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departments: trainer's corner

Testing Anterior Cruciate Ligaments

Pages 135-138 | Published online: 18 Dec 2017

References

  • Hughston JC, Andrews J R, Cross M J, et al: Classification of knee ligament instabilities. Part 1. The medial compartment and cruciate ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg 58A: 159–172, March 1976
  • Torg JS, Conrad W, Kalen V: Clinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament instability in the athlete. Am J Sports Med 4:84–93, March-April 1976
  • Galway RD, Beaupe A, MacIntosh DL: Pivot shift: a clinical sign of symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. J Bone Joint Surg 54B:763–764, 1972
  • Arnold JA, Coker TP, Heaton LM, et al: Natural history of anterior cruciate tears. Am J Sports Med 7:305–313, November-December 1979

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