The politics of language in KyrgyzstanFootnote*

I am indebted to Gul'nara Kyskaraeva and Scott Horton for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Research for this article was facilitated by funding from the Center for East‐West Trade, Investment, and Communications, Duke University.

Notes

• Pigolkin , Albert S. and Studenikina , Marina S. 1991 . “Republican Language Laws in the USSR: A Comparative Analysis,” . Journal of Soviet Nationalities , 2 ( 1 ) : 38 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Pool , Jonathan . 1992 . “Soviet Language Planning: Goals, Results, Options” . In The Soviet Nationality Reader: The Disintegration in Context , Edited by: Denber , Rachel . 333 – 339 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Usubaliev , T. U. 1979 . “On Some Questions of the Development of National Scripts and Languages and of Public Education,” . Soviet Sociology , 17 Spring : 31 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzhunushaliev , Dzh. 1990 . “Politika korenizatsii: opyt i problemy,” . Kommunist Kirgizstana , 1 : 69 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 8 February
   Google Scholar
• Usubaliev , T. U. 1977 . “O nekotorykh voprosakh razvitiia natsional'noi pis'mennosti, iazykovogo stroitel'stva i narodnogo prosveshcheniia” . In Druzhba narodov—nashe bestsennoe zavoevanie 169 – 213 . Moscow
   Google Scholar
• 1979 . Soviet Sociology , 17 Spring : 31 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlop , John . “Language, Culture, Religion, and Cultural Awareness” . In The Soviet Nationality Reader Edited by: Denber . 324
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 28 September
   Google Scholar
• Harris , Chauncy . 1993 . “The New Russian Minorities: A Statistical Overview,” . Post‐Soviet Geography , 34 ( 1 ) : 22
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 17 September
   Google Scholar
• Harris , Chauncy . “The New Russian Minorities...” . 19
   Google Scholar
• Guboglo , M. 1990 . “Demography and Language in the Capitals of the Union Republics,” . Journal of Soviet Nationalities , 1 ( 4 )
   Google Scholar
• Altay , Azamat . “Kirgiziya During the Great Purge,” . Central Asian Review , 12 ( 2 ) 97 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Masaliev , Absamat . 1993 . Stranitsy zhizni i bednoe nashe otechestvo 11 Bishkek
   Google Scholar
• Usubaliev , T. U. 1979 . “On Some Questions of the Development of National Scripts and Languages and of Public Education,” . Soviet Sociology , Spring : 68
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 3 October
   Google Scholar
• Laitin , David . 1992 . Language Repertoires and State Construction in Africa , 16 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 28 September
   Google Scholar
• Mambetaliev , K. 1990 . “Uvazhitel'noe gostepriimstvo—ili bratskoe sokhoziaistvovanie?” . Liter‐aturnyi Kirgizstan , 8 : 85
   Google Scholar
• Brown , Bess . 1987 . “Russian Journalist Calls for Russian‐Speakers in Kirgizia to Learn Kirgiz,” . Radio Liberty Research , 13 May
   Google Scholar
• 1987 . ‘"Nationalist Prejudices’ Cultivated by Kirghiz Social Scientists,” . Central Asian Newsletter , 6 ( 3 ) July : 13
   Google Scholar
• Sherimkulova , I. M. 1988 . Kommunist Kirgizstana , 7 : 19
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 9 June
   Google Scholar
• Asankanov , A. A. 1989 . Sotsial'no‐kul'tumoe razvitie sovremennogo kirgizskogo sel'skogo naseleniia 174 – 175 . Frunze
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 27 December
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . Vestnik statistiki , 4 : 76
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 28 September
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 16 September : 3
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 28 September
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . (Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 9 June
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 28 September
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta Kirgizskoi SSR , 17
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 29 September
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . “Viktor Zapol'skii: portrety bez ramok,” . Literaturnyi Kirgizstan , 3 : 90
   Google Scholar
• Hirschman , Albert . 1970 . Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 3 October
   Google Scholar
• Huskey , E. 1990 . “Government Rulemaking as a Brake on Perestroika,” . Law and Social Inquiry , 15 ( 3 ) : 419 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1990 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 5 December
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . (Res Publica , 15 May
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Nezavisimaia gazeta , 29 April
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . (Svobodnye gory , 9 February
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . (Vechernyi Bishkek , 9 June
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 2 October
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 12 October
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 12 July
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . Vechernyi Bishkek , 27 May
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 9 June
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Vechemyi Bishkek , 14 January
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Res Publica , 16 March
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . FBIS‐SOV] 92–190 , 30 September : 40
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . (Res Publica , 6 March
   Google Scholar
• Alianchikov , Aleksandr . 1992 . “Povroz’ druzhnee?” . Literaturnyi Kirgizstan , 11–12 : 138
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . Vechernyi Bishkek , 6 October
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . Vechernyi Bishkek , 27 May
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . Vechernyi Bishkek , 27 May
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Res Publica , 6 May
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . Slovo Kyrgyzstana , 13 December
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Res Publica , 15 May
   Google Scholar
• Midinova , Umutai . 1990 . “O ‘piknikakh,’ dlinnykh ocherediakh...,” . Literaturnyi Kirgizstan , 1 : 125 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . “Reports on Expulsion of Russians Denied,” . FBIS‐SOV , 92–058 25 March : 68
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Svobodnye gory , 9 February
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Vechemyi Bishkek , 2 March
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Res Publica , 15 May
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . “Akayev Policies, Personality Assessed,” . Literatumaia gazeta , 20 May : 11
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . FBIS‐USR , 92–063 29 May : 84
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . “President Akayev Criticizes Russocentric Press,” . Izvestiia , 23 March : 3
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . FBIS‐SOV , 92–058 25 March : 69
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . FBIS‐USR , 92–063 29 May : 84
   Google Scholar
• I am indebted to Gul'nara Kyskaraeva and Scott Horton for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Research for this article was facilitated by funding from the Center for East‐West Trade, Investment, and Communications, Duke University.
   Google Scholar