Publication Cover
Nationalities Papers
The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity
Volume 44, 2016 - Issue 4
537
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The unfinished business of perestroika: Latvia's memory politics and its quest for acknowledgment of victimhood in Europe

Pages 560-577 | Received 26 Feb 2015, Accepted 22 Aug 2015, Published online: 08 Mar 2016

References

  • Assmann, Aleida. 2016. Shadows of Trauma. Memory and the Politics of Postwar Identity. New York: Fordham University Press.
  • Assmann, Jan. 2011. Cultural Memory and Early Civilization. Writing Remembrance and Political Imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barth, Boris. 2006. Genozid. Völkermord im 20. Jahrhundert [Genocide in the 20th Century]. Munich: Beck.
  • Bell, Christine. 2009. “Transitional Justice, Interdisciplinarity and the State of the ‘Field’ or ‘Non-Field’.” The International Journal of Transitional Justice 3: 5–27. doi: 10.1093/ijtj/ijn044
  • Bleiere, Daina, Ilgvars Butulis, Inesis Feldmanis, Aivars Stranga, and Antonijs Zunda. 2006. History of Latvia. The 20th Century. Riga: Jumava.
  • Brüggemann, Karsten. 2011. “Estland und das Ende der Sowjetunion: Der Hitler-Stalin-Pakt als baltischer Erinnerungsort für die ‘Singende Revolution’?” [Estonia and the End of the Soviet Union. The Hitler-Stalin Pact as a Site of Memory for the ‘Singing Revolution’?]. In Hitler Stalin Pakt 1939 in den Erinnerungskulturen der Europäer [The Hitler Stalin Pact in the European Commemoration Cultures], edited by Anna Kaminsky, Dietmar Müller, and Stefan Troebst, 155–173. Göttingen: Wallstein.
  • Cianetti, Licia. 2014. “Granting Local Voting Rights to Non-Citizens in Estonia and Latvia: The Conundrum of Minority Representation in Two Divided Democracies.” Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 13 (1): 86–112. http://www.ecmi.de/fileadmin/downloads/publications/JEMIE/2014/Cianetti.pdf.
  • Denis, Solvita. 2008. “The Story with History.” In Manufacturing Enemy Images? Russian Media Portrayal of Latvia, edited by Nils Muižnieks, 79–107. Riga: Academic Press of the University of Latvia.
  • Dorodnova, Jekatarina. 2003. “Challenging Ethnic Democracy. Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Latvia 1993–2001.” Centre for OSCE Research Working Paper 10. http://ifsh.de/file-CORE/documents/CORE_Working_Paper_10.pdf.
  • ECtHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2004. Case of Farbtuhs v. Latvia. Application no. 4672/02.
  • ECtHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2010. Case of Kononov v. Latvia. Application no. 36376/04.
  • European Parliament. 2008. “Declaration of the European Parliament on the Proclamation of 23 August as European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism.” P6_TA(2008)0439. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?reference=P6_TA(2008)0439&language=EN.
  • European Parliament. 2009. “European Conscience and Totalitarianism.” http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+CRE+20090325+ITEM-010+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN.
  • Gardner Feldman, Lily. 2012. Germany's Foreign Policy of Reconciliation. From Enmity to Amity. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Garton Ash, Timothy. 2004. “Trials, Purges and History Lessons: Treating a Difficult Past in Post-Communist Europe.” In Memory and Politics in Post-War Europe, edited by Jan-Werner Müller, 265–282. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Grigas, Agnia. 2013. The Politics of Energy and Memory Between the Baltic States and Russia. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
  • Grover, Sonja C. 2010. The European Court of Human Rights as a Pathway to Impunity for International Crimes. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Gruzina, Ieva. 2011. “Relationship Between History and a Sense of Belonging. Russian Speaking Minority Integration in Latvia.” CEU Political Science Journal 6 (3): 397–432.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric. 1983. “Introduction: Inventing Traditions.” In The Invention of Tradition, edited by Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, 1–14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huyssen, Andreas. 2003. Present Pasts. Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Judgement. 1996. “Judgement of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Latvia Concerning Genocide.” In Baltic Yearbook of International Law 1 (2001), edited by Ineta Ziemele, 261–299. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
  • Judt, Tony. 2004. “The Past is Another Country: Myth and Memory in Post-War Europe.” In Memory and Power in Post-War Europe, edited by Jan-Werner Müller, 157–183. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kalniete, Sandra. 2004. “Altes Europa, Neues Europa” [Old Europe, New Europe]. Speech at the Leipzig Book Fair. http://jungefreiheit.de/service/archiv/?www.jf-archiv.de/archiv04/154yy21.htm.
  • Kaprāns, Mārtiņš, and Vita Zelče. 2011. “Identiāte, sociālā atmiņa un kultūras trauma” [Identity, social memory and cultural trauma]. In Pēdējais karš. Atmiņa un traumas komunikācija [The Last War. The Communication of Memory and Trauma], edited by Mārtiņš Kaprāns and Vita Zelče, 12–27. Riga: Mansards.
  • Kelertas, Violeta. Ed. 2006. Baltic Postcolonialism. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Laizāne, Māra, Aivita Putniņa, and Ilze Mileiko. 2015. Mazākumtautību skolu skolēnu identitāte un piederība Latvijai. [The Identity of Students at Minority Schools and their Belonging to Latvia. A Research Report]. Riga: Pētījuma ziņojums.
  • Lasas, Ainius. 2007. “Bloody Sunday. What Did Gorbachev Know about the January 1991 Events in Vilnius and Riga?” Journal of Baltic Studies 38 (2): 179–194. doi: 10.1080/01629770701345099
  • Lieven, Anatol. 1993. The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Ločmele, Klinta, Olga Procevska, and Vita Zelče. 2011. “8./9. Maijs Latvijā” [May 8 and 9 in Latvia]. In Karojoša Piemiņa. 16. Marts un 9. Maijs [Conflicting Commemoration. March 16 and May 9], edited by Nils Muižnieks and Vita Zelče, 238–274. Riga: Zinātne.
  • Mälksoo, Lauri. 2001. “Soviet Genocide? Communist Mass Deportations in the Baltic States and International Law.” Leiden Journal of International Law 14 (4): 757–787.
  • Mälksoo, Lauri. 2011. “Kononov v. Latvia.” The American Journal of International Law 105 (1): 101–108. doi: 10.5305/amerjintelaw.105.1.0101
  • Mednis, Imants. 2007. Partiju Laiki Latvijā (1988–2002) [The Era of Parties in Latvia (1988–2002)]. Riga: Drukākava.
  • Mikko, Marianne, Christopher Beazley, Inese Vaidere, Zita Gurmai, and Alexander Alvaro. 2008. “Written Declaration On the Proclamation of 23 August as European Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Stalinism and Nazism.” http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+WDECL+P6-DCL-2008–0044+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&language=EN.
  • Muižnieks, Nils. Ed. 2008. Manufacturing Enemy Images? Russian Media Portrayal of Latvia. Riga: Academic Press of the University of Latvia.
  • Müller, Jan-Werner. 2004. “Introduction: The Power of Memory, The Memory of Power and the Power Over Memory.” In Memory and Power in Post-War Europe, edited by Jan-Werner Müller, 1–35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Oberländer, Erwin. 2011. “Soviet Genocide in Latvia? Conflicting Cultures of Remembrance of Stalin's Policy, 1940–1953.” In Forgotten Pages in Baltic History: Diversity and Inclusion, edited by Martyn Housden and David J. Smith, 239–261. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Onken, Eva Clarita. 2007. “The Baltic States and Moscow's 9 May Commemoration: Analysing Memory Politics in Europe.” Europe Asia Studies 59 (1): 23–46. doi: 10.1080/09668130601072589
  • Pettai, Eva-Clarita, and Vello Pettai. 2015. Transitional and Retrospective Justice in the Baltic States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Prague Declaration. 2008. http://www.praguedeclaration.eu.
  • Putin Meeting with Young Academics and History Teachers. 2014. http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/23185.
  • Riekstiņš, Jānis. 2007a. “1941. gada 14. jūnija deportācija Latvijā” [The Deportations of June 14, 1941 in Latvia]. In 1941. gada 14. jūnija deportācija – noziegums pret cilvēci/ Deportation of 14 June 1941 – Crime Against Humanity (Symposium of the Commission of the Historians of Latvia Vol. 6), edited by Māra Brence and Dzintars Ērglis, 21–34. Riga: Latvijas Vēstures Institūta apgāds.
  • Riekstiņš, Jānis. 2007b. “The Deportation of March 25, 1949 in Latvia.” In Aizvestie. 1949. gada 25 marts [Displaced. March 25, 1949], Vol. 1, edited by Guna Pence, 33–57. Riga: Latvijas Valsts Archīvs.
  • Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. 1996. “Declaration on the Occupation of Latvia.” In Policy of Occupation Powers in Latvia 1939–1941. A collection of documents, edited by Elmārs Pelkaus, 563–564. Riga: Nordik.
  • Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. 2005. “Declaration on the Condemnation of the Totalitarian Communist Occupation Regime.” http://www.saeima.lv/Lapas/Deklaracija_an.htm.
  • Scherrer, Jutta. 2011. “Der Molotow-Ribbentrop-Pakt – (k)ein Thema der russischen Öffentlichkeit und Schule?” [The Molotov-Ribbentrop-Pact – no topic in Russian public and schools?]. In Hitler Stalin Pakt 1939 in den Erinnerungskulturen der Europäer [The Hitler Stalin Pact in the European Commemoration Cultures], edited by Anna Kaminsky, Dietmar Müller, and Stefan Troebst, 155–173. Göttingen: Wallstein.
  • Strods, Heinrihs. 2000. “Brūnais genocīds un sarkanais genocīds Baltijā 1940–1990. Kopīgais un atšķerīgais” [Brown genocide and red genocide in the Baltics 1940–1990. Similarities and Differences]. Latvijas Vēsture 19 (4): 37–41.
  • Teitel, Ruti. 2000. Transitional Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • The Seventy Years Declaration. 2012. http://www.seventyyearsdeclaration.org/the-declaration /.
  • Troebst, Stefan. 2005. “Jalta versus Stalingrad, GULag versus Holocaust. Konfligierende Erinnerungskulturen im östlichen Europa” [Yalta v. Stalingrad, GULag v. Holocaust. Diverging Cultures of Memory in Eastern Europe]. Berliner Journal für Soziologie 15 (3): 381–400. doi: 10.1007/s11609-005-0206-3
  • Urdze, Andrejs. 1997. Die Aufarbeitung der kommunistischen Vergangenheit in Lettland [Coming to Terms with the Communist Past in Latvia]. Cologne: Berichte des BIOst.
  • Vīķe-Freiberga, Vaira. 2005. “Declaration Regarding May 9, 2005.” In Latvia and the End of the Second World War in Europe. Commemorating the 60th Anniversary of the Nazi Capitulation, edited by Andris Caune, Antonijs Zunda, and Andrejs Pildegoviçs, 20–23. Riga: Latvijas Vēstures Institūta Apgāds.
  • Wertsch, James V. 2008. “Collective Memory and Narrative Templates.” Social Research: An International Quarterly 75 (1): 133–156.
  • Wezel, Katja. 2011. “Lettland und der 23. August 1939. Vom „weißen Fleck“ der sowjetischen Geschichtsschreibung zum transnationalen Gedenktag?” [Latvia and August 23, 1939. From a White Spot of Soviet history to a Transnational Day of Commemoration?]. In Hitler Stalin Pakt 1939 in den Erinnerungskulturen der Europäer [The Hitler Stalin Pact in the European Commemoration Cultures], edited by Anna Kaminsky, Dietmar Müller and Stefan Troebst, 309–325. Göttingen: Wallstein.
  • Wolfrum, Edgar. 1999. Geschichtspolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Der Weg zur bundesrepublikanischen Erinnerung 1948–1990 [History Politics in the Federal Republic of Germany. The Path to the Federal Republican Memory 1948–1990]. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
  • Zālite, Indulis, and Sindija Dimante. 1998. “Četredesmito gadu deportācijas. Struktūranalīze” [A Structural Analysis of the Deportations in the 1940s]. Latvijas Vēsture 30 (2): 73–82.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.