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Nationalities Papers
The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity
Volume 27, 1999 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

National awakening and national consciousness in Belarus

Pages 565-578 | Published online: 19 Aug 2010

References

  • Abetsedarskaya , E. L. 1997 . Istoriya Belarusi , 168 – 169 . Minsk : Ekoperspektiva . One historian states that the movement originated in the first quarter of the nineteenth century after the failure but under the influence of the Polish uprising against the Russian Empire in 1831. A similar upsurge of activity occurred during the Polish rebellion of 1863, but the major cultural activity dates from the 1890s around the Russian newspaper Minskiy listok and in the early twentieth century around the newspaper Nasha doIya (Vilna) and the first illustrated Belarusian newspaper, Nasha niva, the goal of which was the cultural and political awakening of the Belarusian people
  • Turuk , F. 1921 . Belorusskoe dvizhente: ocherk istorii natsional'nogo i revolyutsionnogo dvizhenie Belorussov , 7 – 21 . Moscow : Cos. izd-vo .
  • Platonov , Rostislav . 1993 . "Epidemiya zla" . Belaruskaya dumka , : 52 – 56 . and No. 2, 1993, pp. 64-68
  • Belarusian State University . 1997 . Faculty of History, Istoriya Belarusi 304 – 305 . Minsk
  • Marples , David R. 1994 . "Kuropaty: Investigation of a Stalinist Historical Controversy, " . Slavic Review , 53 ( 2 ) : 513 – 523 .
  • Turonek , Jerzy . 1995 . Bialorus pod okupacja Niemiecka , 115 Warsaw : WERS . The best account of these events is
  • Velichko , Vladimir . 1993 . "Istina-ne razmennaya moneta" . Belorusskaya niva, 8 June , : 2 – 3 . For a reflective analysis of Masherau, see
  • Aslezov , S. 1992 . "Chelovek iz budushchego: P. M. Masherov-legendy i byl" . Vo slavu rodinu , 13 May : 3 Despite popular myths, one author notes, it would be an error to regard Masherau as an oppositionist. He was on good terms with the Soviet leadership, including L.I. Brezhnev. However, this same writer believes, Belarus enjoyed a period of economic prosperity under Masherau's leadership, "Belarusian stores were better stocked than anywhere else in the [Soviet] Union."; and 14 May 1992, p. 2
  • Kharevsky , Vasiliy . 1990 . "Goroda navyrost': kak sovmestit' interesy predpriyatiy i lyudey?" . Kommunist Belorussii , : 42
  • Belarusian State University, Istoriya Belarusi, p. 389.
  • Kasperovich , G.I. 1985 . Migratsiya naseleniya v goroda i etnicheskie protsessy , 44 51 Minsk : Nauka i tekhnika .
  • State Committee for Statistics of the Belarusian SSR . 1990 . Narodnoe khozyaystvo Belorusskoy SSR v 1989g: statisticheskiy ezhegodnik 14 Minsk
  • Mikulich , T.M. 1996 . Mova i ethnichnaya samasvyadomasts , 82 Minsk : Navuka i tekhnika .
  • Pawluczuk , Wlodzimierz . 1996 . "Ruskie drogi" . Polityka , 20 November : 68 – 72 .
  • Marples , David R. 1996 . Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe , New York : St Martin's Press . The territories of present-day Belarus were incorporated into the Russian Empire fully by 1795. After the First World War, western Belarus (Brest, Hrodna, and about 50 of the current Minsk Oblast) were included in the restored Polish state. In September 1939, the Red Army invaded these regions and they were included in a "reunited" BSSR. Between 1944 and 1946, most of the Polish population was moved to Poland in a one-sided exchange of populations. The Bialystok region was detached from the BSSR and included in the new Polish state. The other territories annexed during the war were retained by Belarus. The Vilna region, ceded to Lithuania in 1939, was included in the Lithuanian SSR formed after the war
  • Poznyak , Zenon . 1994 . "O russkom imperializme i ego opasnosti" . Narodnaya hazeta , 15-17 January : 2 For a representative example of Paznyak's views on Russia, see
  • Mal'dis , Adam . 1989 . "Davayte, nakonets, zagovorim." . Kommunist Belorussii , : 74
  • Mikhnevich , A.E. 1985 . Russkiy yazyk v Belorussii , 18 Minsk : Nauka i tekhnika . Notably, also, there were no institutions of higher learning on Belarusian territories prior to 1914, other than the University of Wilno, which was closed after 1831
  • Guthier , Steven L. 1977 . "The Belorussians: National Identification and Assimilation, 1897-1970. Part 1: 1897-1939" . Soviet Studies , 29 ( 1 ) : 55
  • Ibid., p. 58.
  • Vakar , Nicholas P. 1968 . "The Belorussian People between Nationhood and Extinction" ” . In Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Union , Edited by: Goldhagen , Erich . 221 New York : Frederick A. Praeger .
  • Guthier , Steven L. 1977 . "The Belorussians: Part 2: 1939-1970" . Soviet Studies , 29 ( 2 ) : 275
  • Trusov , O. 1989 . "Pochemu tol'ko 'bilingvizm'?" . Kommunist Belorussii , : 15
  • Smolenskiy , Z. "Legko byt' illyuzionistom" . 15 – 16 . ibid.
  • Rutskaya , E. 1989 . "Rodnaya rech'-eto bestsennyy klad" . Kommunist Belorussii , : 77
  • Andreeva , Efrosin'ya . 1989 . "Belorusskiy yazyk: vzglyady Russkogo" . Neman , : 127
  • Abetsedarskaya , E. L. 1997 . Istoriya Belarusi 307 – 308 . Minsk
  • Ibid., pp. 308-309.
  • Ibid., pp. 309.
  • Belarusskaya sotsiologicheskaya sluzhba . 1992 . "Obshchestvennoe mnenie", Belarus': dva goda: Public Opinion in Minsk, nezavisimosti 54 – 62 . Minsk
  • Ibid., p. 61.
  • Ibid., p. 62.
  • Paz'nyak , Zyanon . 1992 . Sapraudnae ablichcha , 49 Minsk : Palifakt .
  • Marples , David R. 1998 . "Belarus: Toward Diplomatie Isolation" . Belarusian Review , 10 ( 2 ) : 8 – 9 .
  • Drakokhroust , Yuri . 1999 . "Elections dent opposition credibility" . Belarus Today , 25 May : 4 According to a careful political analyst, "Unfortunately, the election did not become an election at all, and even failed to be a political action, since it is still unclear how many people voted."

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