkhanov , Z. and Khanbabayev , K. 2000 . Politicization of Islam in the North Caucasus: Based on the Example of Dagestan and Chechnya 51 (Machakala, p.
- Kisriev , E. , Patzelt , Werner J. , Roericht , Ute and Ware , R. B. 2003 . “Political Islam in Dagestan,” . Europe-Asia Studies , 55 March See, No. 2
- Ibid.
- The monitoring surveys were conducted under the auspices of the Dagestan Bureau of Statistics and with partial funding from Southern Illinois University—Edwardsville.
- Kisriev , Patzelt , Roericht and Ware . See “Political Islam in Dagestan.”
- 14 March 1997 . Molodezh Dagestana 14 March , 10
- 13 April 1997 . Molodezh Dagestana 13 April , 4
- Matveeva , Anna . “The Impact of Instability in Chechnya on Dagestan,” . Caspian Crossroads , 3 No. 3.
- Ibid.
- As observed by Kisriev.
- Molodezh Dagestana , 16 19 Dagestanskaya Pravda, 16 May 1997; May 1997;Novoe Delo, 16, 20 May 1997.
- 26 December 1997 . Novoe Delo Vol. 51 , 26 December ,
- 26 May 1998 . Dagestanskaya Pravda 26 May ,
- Kisriev and Ware . “The Islamic Factor in Dagestan”; ” . In idem “Conflict and Catharsis;” Kisriev, “Confrontations in the Settlement of Chabanmakhi,” Bulletin of the Network of the Ethnologic Monitoring and Early Warning of Conflicts, May 1997; idem, “Islam on Dagestan's Political Scene;” idem, “Islam as Political Factor in Dagestan;” idem, “Factors of Stability in Dagestan: Russia and Islamic World.”
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Kisriev . May 1997 . “Confrontations in the Settlement of Chabanmakhi,” . In Bulletin of the Network of the Ethnologic Monitoring and Early Warning of Conflicts May ,
- The prosperity of the villages was due, in part, to a successful tradition in the trucking and transportation industry. Dargins, whose culture traditionally stresses wealth, are known in Dagestan for their fine metalwork.
- Kozhayeva , E. 23 April 1999 . “Veynaks [Chechens] and Us.” . In Molodezh Dagestana 23 April ,
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Khattab . was reported to have been killed by Russian security services in April 2002. His first names were long a topic of ambiguity, speculation, and controversy. In Dagestan he was commonly referred to as Emir al Khattab, and we have simply followed that convention.
- Kozhayeva, “Veynaks [Chechens] and Us.”
- 23 April 1999 . Novoe Delo 23 April , 17
- Ibid.
- All references and citations regarding the law “On the Prohibition of Wahabite and Other Extremist Activity on the Territory of the Republic of Dagestan” are from a copy of the legislation in Kisriev's possession.
- Despite its previous veneer of religious neutrality, the Dagestani government has always favored the Islamic traditionalists.
- See below. In the early 1990s, there were efforts to establish separate ethnic DUMs, though these have not endured and there is presently none in existence.
- The mufti was an Avar named Abubakarov.
- 19 July 2000 . 19 July , Report of Magomed-Salikh Gusaev prepared for the meeting of the State Council of Dagestan on in the personal possession of Kisriev, Department of Sociology, Dagestan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science. All of the quotes in this discussion stem from this report.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Kisriev . 2001 . “Factors of Stability in Dagestan: Russia and Islamic World,” . Bulletin of Referential and Analytical Information , 7 No. 109
- Ibid.
- 27 May 2000 . Dagestanskaya Pravda 27 May ,
- 17 August 2000 . Dagestanskaya Pravda 17 August ,
- Evidently Magdigadzhiev is threatening further violence and suggesting that extralegal measures might be taken.
- 17 August 2000 . Dagestanskaya Pravda 17 August ,
- See note 44.
- 17 August 2000 . Dagestanskaya Pravda 17 August ,
- 1999 . The Forum for Early Warning and Early Response (FEWER) is an independent consortium of intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and academic institutions that aims to provide decision-making individuals and organizations with analytical information regarding the early prevention of conflict and crisis situations, as well as with political recommendations concerning early response. FEWER was founded in September 1996 and established a permanent Secretariat in London in June 1997. It is financed by the governments of Canada, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, as well as by independent funding, but it does not accept funding from governments with permanent representation on the Security Council of the United Nations. EAWARN is the Network of Early Warning and Ethnological Monitoring of Conflicts in the Former Soviet Union. This was a joint project of the Cambridge (MA) Conflict Management Group and the Moscow Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, funded by the Carnegie Corporation for six years. The project connected electronically over 35 experts and scholars in the former Soviet Union for regular monitoring and analysis of ethnopolitical developments. Carnegie terminated the project in EAWARN was the predecessor and regular affiliate of FEWER.
- In fact, it was much earlier.
- Fitna is a revolt, distinct from gazzawat, or holy war against infidels. Fitna is unacceptable for a Muslim, but gazzawat guarantees paradise.
- 2000 . Assalam: The Newspaper of the Spiritual Directorate of the Muslims of Dagestan The same interview was published in the official newspaper of the DUMD, No. 15
- Ibid.