The rebirth of Chinggis Khaan: state appropriation of Chinggis Khaan in post-socialist Mongolia

References

• Bat-Uul, Erdene. 2012. В.И.Лениний хөшөөг буулгалаа [V.I. Lenin Statue Is Removed], October 12. Accessed May 23, 2017. http://news.gogo.mn/r/112413.
   Google Scholar
• Billé, Franck. 2016. Sinophobia: Anxiety, Violence, and the Making of Mongolian Identity. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
   Google Scholar
• Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Boldbaatar, Jigjid. 1999. “The Eight-Hundredth Anniversary of Chinggis Khan: The Revival and Suppression of Mongolian National Consciousness.” In Mongolia in the Twentieth Century: Landlocked Cosmopolitan, edited by Stephen Kotkin and Bruce A. Elleman, 237–246. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.
   Google Scholar
• Bulag, Urdyn E. 1998. Nationalism and Hybridity in Mongolia. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bulag, Urdyn E. 2010. Collaborative Nationalism: The Politics of Friendship on China’s Mongolian Frontier. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Busteed, Mervyn Austen. 2009. “Historical Geography of Nationalism.” In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, edited by Rob Kitchin and Nigel Thrift, 255–260. Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee, Partha. 1986. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Constitution of Mongolia. 1992. “ Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.” Accessed May 23, 2017. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_protect/@protrav/@ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_117392.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. 1987. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Translated by Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, Alexander C., and Joshua Hagen. 2013. “City of Felt and Concrete: Negotiating Cultural Hybridity in Mongolia’s Capital of Ulaanbaatar.” Nationalities Papers 41 (4): 622–650. doi: 10.1080/00905992.2012.743513
   Google Scholar
• Duncan, James S. 1990. The City as Text: The Politics of Landscape Interpretation in the Kandyan Kingdom. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer, Owen J., and Derek H. Alderman. 2008. Civil Rights Memorials and the Geography of Memory. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Forest, Benjamin, and Juliet Johnson. 2002. “Unravelling the Threads of History: Soviet-Era Monuments and Post-Soviet National Identity in Moscow.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92: 524–547. doi: 10.1111/1467-8306.00303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish. New York: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 1980. “War in the Filigree of Peace Course Summary.” Oxford Literary Review 4 (2): 15–19. doi: 10.3366/olr.1980.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, Emily. 1999. “Forging a National Currency: Money, State-Making and Nationbuilding in Canada.” In Nation-States and Money: The Past, Present and Future of National Currencies, edited by Emily Gilbert and Eric Helleiner, 25–46. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Government Decree. 1991. Zasgiin gazryn zarlig (N348), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Government Decree. 1993. Zasgiin gazryn zarlig (N27), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Government Decree. 1997. Zasgiin gazryn zarlig (N115), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Government Decree. 2001. Zasgiin gazryn zarlig (N112), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Government Decree. 2005. Zasgiin gazryn zarlig (N 136), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, David. 1974. “What Kind of Geography for What Kind of Public Policy?” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 63: 18–24. doi: 10.2307/621527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hook, Derek. 2005. “Monumental Space and the Uncanny.” Geoforum 36 (6): 688–704. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.11.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey, Caroline, and David Sneath. 1999. The End of Nomadism? Society, State, and the Environment in Inner Asia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ippei, Shimamura. 2012. Chinggis Khaan henii baatar ve? [Whose Hero Is Chinggis Khaan?]. Ulaanbaatar: Admon.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplonski, Chris. 1993. “Collective Memory and Chingunjav’s Rebellion.” History and Anthropology 6 (2–3): 235–259. doi: 10.1080/02757206.1993.9960830
   Google Scholar
• Kaplonski, Chris. 2000. “The Role of the Mongols in Eurasian History: A Reassessment.” In Role of Migration in the History of the Eurasian Steppe: Sedentary Civilization vs. ‘Barbarian’ and Nomad, edited by Andrew Villen Bell, 251–274. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplonski, Chris. 2005. “The Case of the Disappearing Chinggis Khaan: Dismembering the Remembering.” Ab Imperio 4: 147–173. doi: 10.1353/imp.2005.0166
   Google Scholar
• Koch, Natalie. 2010. “The Monumental and the Miniature: Imagining ‘Modernity’ in Astana.” Social and Cultural Geography 11 (8): 769–787. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2010.521854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lkhamsuren, Munkh-Erdene. 2008. “Selling of Good Father’s Name: Legitimacy, Pride and Commodity, Commemoration of Chinggis Khaan.” Modern Mongolia Bulletin 24: 35–46.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenthal, David 1985. The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Man, John. 2007. Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection. London: Bantam Press.
   Google Scholar
• Man, John. 2010. The Leadership Secrets of Genghis Khan. London: Bantam Press.
   Google Scholar
• May, Timothy. 2007. The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System. Yardley, PA: Westholme.
   Google Scholar
• McDermott, Sinead. 2002. “Memory, Nostalgia, and Gender in a Thousand Acres.” Signs, Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28 (1): 389–407. doi: 10.1086/340916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, Peter, Colin Gordon, and Graham Burchell, eds. 1991. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Don. 1995. “There’s No Such Thing as Culture: Towards a Reconceptualization of the Idea of Culture in Geography.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 20: 102–116. doi: 10.2307/622727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myadar, Orhon. 2006. “Post-Soviet Transitions: Central Asia and Mongolia.” In Islam, Oil, and Geopolitics: Central Asia after September 11, edited by Elizabeth Davis and Rouben Azizian, 257–269. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Myadar, Orhon. 2011. “Imaginary Nomads: Deconstructing the Representation of Mongolia as a Land of Nomads.” Inner Asia 13 (2): 335–362. doi: 10.1163/000000011799297654
   Google Scholar
• Myadar, Orhon, and James Deshaw Rae. 2014. “Territorializing National Identity in Post-socialist Mongolia.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 55 (5): 560–577. doi: 10.1080/15387216.2015.1026918
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Audit Office. 2016. Ih ezen Chingis Khaan hoshoo, turiin yoslol, hundetgeliin hoshoo tsogtsolboriig barij baiguulahad usliin tusvuus 2006ond olgoson horongiin guitsetgel [Audit Report on the Expenditure of the 2006 State Budget Allocated to the Construction of the Chinggis Khaan Complex at the Government Palace]. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Penrose, Jan. 2011. “Designing the Nation. Banknotes, Banal Nationalism and Alternative Conceptions of the State.” Political Geography 30 (8): 429–440. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presidential Decree. 1991. Yeroenhiiloegchiin zarlig (N239), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Presidential Decree. 1997. Yeroenhiiloegchiin zarlig (N59), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Presidential Decree. 2001. Yeroenhiiloegchiin zarlig (N118), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Presidential Decree. 2007. Yeroenhiiloegchiin zarlig (N98), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Presidential Decree. 2012. Yeroenhiiloegchiin zarlig (N4), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
   Google Scholar
• Renan, Ernest. 1990. “ What Is a Nation?” (1882). In Ernest Renan, Qu’est-ce qu’une nation? Paris: Presses-Pocket, 1992. (Translated by Ethan Rundell). Accessed May 23, 2017. http://ucparis.fr/files/9313/6549/9943/What_is_a_Nation.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, Mitch. 2002. “Landscape and Labyrinths.” Geoforum 33 (4): 455–467. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7185(02)00030-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossabi, Morris. 2005. Modern Mongolia: From Commissars to Capitalists. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, Michael. 1992. Reading the Postmodern Polity: Political Theory as Textual Practice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sneath, David. 2007. The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, and Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sonin, 2013. Д. Сүхбаатарын хөшөө төв талбайд 90 гаруй жил болсны учир [Why Sukhbaatar's Statue Occupied the Central Square for over 90 Years?]. Accessed September 13, 2015. http://www.sonin.mn/news/politics-economy/20543.
   Google Scholar
• Spadavecchia, Jamian Ronca. 2014. “Nationalism, Pastoral Nomadism, and Political Risk to Natural Resource Investments in Mongolia: Case Studies of the Aluminum Corporation of China Limited (Chalco) and Rio Tinto.” Journal of Political Risk 2 (6).
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, Susan. 1984. On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Time. 1999. “ Millennium Top Ten.” December 31, 154 (27).
   Google Scholar
• Trubetzkoy, Nikolai Sergeevich, and Anatoly Liberman. 1997. “The Legacy of Genghis Khan and Other Essays on Russia’s Identity.” Studies in East European Thought 49 (1): 70–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Undesten. 2015. Иргэдийн 97% нь Сүхбаатарын талбайн нэрийг хуучнаар нь үлдээхийг дэмжлээ [97% of Citizens Supported Keeping Sukhbaatar Square’s Old Name]. http://undesten.mn/index.php?newsid=335.
   Google Scholar
• Weatherford, Jack. 2005. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York: Crown.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Raymond. 1982. The Sociology of Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zerjal, Tatiana, Yali Xue, Giorgio Bertorelle, R. Spencer Wells, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Raheel Qamar, et al. 2003. “The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols.” The American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (3): 717–721. doi: 10.1086/367774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar