Language as an indicator of risk in the prevention of drug use

References

• Alberts , J. K. , Hecht , M. L. , Miller‐Rassulo , M. and Krizek , R. L. 1992 . The communicative process of drug resistance among high school students. . Journal of Adolescents , 27 : 203 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Alberts , J. K. , Miller‐Rassulo , M. and Hecht , M. L. 1991 . A typology of drug resistance strategies. . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 19 : 129 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Baumrind , D. 1990 . Types of adolescent substance users: Antecedent and concurrent family personality influences . Paper presented for the Department of Psychology . February 1990 . Arizona State University .
   Google Scholar
• Baxter , L. A. 1991 . “ Content analysis ” . In Studying interpersonal interaction , Edited by: Montgomery , B. M. and Duck , S. 239 – 254 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beuvais , F. , Oetting , E. R. and Edwards , R. W. 1985 . Trends in drug use of Indian adolescents living on reservations. . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 11 : 1975 – 1983 .
   Google Scholar
• Blumer , H. 1969 . Symbolic interactionism. , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Botvin , G. B. , Baker , E. , Botvin , E. M. , Filazzol , A. D. and Millman , R. B. 1984 . Prevention of alcohol misuse through the development of personal and social competence: A pilot study. . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 45 : 550 – 552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bry , B. 1983 . Predicting drug use: Review and reformulation. . The International Journal of the Addictions , 18 : 223 – 233 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bry , B. , Pedraza , M. and Pandina , R. 1988 . “ Number of risk factors predicts 3 year possibilities of heavy drug and alcohol use in adolescents ” . In Problems of drug dependence , Research Monograph 81 Edited by: Harris , L.S. Rockville, MD : NIDA .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , K. 1941 . The philosophy of literary form. , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , K. 1954 . Permanence and change , (2nd ed.) , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , K. 1959 . Attitudes towards history , (3rd ed.) , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , K. 1968 . Counter‐statement , (3rd ed.) , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carbaugh , D. 1988 . Talking American. , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Carbaugh , D. 1989 . Fifty terms for talk: A cross‐cultural study. . International and Intercultural Communication Annual , 13 : 93 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Cutter , H. G. and Fisher , J. C. 1980 . Family experience and the motives for drinking. . International Journal of Addictions , 15 : 339 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donohew , L. , Helm , D. M. , Cook , P. L. and Shatzer , M. J. 1987 . Sensation seeking, marijuana use, and responses to prevention messages: Implications for public health campaigns . Paper presented at the annual conference of the International Communication Association in Montreal . May 1987 , Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Dryfoos , J. G. 1987 . Youth at risk: One in four in jeopardy. , Hastings‐on‐Hudson, NY, 10706 : the Carnegie Corporation . Available from author, 20 Circle Drive
   Google Scholar
• Duck , S. 1990 . Relationships as unfinished business: Out of the frying pan and into the 1990s. . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 7 : 5 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , H. 1965 . “ Introduction in Kenneth Burke ” . In Permanence and Change , (2nd ed.) , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , M. H. 1948 . Hypnotic psychotherapy. . The Medical Clinics of North America , 32 : 571 – 584 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erickson , M. H. 1958 . Pediatric hypnotherapy. . American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis , 1 : 25 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flay , B. R. , Graham , J. W. , Hansen , W. B. , Johnson , C. A. , Rhorbach , L. and Holt , L. 1988 . Social resistance versus personal and social skills for drug prevention: Results from the 1983 cohort of Project SMART , National Institute on Drug Abuse . (Grant # DA03046). Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Forney , M. A. , Forney , P. D. and Ripley , W. K. 1989 . Predictor variables of adolescent drinking. . Advances in Alcohol Substance Abuse , 8 : 97 – 117 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garfinkel , H. 1967 . Studies in ethnomethodology. , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Geertz , C. 1973 . The interpretation of cultures. , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan , S. G. 1987 . Therapeutic trances. , New York : Brunner/Mazel, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Glaser , B. and Strauss , A. 1967 . The discovery of grounded theory. , Chicago, IL : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1959 . The presentation of self in everyday life. , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1967 . Interaction ritual: Essays on face to face behavior. , Garden City, NY : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Goodenough , W. H. 1971 . Culture, language, and society. , Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley Modular Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , D. 1978 . Therapeutic metaphors. , Cupertino, CA : Meta Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Gossett , J. T. , Lewis , J. M. and Austin‐Phillips , V. 1980 . “ Extent and prevalence of illicit drug use as reported by 56,745 students ” . In Adolescence and alcohol. , Edited by: Mayer , J.E. and Filstead , W.J. Cambridge, MA : Ballinger .
   Google Scholar
• Haley , J. 1976 . Problem‐solving therapy. , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Haley , J. 1986 . Uncommon therapy. , New York : W.W. Norton & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , J. D. and Naderhood , B. 1987 . Handbook for evaluating drug and alcohol prevention programs. , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Hecht , M. L. , Alberts , J. K. and Miller‐Rassulo , M. 1992 . Resistance to drug offers among college students. . International Journal of Addictions , 27 : 995 – 1017 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht , M. L. , Corman , S. and Miller‐Rassulo , M. 1991 . An evaluation of the drug resistance project: A comparison of film versus live performance media. . Paper presented at the International Communication Association convention . May 1991 , Chicago, IL.
   Google Scholar
• Hecht , M. L. and Driscoll , G. in press . A comparison of the communication, social, situational, and individual factors associated with alcohol and other drugs . International Journal of the Addictions. ,
   Google Scholar
• Hymes , D. , ed. 1964 . Language in culture and society. , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Hymes , D. 1972 . “ Models of the interaction of language and the social life ” . In Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication , Edited by: Gumperz , John J. and Hymes , D. 35 – 71 . New York : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Jessor , R. and Jessor , S. L. 1975 . Adolescent development and the onset of drinking: A longitudinal study. . Journal of Studies in Alcohol , 36 : 27 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , M. S. 1979 . Patterns of alcohol beverage use. . Journal of Alcohol and Drugs , 24 : 26 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Katriel , T. and Philipsen , G. 1981 . What we need is communication: “Communication” as a cultural category in some American speech. . Communication Monographs , 48 : 301 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , S. and Deetz , S. 1981 . Metaphor analysis of social reality in organizations. . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 9 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Kumpfer , K. L. 1989 . “ Prevention of alcohol and drug abuse: A critical review of risk factors and prevention strategies ” . In Prevention of mental disorders due to alcohol and drug use in children and adolescents , OSAP Monograph #2. Edited by: Shaffer , A. , Phillips , D. , Enzer , I. and Norbert , N. 309 – 371 . DHHS publication . # 1646
   Google Scholar
• Kumpfer , K. L. and Turner , C. 1990 . The social ecology model of adolescent substance abuse: Implications for prevention. . International Journal of Addictions , 25 : 435
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lakoff , G. and Johnson , M. 1980 . Metaphors we live by. , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , R.J. , Bauer , P.E. , Burnside , M.A. and Pokorny , A.D. 1985 . Psychosocial correlates of alcohol use at two age levels during adolescence. . Journal of Studies in Alcohol , 46 : 212 – 218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism . 1986 . “ Communicating with youth about alcohol: Methods, messages, & materials ” . In National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information (DHHS) Rockville, MD DHHS‐ADM‐86–1429
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse . 1989a . Highlights of the 1988 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse . NIDA capsule , 20 : 86 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse . 1989b . Substance abuse among Blacks in the U.S . NIDA capsule , 34 : #C‐89 – 05 .
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Drug Abuse . 1991 . “ National Household Survey on Drug Abuse ” . In Main Findings , Rockville, MD : NIDA . DHHS‐ADM‐91–1788
   Google Scholar
• Newcomb , M.D. , Maddahian , E. and Bentler , P. M. 1986 . Risk factors for drug use among adolescents: Concurrent and longitudinal analyses. . American Journal of Public Health , 76 : 525 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papp , P. 1982 . Staging reciprocal metaphors. . Family Process , 11 : 1453 – 1467 .
   Google Scholar
• Philipsen , G. 1975 . Speaking “Like a man” in Teamsterville: Culture patterns of role enactment in an urban neighborhood. . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 61 : 13 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philipsen , G. 1976 . Places for speaking in Teamsterville. . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 62 : 15 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards , I.A. 1926 . The principles of literary criticism , (2nd Ed.) , New York : Harcourt, Brace and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Saville‐Troike , M. 1989 . The ethnography of communication , New York : Basil Blackwell Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Smircich , L. 1985 . “ Is the concept of culture a paradigm for understanding organizations and ourselves? ” . In Organizational culture , Edited by: Frost , P. J. , Moore , L. F. , Louis , M. R. , Lundberg , C. C. and Martin , J. 55 – 72 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R. C. and Eisenberg , E. M. 1987 . Conflict at Disneyland: A root‐metaphor analysis. . Communication Monographs , 54 : 367 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suit , J. L. and Paradise , L. V. 1985 . Effects of metaphors and cognitive complexity on perceived counselor characteristics. . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 32 : 23 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szalay , L. B. and Maday , B. C. 1983 . Implicit culture and psychocultural distance. . American Anthropologist , 85 : 110 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobler , N. S. 1986 . Meta‐analysis of 143 adolescent drug prevention programs: Quantitative outcome results of program participants compared to a control or comparison group . Journal of Drug Issues , : 537 – 567 .
   Google Scholar
• Tobler , N. S. 1989 . Drug prevention programs can work: Research findings. . Paper presented at the conference What works: An international perspective on drug abuse treatment and prevention research . October 1989 , New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Yates , A. 1987 . Current status and future directions of research on the American Indian child. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 1135 – 1142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar