Publication Cover
Nationalities Papers
The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity
Volume 43, 2015 - Issue 6
616
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Language and education laws in multi-ethnic de facto states: the cases of Abkhazia and Transnistria

&
Pages 886-905 | Received 10 Sep 2014, Accepted 05 May 2015, Published online: 21 Oct 2015

References

  • Abaza TV. 2014. Zasedanie Parlamenta, December 22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkYsGyqE3Ao.
  • Apsnypress. 2011. “Chislennost’ Naselenia Abkhazii Sostavliaet 240,705 Chelovek.” Apsnypress.info, December 8.
  • Apsnypress. 2013. “2100 Mal'chikov i Devochek Poshli v Pervye Klassy v Abkhazii.” Apsnypress.info, September 2.
  • Avidzba, Aslan. 2003. “O Segodniashnem Dne I Problemakh Armianskikh Shkol Gagrskogo Raiona.” Respublika Abkhazia, April 25.
  • Beril, S. I., I. N. Galinskii, I. M. Blagodatskikh, and S. L. Raspopova, eds. 2010. Iazykovii Suverenitet v Kontekste Politicheskoi Sub'ektivnosti Samoopredelivshikhsia Gosudarstv. Tiraspol: Tsentr Sotsialnykh i Politicheskikh Issledovanii “Perspektiva” PGU im. T. G. Shevhcenko – Assotsiatsia Universitetov Samoopredelivshikhsia Gosudarstv.
  • Bilaniuk, Laada, and Svitlana Melnyk. 2008. “A Tense and Shifting Balance: Bilingualism and Education in Ukraine.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11 (3–4): 340–372. doi: 10.2167/beb543.0
  • Blakkisrud, Helge, and Pål Kolstø. 2011. “From Secessionist Conflict Toward a Functioning State: Processes of State- and Nation-Building in Transnistria.” Post-Soviet Affairs 27 (2): 178–210. doi: 10.2747/1060-586X.27.2.178
  • Blakkisrud, Helge, and Pål Kolstø. 2012. “Dynamics of de Facto Statehood: The South Caucasian de Facto States between Secession and Sovereignty.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 12 (2): 281–298. doi: 10.1080/14683857.2012.686013
  • Blauvelt, Timothy. 2007. “Abkhazia: Patronage and Power in the Stalin Era.” Nationalities Papers 35 (2): 203–232. doi: 10.1080/00905990701254318
  • Brubaker, Rogers. 1994. “Nationhood and the National Question in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Eurasia: An Institutionalist Account.” Theory and Society 23 (1): 47–78. doi: 10.1007/BF00993673
  • Bruchis, Michael. 1982. One Step Back, Two Steps Forward: On the Language Policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the National Republics: Moldavian, a Look Back, a Survey, and Perspectives, 1924–1980. Boulder, CO: Eastern European Monographs.
  • Chinn, Jeffrey. 1994. “The Politics of Language in Moldova.” Demokratizatsiya 2 (2): 309–315.
  • Ciscel, Matthew H. 2006. “A Separate Moldovan Language? The Sociolinguistics of Moldova's Limba de Stat.” Nationalities Papers 34 (5): 575–597. doi: 10.1080/00905990600952988
  • Ciscel, Matthew H. 2008. “Uneasy Compromise: Language and Education in Moldova.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11 (3–4): 373–95. doi: 10.2167/beb544.0
  • Clogg, Rachel. 2008. “The Politics of Identity in Post-Soviet Abkhazia: Managing Diversity and Unresolved Conflict.” Nationalities Papers 36 (2): 305–329. doi: 10.1080/00905990801934371
  • Cojocaru, Natalia, and Stela Suhan. 2005. “Stratagems in the Construction of the Transnistrian Identity.” Social Psychology 15: 119–134.
  • Cojocaru, Natalia, and Stela Suhan. 2006. “Transnistria: The Socio-Ideological Context of Invented Identities.” Transitions. La Moldavie: Entre Deux Mondes? 45 (2): 153–170.
  • Comai, Giorgio. 2011. “Abkhazia's Armenians, Multilingualism Is the Future.” Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso, November 30. http://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Regions-and-countries/Abkhazia/Abkhazia-s-Armenians-multilingualism-is-the-future-106982.
  • Comai, Giorgio. 2013. “Sovereignty Conflicts and Minority Protection: The Case of Abkhazia.” In Self-Determination and Sovereignty in Europe, from Historical Legacies to the EU External Role, edited by Stefano Bianchini, 163–182. Ravenna: Longo.
  • Cullen, Anthony, and Steven Wheatley. 2013. “The Human Rights of Individuals in De Facto Regimes under the European Convention on Human Rights.” Human Rights Law Review 13 (4): 691–728. doi: 10.1093/hrlr/ngt033
  • Curtea Constituţională. 2013. Hotărâre Privind Interpretarea Articolului 13 Alin. (1) Din Constituţie În Corelaţie Cu Preambulul Constituţiei Şi Declaraţia de Independenţă a Republicii Moldova. Curtea Constituţională, Sesizările nr. 8b/2013 şi 41b/2013, December 5.
  • Dale, Catherine. 1997. “The Dynamics and Challenges of Ethnic Cleansing: The Georgia–Abkhazia Case.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 16 (3): 77–109. doi: 10.1093/rsq/16.3.77
  • Dembinska, Magdalena, and Julien Danero Iglesias. 2013. “The Making of an Empty Moldovan Category within a Multiethnic Transnistrian Nation.” East European Politics & Societies 27 (3): 413–428. doi: 10.1177/0888325413484174
  • European Court of Human Rights. 2012. “Catan and Others Vs Moldova and Russia.” Grand Chamber Judgment, Strasbourg, October 19.
  • European Parliament. 2014. Right to Education in the Transnistrian Region. European Parliament resolution (2014/2552(RSP)), February 6.
  • Fadeeva, Svetlana Ivanovna. 2014. “Report of the Collegium of the Minister of Education of Transnistria.” February 18.
  • Fierman, William. 1998. “Language and Identity in Kazakhstan: Formulations in Policy Documents 1987–1997.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31 (2): 171–186. doi: 10.1016/S0967-067X(98)00005-1
  • Fierman, William. 2006. “Language and Education in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Kazakh-Medium Instruction in Urban Schools.” The Russian Review 65 (1): 98–116. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9434.2005.00388.x
  • Fruntaşu, Iulian. 2002. O Istorie Etnopolitică a Basarabiei: 1812–2002. Chişinău: Cartier.
  • Galbreath, David J. 2005. Nation-Building and Minority Politics in Post-Socialist States: Interests, Influence, and Identities in Estonia and Latvia. Stuttgart: Ibidem.
  • Giger, Markus, and Marián Sloboda. 2008. “Language Management and Language Problems in Belarus: Education and Beyond.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11 (3–4): 315–339. doi: 10.1080/13670050802148715
  • Goncharova, N., O. Dobroshtan, E. Luk'ianova, E. Omel'chenko, G. Sabirova, and E. Starkova. 2007. Molodezh Abkhazii: Shag v Budushchee. Sukhumi: NITs-Region.
  • Goujon, Alexandra. 1999. “Language, Nationalism, and Populism in Belarus.” Nationalities Papers 27 (4): 661–677. doi: 10.1080/009059999108885
  • Government of Transnistria. 2012. Ob Utverzhdenii Gosudarstvennoi Programmy “Uchebnik” Na 2013–2015, September 25.
  • Grecu, Mihai, and Anatol Ţaranu. 2005. Politica de Epurare Lingvistică În Transnistria. Chişinău: ULIM.
  • Grenoble, Lenore A. 2003. Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Gribincea, Argentina. 2004. Politica de moldovenizare în RASS Moldovenească: culegere de documente şi materiale. Chişinău: Civitas.
  • Hammarberg, Thomas. 2013. “Report on Human Rights in the Transnistrian Region of the Republic of Moldova.” United Nations, February 14.
  • Hewitt, George. 1998. “Language.” In The Abkhazians, edited by George Hewitt, 167–175. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.
  • Human Rights Watch. 2011. Living in Limbo: The Rights of Ethnic Georgian Returnees to the Gali District of Abkhazia. Edited by Giorgi Gogia. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.
  • International Crisis Group. 2006. Abkhazia Today. Crisis Group Europe Report N°176, 15 September.
  • International Crisis Group. 2010. Abkhazia: Deepening Dependence. Crisis Group Europe Report N°202, February 26.
  • Ioanidi, N. N. 1990. Greki v Abkhazii. Sukhumi: Alashara.
  • Jones, Stephen F. 1995. “The Georgian Language State Program and Its Implications.” Nationalities Papers 23 (3): 535–548. doi: 10.1080/00905999508408401
  • King, Charles. 1994. “Moldovan Identity and the Politics of Pan-Romanianism.” Slavic Review 53 (2): 345–368. doi: 10.2307/2501297
  • King, Charles. 1998. “Ethnicity and Institutional Reform: The Dynamics of ‘indigenization’ in the Moldovan ASSR.” Nationalities Papers 26 (1): 57–72. doi: 10.1080/00905999808408550
  • Kolstø, Pål, and Helge Blakkisrud. 2013. “Yielding to the Sons of the Soil: Abkhazian Democracy and the Marginalization of the Armenian Vote.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (12): 2075–2095. doi:10.1080/01419870.2012.675079.
  • Kuchuberia, Andzhela. 2010. “Knuth Vollebek Is Concerned of Georgian Schools in Abkhazia.” Caucasian Knot, February 3. http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/12384/.
  • Kuraskua, V. B. 1971. “Stanovlenie i Razvitie Abkhaskoi Natsional'noi Shkoly v Sovetskoi Abkhazii (1921–1958 gg.).” PhD Diss., Moscow: Akademia pedagogicheskikh nauk SSSR.
  • Kvitsinia, M. 2014. “S 1 Sentiabria v Shkolakh Stolitsy Budut Otmeneny Roditel'skie Sbory.” Akua Sukhum – Gazeta Administratsii i Sobrania G. Sukhum, February 1. http://aizara-sukhum.org/gazety/A_S_3_2014.pdf.
  • Laitin, David D. 1993. “The Game Theory of Language Regimes.” International Political Science Review 14 (3): 227–239. doi: 10.1177/019251219301400302
  • Laitin, David D. 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Muntean, Anatolie, and Nicolae Ciubotaru. 2004. Românii de la Est. Războiul de pe Nistru: 1990–1992. Bucureşti: Ed. Ager-Economistul.
  • Muth, Sebastian. 2014. “War, Language Removal and Self-Identification in the Linguistic Landscapes of Nagorno-Karabakh.” Nationalities Papers 42 (1): 63–87. doi: 10.1080/00905992.2013.856394
  • Negru, Elena. 2003. Politica etnoculturală în R.A.S.S. Moldovenească: 1924–1940. Chişinău: Prut Internaţional.
  • Ó Beacháin, Donnacha. 2012. “The Dynamics of Electoral Politics in Abkhazia.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45 (1–2): 165–174. doi: 10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.03.008
  • Ó Beacháin, Donnacha, and Rob Kevlihan. 2013. “Threading a Needle: Kazakhstan between Civic and Ethno-Nationalist State-Building.” Nations and Nationalism 19 (2): 337–356. doi: 10.1111/nana.12022
  • Oldrich, Andrysek, and Mihai Grecu. 2003. “Unworthy Partner: The Schools Issue as an Example of Human Rights Abuses in Transdniestria.” Helsinki Monitor 14: 101–116. doi: 10.1163/157181403100377354
  • OSCE. 2012. The Moldovan-Administered Latin-Script Schools in Transdniestria. Chişinău: OSCE Mission to Moldova and OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities.
  • Ozolins, Uldis. 2003. “The Impact of European Accession upon Language Policy in the Baltic States.” Language Policy 2 (3): 217–238. doi: 10.1023/A:1027320716791
  • Pavlenko, Aneta. 2006. “Russian as Lingua Franca.” Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 26: 78–99. doi: 10.1017/S0267190506000055
  • Pavlenko, Aneta. 2008a. “Multilingualism in Post-Soviet Countries: Language Revival, Language Removal, and Sociolinguistic Theory.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11 (3–4): 275–314. doi: 10.1080/13670050802271517
  • Pavlenko, Aneta. 2008b. “Russian in post-Soviet countries.” Russian Linguistics 32 (1): 59–80. doi: 10.1007/s11185-007-9020-1
  • Polese, Abel. 2010. “The Formal and the Informal: Exploring ‘Ukrainian’ Education in Ukraine, Scenes from Odessa.” Comparative Education 46 (1): 47–62. doi: 10.1080/03050060903538673
  • Potier, Tim. 2001. Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
  • Prisac, Iulia. 2005. “The Republic of Moldova in Search of a New Formula of Cultural Diversity.” In The Challenges of Multiculturalism in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by Sandu Frunză, Nicu Gavriluță and Michael S. Jones, 174–180. Cluj Napoca: Editura Provopress.
  • SaferWorld, and Institute for Democracy. 2011. Isolation and Opportunity in Eastern Abkhazia – A Survey of Community Security, March.
  • Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. 1994. “Linguistic Human Rights in Education. Language Policy in the Baltic States.” Conference papers. Riga: Gara pupa.
  • Tarba, B.G. 1970. Leninskaia natsional'naia politika i bilingvizm u abkhazov. Sukhumi: Alashara.
  • Transnistria Bureau of Statistics. 2013. Statisticheskii Ezhegodnik PMR 2013. Tiraspol: Transnistria Bureau of Statistics.
  • Transnistria Ministry of Education. 2011. “Obespechenie Konstitutsionnyikh Prav Grazhdan Na Poluchenie Obrazovania Na Rodnom Yazyke v Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respublike.” Accessed October 26, 2013. http://www.minpros.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=815&Itemid=1.
  • Trier, Tom, Hedvig Lohm, and David Szakonyi. 2010. Under Siege: Inter-Ethnic Relations in Abkhazia. London: Hurst & Co.
  • TV PMR. 2014. Moldova i Pridnestrov'e Budut Reshat’ Problemy v Sfere Obrazovania, March 18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7vCJeqv8tU.
  • Ulasiuk, Iryna. 2011. “Language Policies and Law in Education in Post-Soviet Belarus.” European Center for Minority Issues Working Papers 50.
  • Van Meurs, Wim. 1998. “Carving a Moldavian Identity Out of History.” Nationalities Papers 26 (1): 39–56. doi: 10.1080/00905999808408549
  • Vaux, Bert. 2007. “Homshetsma, the Language of the Armenians of Hamshen.” In The Hemshin. History, Society and Identity in the Highlands of Northeast Turkey, edited by Hovann Simonian, 257–278. London: Routledge.
  • Waters, Christopher. 2006. “Law in Places That Don't Exist.” Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 34: 401–423.
  • Wheatley, Jonathan. 2009. “Georgia and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.” European Center for Minority Issues Working Papers 42.
  • Zamyatin, Konstantin. 2012. “The Education Reform in Russia and Its Impact on Teaching of the Minority Languages: An Effect of Nation-Building?” Journal on Ethnopolitics & Minority Issues in Europe 11 (1): 17–47.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.