Are psychotropic medications associated with differences in baseline neurocognitive assessment scores for young athletes? A pilot study

References

• Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Gammons M, Guskiewicz KM, Halstead M, Herring SA, et al. American medical society for sports medicine position statement: concussion in sport. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:15–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessel LM, Fields SK, Collins CL, Dick RW, Comstock RD. Concussions among united states high school and collegiate athletes. J Athl Train 2007;42:495–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilchrist JTK, Xu L, Mcguire LC, Coronado VG. Centers for disease control and prevention: Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related traumatic brain injuries among children and adolescents treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001-2009. MMWR 2011;60:1337–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCrory P, Meeuwisse WH, Aubry M, Cantu RC, Dvořák J, Echemendia RJ. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 4th international conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, november 2012. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:250–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClincy MP, Lovell MR, Pardini J, Collins MW, Spore MK. Recovery from sports concussion in high school and collegiate athletes. Brain Inj 2006;20:33–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meehan WPIII, D’hemecourt P, Collins CL, Taylor AM, Comstock RD. Computerized neurocognitive testing for the management of sport-related concussions. Pediatrics 2012;129:38–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen BJ, Gfeller JD. The immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing battery and traditional neuropsychological measures: A construct and concurrent validity study. Brain Injury 2011;25:179–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson Gl, Lovell MR, Collins MW. Interpreting change on impact following sport concussion. Clin Neuropsychol 2003;17:460–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson Gl, Lovell MR, Collins MW. Validity of impact for measuring processing speed following sports-related concussion. Clin Neuropsychol 2005;27:1–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maerlender A, Flashman L, Kessler A, Kumbhani S, Greenwald R, Tosteson T, McAllister T. Examination of the construct validity of impact computerized test, traditional, and experimental neuropsychological measures. Clin Neuropsychol 2010;24:1309–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz P, Sandel N. Sensitivity and specificity of the online version of impact in high school and collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:321–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dougan BK, Horswill MS, Geffen GM. Athletes’ age, sex, and years of education moderate the acute neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: A meta-analysis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2014;20:64–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontos AP, Braithwaite R, Dakan S, Elbin RJ. Computerized neurocognitive testing within 1 week of sport-related concussion: meta-analytic review and analysis of moderating factors. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2014;20:324–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbin RJ, Kontos AP, Kegel N, Johnson E, Burkhart S, Schatz P. Individual and combined effects of ld and adhd on computerized neurocognitive concussion test performance: Evidence for separate norms. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2013;28:476–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman SL, Lee YM, Odom MJ, Solomon GS, Sills AK. Baseline neurocognitive scores in athletes with attention deficit-spectrum disorders and/or learning disability. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013;12:103–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covassin T, Elbin RJIII, Larson E, Kontos AP. Sex and age differences in depression and baseline sport-related concussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms. Clin J Sport Med 2012;22:98–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy CC, Collins M, Lovell M, Kontos AP. Efficacy of amantadine treatment on symptoms and neurocognitive performance among adolescents following sports-related concussion. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2013;28:260–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikangas KR, He JP, Rapoport J, Vitiello B, Olfson M. Medication use in us youth with mental disorders. JAMA Pediatr 2013;167:141–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olfson M, He JP, Merikangas KR. Psychotropic medication treatment of adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey-adolescent supplement. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013;52:378–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comer JS, Olfson M, Mojtabai R. National trends in child and adolescent psychotropic polypharmacy in office-based practice, 1996-2007. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010;49:1001–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevins A, Smith ME, Mcevoy LK, Ilan AB, Chan CS, Jiang A. A cognitive and neurophysiological test of change from an individual’s baseline. Clin Neurophysiol 2011;122:114–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Advokat C. What are the cognitive effects of stimulant medications? Emphasis on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010;34:1256–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amado-Boccara I, Gougoulis N, Poirier Littre MF, Galinowski A, Lôo H. Effects of antidepressants on cognitive functions: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1995;19:479–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baune BT, Renger L. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to improve cognitive dysfunction and functional ability in clinical depression–a systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2014;219:25–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevins A, Ilan AB, Jiang A, Sam-Vargas L, Baum C, Chan CS. Combined neuropsychological and neurophysiological assessment of drug effects on groups and individuals. J Psychopharmacol 2011;25:1062–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilieva I, Boland J, Farah MJ. Objective and subjective cognitive enhancing effects of mixed amphetamine salts in healthy people. Neuropharmacology 2013;64:496–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson GL. Sensitivity of computerized neuropsychological screening in depressed university students. Clin Neuropsychol 2006;20:695–701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell MR, Iverson GL, Collins MW, Podell K, Johnston KM, Pardini D, et al. Measurement of symptoms following sports-related concussion: Reliability and normative data for the post-concussion scale. Appl Neuropsychol 2006;13:166–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbin RJ, Schatz P, Covassin T. One-year test-retest reliability of the online version of impact in high school athletes. Am J Sports Med 2011;39:2319–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz P. Long-term test-retest reliability of baseline cognitive assessments using impact. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:47–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz P, Pardini JE, Lovell MR, Collins MW, Podell K. Sensitivity and specificity of the impact test battery for concussion in athletes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2006;21:91–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaddis GM, Gaddis ML. Introduction to biostatistics: Part 5, statistical inference techniques for hypothesis testing with nonparametric data. Ann Emerg Med 1990;19:1054–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey CM, Samples HL, Broshek DK, Freeman JR, Barth JT. The relationship between psychological distress and baseline sports-related concussion testing. Clin J Sport Med 2010;20:272–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhill LL, Pliszka S, Dulcan MK, Bernet W, Arnold V, Beitchman J. Practice parameter for the use of stimulant medications in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:26S–49S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. BDI-II, beck depression inventory: Manual. 2nd edition. Boston: Psychological Corp; 1996
   Google Scholar
• Iverson GL. Misdiagnosis of the persistent postconcussion syndrome in patients with depression. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2006;21:303–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makdissi M, Davis G, Jordan B, Patricios J, Purcell L, Putukian M. Revisiting the modifiers: How should the evaluation and management of acute concussions differ in specific groups? Br J Sports Med 2013;47:314–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar