Examining how time from sport-related concussion to initial assessment predicts return-to-play clearance

References

• Government of Canada. Sport and recreation-related concussions and other traumatic brain injuries among Canada’s children and youth. Ottawa, Ontario; [cited 2019 Jun 30]. Available from: https://infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca/datalab/head-injury-interactive-en.html
   Google Scholar
• Langer L, Levy C, Bayley M. Increasing incidence of concussion: true epidemic or better recognition? J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2020;35(1):E60–E66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Dvořák J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(11):838–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewing-Cobbs L, Cox CS Jr, Clark AE, et al. Persistent postconcussion symptoms after injury. Pediatrics. 2018;142(5):e20180939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zemek R, Duval S, Dematteo C, et al. Guidelines for diagnosing and managing pediatric concussion. Toronto, ON: Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Zemek RL, Grool AM, Rodriguez Duque D, et al. Annual and seasonal trends in ambulatory visits for pediatric concussion in ontario between 2003 and 2013. J Pediatr. 2017;181:222–228.e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matveev R, Sergio L, Fraser-Thomas J, et al. Trends in concussions at Ontario schools prior to and subsequent to the introduction of a concussion policy - an analysis of the Canadian hospitals injury reporting and prevention program from 2009 to 2016. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson GL, Gardner AJ, Terry DP, et al. Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(12):941–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iaccarino M, Fitzgerald M, Pulli A, et al. Sport concussion and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in student athletes: a cohort study. Neurol Clin Pract. 2018;8(5):403–411.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koerte IK, Schultz V, Sydnor VJ, et al. Sex-related differences in the effects of sports-related concussion: a review. J Neuroimaging. 2020;30(4):387–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covassin T, Savage JL, Bretzin AC, et al. Sex differences in sport-related concussion long-term outcomes. Int J Psychophysiol. 2018;132(Pt A):9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrazik M, Lenchyshyn J, Borza C, et al. Psychometric properties of a concussion evaluation tool in college athletes. EC Psychiatry and Psychology. 2017;85–93.
   Google Scholar
• Sufrinko AM, Marchetti GF, Cohen PE, et al. Using acute performance on a comprehensive neurocognitive, vestibular, and ocular motor assessment battery to predict recovery duration after sport-related concussions. Am J Sport Med. 2017;45(5):1187–1194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontos AP, Jorgensen-Wagers K, Trbovich AM, et al. Association of time since injury to the first clinic visit with recovery following concussion. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(4):435–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagle SR, Puligilla A, Fazio-Sumrok V, et al. Association of time to initial clinic visit with prolonged recovery in pediatric patients with concussion [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 24]. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;1–6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.2.PEDS2025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas DJ, Coxe K, Li H, et al. Length of recovery from sports-related concussions in pediatric patients treated at concussion clinics. Clin J Sport Med. 2018;28(1):56–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey RI, Hutchison MG, Comper P. Determining sensitivity and specificity of the sport concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3) components in university athletes. Brain Inj. 2018;32(11):1345–1352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alla S, Sullivan SJ, Hale L, et al. Self-report scales/checklists for the measurement of concussion symptoms: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(Suppl 1):i3–i12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leddy JJ, Haider MN, Ellis M, et al. Exercise is medicine for concussion. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018;17(8):262–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezherano I, Haider MN, Willer BS, et al. Practical management: prescribing subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion in the outpatient setting [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 13]. Clin J Sport Med. 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000809
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leddy JJ, Baker JG, Kozlowski K, et al. Reliability of a graded exercise test for assessing recovery from concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(2):89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall CM, Chan N, Tran P, et al. The use of an intensive physical exertion test as a final return to play measure in concussed athletes: a prospective cohort. Phys Sportsmed. 2019;47(2):158–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quatman-Yates C, Bailes A, Constand S, et al. Exertional tolerance assessments after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(5):994–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darling SR, Leddy JJ, Baker JG, et al. Evaluation of the Zurich Guidelines and exercise testing for return to play in adolescents following concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2014;24(2):128–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider KJ, Leddy JJ, Guskiewicz KM, et al. Rest and treatment/rehabilitation following sport-related concussion: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(12):930–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagle SR, Womble MN, Elbin RJ, et al. Concussion symptom cutoffs for identification and prognosis of sports-related concussion: role of time since injury. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(10):2544–2551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bewick V, Cheek L, Ball J. Statistics review 12: survival analysis. Crit Care. 2004;8(5):389–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobney DM, Grilli L, Kocilowicz H, et al. Is there an optimal time to initiate an active rehabilitation protocol for concussion management in children? A case series. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2018;33(3):E11–E17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leddy JJ, Haider MN, Ellis MJ, et al. Early subthreshold aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(4):319–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamins J, Bigler E, Covassin T, et al. What is the physiological time to recovery after concussion? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(12):935–940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar