Effect of physical activity on levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ in the elderly

References

• Kones R. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: integration of new data, evolving views, revised goals, and role of rosuvastatin in management. A comprehensive survey. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2011;5:325–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SC Jr. Current and future directions of cardiovascular risk prediction. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:28A–32A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wald DS, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Reconciling the evidence on serum homocysteine and ischaemic heart disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011;6:e16473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinlivan EP, McPartlin J, McNulty H, et al. Importance of both folic acid and vitamin B12 in reduction of risk of vascular disease. Lancet. 2002;359:227–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattelmair JR, Pertman JH, Forman DE. Effects of physical activity on cardiovascular and noncardiovascular outcomes in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009;25:677-702, viii-ix.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel T, Brechat PH, Lepretre PM, et al. Health benefits of physical activity in older patients: a review. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63:303–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Santolo M, Banfi G, Stel G, et al. Association of recreational physical activity with homocysteine, folate and lipid markers in young women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105:111–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dankner R, Geulayov G, Farber N, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma homocysteine levels in adult males and females. Isr Med Assoc J. 2009;11:78–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benser J, Valtuena J, Ruiz JR, et al. Impact of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness on total homocysteine concentrations in European adolescents: the HELENA study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2015;61:45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo H-K, Yen C-J, Bean JF. Levels of homocysteine are inversely associated with cardiovascular fitness in women, but not in men: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. J Intern Med. 2005;258:328–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz JR, Sola R, Gonzalez-Gross M, et al. Cardiovascular fitness is negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161:166–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruiz JR, Hurtig-Wennlöf A, Ortega FB, et al.. Homocysteine levels in children and adolescents are associated with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T genotype, but not with physical activity, fitness or fatness: the European Youth Heart Study. Br J Nutr. 2007;97:255–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dankner R, Chetrit A, Lubin F, et al. Life-style habits and homocysteine levels in an elderly population. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004;16:437–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papandreou D, Mavromichalis I, Makedou A, et al. Total serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in a Greek school age population. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:797–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics, D.o. (2012) Jordan Population and Family Health Survey, 2012. Available from: http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/linked-pdf/pop_2012.pdf. Statistics, D.o. ed.
   Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer CM, Johnson CL, Jain RB, et al. Trends in blood folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations in the United States, 1988–2004. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:718–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tassino M, Campos TF, Guerra RO. Homocysteine (Hcy) and cognitive performance in a population sample of elderly Brazilians. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;48:142–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajan S, Wallace JI, Beresford SA, et al. Screening for cobalamin deficiency in geriatric outpatients: prevalence and influence of synthetic cobalamin intake. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:624–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramel A, Jonsson PV, Bjornsson S, et al. Total plasma homocysteine in hospitalized elderly: associations with vitamin status and renal function. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51:527–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization WH. WHO guidelines on drawing blood: best practices in phlebotomy. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Pitla S, Nagalla B. Gender-related differences in the relationship between plasma homocysteine, anthropometric and conventional biochemical coronary heart disease risk factors in middle-aged Indians. Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;54:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alomari MA, Keewan EF, Qhatan R, et al. Blood pressure and circulatory relationships with physical activity level in young normotensive individuals: IPAQ validity and reliability considerations. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2011;33:345–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alomari MA, Shqair DM, Khabour OF, et al. The clinical and nonclinical values of nonexercise estimation of cardiovascular endurance in young asymptomatic individuals. Scientific World J. 2012;2012:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Fleiss JL. The design and analysis of clinical experiments. New York, NY: Wiley; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Refsum H, Smith AD, Ueland PM, et al. Facts and recommendations about total homocysteine determinations: an expert opinion. Clin Chem. 2004;50:3–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norlund L, Grubb A, Fex G, et al. The increase of plasma homocysteine concentrations with age is partly due to the deterioration of renal function as determined by plasma cystatin C. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1998;36:175–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosnan JT, Jacobs RL, Stead LM, et al. Methylation demand: a key determinant of homocysteine metabolism. Acta Biochim Pol. 2004;51:405–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malinow MR, Duell PB, Williams MA, et al. Short-term folic acid supplementation induces variable and paradoxical changes in plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations. Lipids. 2001;36(Suppl):S27–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen KJ, Pan WH, Yang FL, et al. Association of B vitamins status and homocysteine levels in elderly Taiwanese. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14:250–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okura T, Rankinen T, Gagnon J, et al. Effect of regular exercise on homocysteine concentrations: the HERITAGE Family Study. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;98:394–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czajkowska A, Lutoslawska G, Mazurek K, et al. The relationship between physical activity and plasma homocysteine level in young men. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2008;14:177–180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joubert LM, Manore MM. The role of physical activity level and B-vitamin status on blood homocysteine levels. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:1923–1931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unt E, Zilmer K, Magi A, et al. Homocysteine status in former top-level male athletes: possible effect of physical activity and physical fitness. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18:360–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimento CM, Stella F, Garlipp CR, et al. Serum homocysteine and physical exercise in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Psychogeriatrics. 2011;11:105–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loprinzi PD, Cardinal BJ. Interrelationships among physical activity, depression, homocysteine, and metabolic syndrome with special considerations by sex. Prev Med. 2012;54:388–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dankner R, Chetrit A, Dror GK, et al. Physical activity is inversely associated with total homocysteine levels, independent of C677T MTHFR genotype and plasma B vitamins. Age (Dordr). 2007;29:219–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garatachea N, Torres Luque G, Gonzalez Gallego J. Physical activity and energy expenditure measurements using accelerometers in older adults. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 2010;25:224–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winchester L, Veeranki S, Givvimani S, et al. Exercise mitigates the adverse effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on macrophages, MMP-9, skeletal muscle, and white adipocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;92:575–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joubert LM, Manore MM. Exercise, nutrition, and homocysteine. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006;16:341–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotgia S, Carru C, Caria MA, et al. Acute variations in homocysteine levels are related to creatine changes induced by physical activity. Clin Nutr. 2007;26:444–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R, Armitage J. Vitamin supplements and cardiovascular risk: review of the randomized trials of homocysteine-lowering vitamin supplements. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2000;26:341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Cree C, Malinow MR, van Kranenburg GP, et al. Influence of exercise and menstrual cycle phase on plasma homocyst(e)ine levels in young women–a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1999;9:272–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchner DM. Physical activity and prevention of cardiovascular disease in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009;25:661–675, viii.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW. Homocysteine and vascular disease. Lancet. 1999;354:407–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey LL, Fu R, Rogers K, et al. Homocysteine level and coronary heart disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83:1203–1212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar