References
- The American heritage dictionary of the English language (4th ed.). (2009). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
- Aronson, J., Fried, C. B., & Good, C. (2002). Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 113–125. doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1491
- Bahrick, H. P., Hall, L. K., & Berger, S. A. (1996). Accuracy and distortion in memory for high school grades. Psychological Science, 7, 265–271. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00372.x
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72, 187–206. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00273
- Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Bryman, A. (1988). Quantity and quality in social research. London: Unwin Hyman.
- Clair, R. P. (1996). The political nature of the colloquialism, “a real job”: Implications for organizational socialization. Communication Monographs, 63, 249–267. doi:10.1080/03637759609376392
- Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13, 3–21. doi:10.1007/BF00988593
- Crisp, G., Nora, A., & Taggart, A. (2009). Student characteristics, pre-college, college, and environmental factors as predictors of majoring in and earning a STEM degree: An analysis of students attending a Hispanic serving institution. American Educational Research Journal, 46, 924–942. doi:10.3102/0002831209349460
- Crombie, G., Abarbanel, T., Anderson, C. (2000). Bridging the gender gap in high-technology education. NASSP Bulletin, 84, 64–73. doi:10.1177/019263650008461809
- den Brok, P., Fisher, D., Rickards, T., & Bull, E. (2006). Californian science students' perceptions of their classroom learning environments. Educational Research and Evaluation, 12, 3–25. doi:10.1080/13803610500392053
- Eccles, J. S. (2009). Who am I and what am I going to do with my life? Personal and collective identities as motivators of action. Educational Psychologist, 44, 78–89. doi:10.1080/00461520902832368
- Foskett, N. H., & Hemsley-Brown, J. (1999). Invisibility, perceptions, and image: Mapping the career choice landscape. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 4, 233–248. doi:10.1080/13596749900200060
- Gibson, M. K., & Papa, M. J. (2000). The mud, the blood, and the beer guys: Organizational osmosis in blue-collar work groups. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 28, 68–88. doi:10.1080/00909880009365554
- Gray, W. A., & Albert, W. (2013). Create a STEM pipeline for students who become engineering majors who become engineers. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 13(1), 42–46. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000210
- Gunderson, E. A., Gripshover, S. A., Romero, C., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., & Levine, S. C. (2013). Parent praise to 1- to 3-year-olds predicts children's motivational frameworks 5 years later. Child Development, 84, 1526–1541. doi:10.1111/cdev.12064
- Harackiewicz, J. M., Rozek, C. S., Hulleman, C. S., & Hyde, J. S. (2012). Helping parents to motivate adolescents in mathematics and science: An experimental test of utility-value intervention. Psychological Science, 23, 899–906. doi:10.1177/0956797611435530
- Harris Interactive. (2011). STEM perceptions: Student & parent study. Parents and students weigh in on how to inspire the next generation of doctors, scientists, software developers and engineers. (pp. 1–16). Rochester, NY: Study commissioned by Microsoft Corp. Retrieved from http://www.harrisinteractive.com
- Harvey, M. J. (1985). Leaving or staying on at high school as a career decision-making process. Australian Journal of Education, 29, 266–278.
- Hernandez, P. R., Schultz, P. W., Estrada, M., Woodcock, A., & Chance, R. C. (2012). Sustaining optimal motivation: A longitudinal analysis of interventions to broaden participation of underrepresented students in STEM. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105, 89–107. doi:10.1037/a0029691
- Hoffner, C. A., Levine, K. J., Sullivan, Q. E., Crowell, D., Pedrick, L., & Berndt, P. (2006). TV characters at work: Television's role in the occupational aspirations of economically disadvantaged youth. Journal of Career Development, 33, 3–18. doi:10.1177/0894845305282768
- Hoffner, C. A., Levine, K. J., & Toohey, R. A. (2008). Socialization to work in late adolescence: The role of television and family. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 282–302. doi:10.1080/08838150801992086
- Hylmö, A. (2006). Girls on film: An examination of gendered vocational socialization messages found in motion pictures targeting teenage girls. Western Journal of Communication, 70, 167–185. doi:10.1080/10570310600843488
- Jablin, F. M. (2001). Organizational entry, assimilation, and disengagement/exit. In F. M. Jablin & L. L. Putnam (Eds.), The new handbook of organizational communication (pp. 732–818). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Kinlaw, C. R., & Kurtz-Costes, B. (2007). Children's theories of intelligence: Beliefs, goals, and motivation in the elementary years. Journal of General Psychology, 134, 295–311. doi:10.3200/GENP.134.3.295-312
- Kisselburgh, L., Berkelaar Van Pelt, B., & Buzzanell, P. M. (2009). Discourse, gender, and the meanings of work: Rearticulating science, technology, and engineering careers through communicative lenses. In C. Beck (Ed.), Communication yearbook 33 (pp. 258–299). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Knowles, A. (2013, March 9). The role of mothers and parents in driving innovation in the American STEM pipeline. Presented at the Integrated STEM Education Conference, Princeton, NJ.
- Kramer, M. W. (2010). Organizational socialization: Joining and leaving organizations. Cambridge: Polity.
- Leaper, C., Farkas, T., & Brown, C. S. (2012). Adolescent girls' experiences and gender-related beliefs in relation to their motivation in math/science and English. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 268–282. doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9693-z
- Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Monograph: Towards a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79–122. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
- Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2000). Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 26–49. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.36
- Levine, K. J., & Hoffner, C. A. (2006). Adolescents' conceptions of work: What is learned from different sources during anticipatory socialization. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21, 647–669. doi:10.1177/0743558406293963
- Lewis, C., Jackson, M. H., & Waite, W.W. (2010). Attitudes and beliefs about computer science among students and faculty. Communications of the ACM, 53, 78–85. doi:10.1145/1735223.1735244
- Lubinski, D. S., & Benbow, C. P. (2007). Why aren't more women in science: Top researchers debate the evidence (pp. 79–100). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Lucas, K., & Buzzanell, P. M. (2004). Blue-collar work, career, and success: Occupational narratives of Sisu. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 32, 273–292. doi:10.1080/0090988042000240167
- Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543–562. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00164
- Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
- Medved, C. E., Brogan, S. M., McClanahan, A. M., Morris, J. F., & Shepherd, G. J. (2006). Family and work socializing communication: Messages, gender, and ideological implications. Journal of Family Communication, 6, 161–180. doi:10.1207/s15327698jfc0603_1
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
- Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus groups as qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Myers, K. K., Jahn, J. L. S., Gailliard, B. M., & Stoltzfus, K. (2011). Vocational anticipatory socialization (VAS): A communicative model of adolescents' interests in STEM. Management Communication Quarterly, 25, 87–120. doi:10.1177/0893318910377068
- National Science Board. (May 5, 2010). Preparing the next generation of stem innovators: Identifying and developing our nation's human capital. Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/2010/nsb1033.pdf
- Perez-Felkner, L., McDonald, S.-K., Schneider, B., & Grogan, E. (2012). Female and male adolescents' subjective orientations to mathematics and the influence of those orientations on postsecondary majors. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1658–1673. doi:10.1037/a0027020
- Schutz, A. (1932). The problems of social reality ( Collected Papers, Vol. 1). The Hague: Martinus Nyhoff.
- Signorielli, N., & Kahlenberg, S. (2001). Television's world of work in the nineties. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 45, 4–22. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4501_2
- Simpkins, S. D., Davis-Kean, P. E., & Eccles, J. S. (2006). Math and science motivation: A longitudinal examination of the links between choices and beliefs. Developmental Psychology, 42, 70–83. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.70
- Solberg, V. S., Howard, K. A., Blustein, D. L., & Close, W. (2002). Career development in the schools: Connecting school-to-work-to-life. The Counseling Psychologist, 30, 705–725. doi:10.1177/0011000002305003
- Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African-Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797–811. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797
- Story, A. L. (1998). Self-esteem and memory for favorable and unfavorable personality feedback. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 51–64. doi:10.1177/0146167298241004
- Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Strom, R. E., & Boster, F. J. (2011). Dropping out of high school: Assessing the relationship between supportive messages from family and educational attainment. Communication Reports, 24, 25–37. doi:10.1080/08934215.2011.554623
- VanLeuvan, P. (2004). Young women's science/mathematics career goals from seventh grade to high school graduation. The Journal of Educational Research, 97, 248–268. doi:10.3200/JOER.97.5.248-268