The birth of corruption and the politics of anti-corruption in Albania, 1991–2005

References

• Akademia e Shkencave të Republikës Popullore të Shqipërisë 1980. Fjalor i Gjuhës së Sotme Shqipe (Dictionary of Current Albanian Language), Tirana: Instituti i Gjuhësise dhe Letërsisë.
   Google Scholar
• Alimëhilli, Tonin. 1994. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 22 September
   Google Scholar
• Anti-corruption Network for Transition Economies 2005. International Cooperation to Fight Corruption in Southeastern Europe: Achievements, Lessons Learned, And Future Challenges, Paris: Anticorruption Network For Transition Economies.
   Google Scholar
• Apostoli, Gaqo. 1994. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 31 March
   Google Scholar
• Berisha, Sali. 1999a. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 9 September
   Google Scholar
• Berisha, Sali. 1999b. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 28 October
   Google Scholar
• Bezemer, Dirk. 2006. “Growth but Not Development: The Ponzi Economy and its Lessons.” In On Eagle‘s Wings: The Albanian Economy in Transition, edited by D. Bezemer, 17–33. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Çela, Blerim. 1993. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 17 November
   Google Scholar
• Çela, Blerim. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 9 March
   Google Scholar
• CIA 2011. , Country Comparison: Distribution of Family Income – Gini Index, The CIA Worldfactbook, Accessed April 20, 2011. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html?countryName=Albania&countryCode=al&regionCode=eu&rank=126#al
   Google Scholar
• Council of Europe 2009. Project Against Corruption in Albania (PACA), Strasbourg and Tirana: Council of Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Council of Ministers 1998. Combating Corruption in Albania: A Comprehensive Reform Program, Republic of Albania: Council of Ministers.
   Google Scholar
• Dobjani, Emir. 2002. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 25 March
   Google Scholar
• Dokle, Namik. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 8 March
   Google Scholar
• European Commission 2005. Albania: Progress Report 2005., , Brussels, 9 November
   Google Scholar
• Fuga, Artan. 2003. Majtas Jo Djathtas, Tirana: Ora.
   Google Scholar
• Gjordeni, Sotiraq. 1991. ‘Një Analizë më të thellë për të korruptuarit.” Zöri i Popullit, June 18, p. 1
   Google Scholar
• GRECO 2002. First Evaluation Round: Evaluation Report on Albania, Strasbourg: Group of States Against Corruption. 12 December
   Google Scholar
• Hoxha, Artan. 1992. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 2 July
   Google Scholar
• IDRA 2008. Corruption in Albania: Perception and Experience, Summary Findings, 24 Tirana: Institute for Development and Research Alternatives.
   Google Scholar
• Kacaj, Dodë. 1991. “Për vete Bllokun për popullin Burgun.” Rilindja Demokratike, August 3, p. 5
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann, Daniel, Randi Ryterman, Pablo Zoido-Lobaton, Zef Preci, and Auron Pasha. 1998. “Governance and Corruption in Albania: Current Problem for Institutional Reforms.” Ekonomia dhe Tranzicioni (Economy and Transition), 17 (3): 5–11.
   Google Scholar
• Keko, Teodor. 1992. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 2 September
   Google Scholar
• Keko, Teodor. 1993. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 17 November
   Google Scholar
• Kërçuku, Mustafa. 1997. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 19 November
   Google Scholar
• Klosi, Blendi. 2002. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, 3019–20. Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament, pp. 3019–20.
   Google Scholar
• Koçi, Bashkim. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 16 March
   Google Scholar
• Kotkin, Stephen, and Andrea Sajo, eds. 2002. Political Corruption in Transition: A Skeptic's Handbook, 1–21. Budapest and New Yourk: CEU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kondi, Thimio. 1999. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 24 March
   Google Scholar
• Laço, Teodor. 1992. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 1 July
   Google Scholar
• Law No. 7495 1991. “On the Organisation of the National Intelligence Service”.” , Article 1, Tirana, 2 July
   Google Scholar
• Law No. 7553 1992. “On Some Changes to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania”.” , Tirana, 4 February
   Google Scholar
• Law No. 7658 1993. “On a Change in the Criminal Code Approved By the Law No 5591, Dated 15 June, 1977”.” , Tirana, 11 January, Article 1
   Google Scholar
• Law No. 9275 2004. “Për Disa Shtesa dhe Ndryshime në Ligjin Nr 7895, Date 27.01.1995, ‘Kodi Penal i Republikës së Shqipërisë’, i Ndryshuar”.” , Tirana, September 16
   Google Scholar
• Legisi, Ndre. 2001. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 6 March
   Google Scholar
• Majko, Pandeli. 2002. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 19 February
   Google Scholar
• Malaj, Arben. 2009. Personal Interview, , . Tirana, 2 September
   Google Scholar
• Mathisen, W. Harald. 2005. Donor Roles in Face of Endemic Corruption – Albania in the Policy Debate, , . Norway: U4
   Google Scholar
• Meksi, Aleksandër. 1992. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 18 April
   Google Scholar
• Meksi, Aleksandër. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 2 February
   Google Scholar
• Miller, W., Å. Grødeland, and T. Koshechkin. eds. 2001. A Culture of Corruption? Coping with Government in Post-Communist Europe. Budapest: CEU Press
   Google Scholar
• Mungiu, Alina. 2006. “Corruption: Diagnosis and Treatement.” Journal of Democracy, 17 (3): 86–99. doi: 10.1353/jod.2006.0050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musaraj, Smoki. 2008. “Pikëpyetje Antropologjike Mbi Korrupsionin”.” Polis 6: 4–14
   Google Scholar
• Myftari, Esat. 1991. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 1 July
   Google Scholar
• Nano, Fatos. 2003. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 14 April
   Google Scholar
• Paloka, Alfred. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 16 March
   Google Scholar
• Pepa, Pjetër. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 18 January
   Google Scholar
• Presidential Decree 203 1992. , On the Declaration and Verification of Earned Profit (Për Deklarimin dhe Verifikimin e Fitimeve të Realizuara). Tirana, 5 June, 1992. Published in “Journal of Official Acts (Fletorja Zyrtare)” 3, p. 164
   Google Scholar
• Ruka, Et'hem. 1993. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 29 March
   Google Scholar
• SELDI 2002. Corruption Indexes: Regional corruption monitoring in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Romania and Yugoslavia. Southeast European Legal Development Initiative (SELDI), Sofia: Vitosha Research. Accessed July 16, 2011. http://www.seldi.net/SELDI_fin_e2.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Shamata, Halit. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 18 January
   Google Scholar
• Smilov, Daniel. 2009. “Anti-corruption Bodies as Discourse-controlling Instruments: Experience from South-east Europe.” In Governments, NGOs and Anti-Corruption: The New Integrity Warriors, edited by Luis De Sousa, Peter Larmour, and Barry Hindess, 85–101. Lonodon and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• SPAI 2001. Anti-corruption Measures in South-eastern Europe: Country Reviews and Priorities for Reform. Stability Pact Anti-corruption Initiative (SPAI) Steering Groups, Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Stefani, Andrea. 2000. “Kumti i luleve të ftohta të Marsit.” Revista XXL, October, cited in Albanistan, Tirana: Botimet Toena. p. 364.
   Google Scholar
• Teta, Perikli. 1995. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 2 February
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank 1997. Helping Countries Combat Corruption: The Role of the World Bank, Washington: The World Bank Group.
   Google Scholar
• Tisne, Martin, and Daniel Smilov. 2004. From the Ground Up: Assessing the Record of Anticorruption Assistance in Southeast Europe. Centre for Policy Studies, Budapest: Central European University.
   Google Scholar
• Topalli, Jozefina. 2003. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 17 February
   Google Scholar
• Torfing, Jacob. 2004. New Theories of Discourse: Laclau, Mouffe and Zizek, Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• UNODC. 2011. Corruption in Albania: Bribery as Experienced by the Population. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Accessed February 15, 2013. http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/corruption/Albania_corruption_report_2011_web_small.pdf
   Google Scholar
• USAID 1999. A Handbook on Fighting Corruption, Washington, DC: U.S. Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• USAID/Albania 2000. Albania Corruption Reduction Program: Scope of Work, Tirana: USAID/Albania.
   Google Scholar
• USAID/Albania 2003. “Parliament Passes Law Promoting Transparency in the Public Sector.” Online Newsletter, , , 2 November. Accessed September 24, 2012. http://albania.usaid.gov/shfaqart/138/49/Parliament_Passes_Law_Promoting_Transparency_in_Public_Sector.htm
   Google Scholar
• Vukaj, Shaqir. 1996. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 15 February
   Google Scholar
• Xhepa, Kurt. 1992. Albanian Parliamentary Proceedings, Tirana: Office of Publications, Albanian Parliament. 2 July
   Google Scholar