Recent advancements in conducting polymer bionanocomposites and hydrogels for biomedical applications

References

• Akbar, M. U.; Huma, Z-e.; Salman, M.; Hussain, R.; Fawad Zahoor, A.; Mansha, A.; Asim, S.; Zuber, M. Chapter 1 – Synthetic Materials to Bionanocomposites: An Overview. In Micro and Nano Technologies, Bionanocomposites; Zia, Khalid Mahmood, Jabeen, Farukh, Anjum, Muhammad Naveed, Ikram, Saiqa, Eds.; Elsevier: Germany, 2020; pp 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, P.; Xie, F.; Tang, F.; McNally, T. Structure and Properties of Thermomechanically Processed Chitosan/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Polyelectrolyte Complexed Bionanocomposites. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 158, 420–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenane, A.; Galca, A.; Matei, E.; Yahiaoui, A.; Hachemaoui, A.; Benkouider, A.; Bartha, C.; Istrate, M.; Galatanu, M.; Rasoga, O.; Stanculescu, A. Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Aniline and o-Anisidine Nanocomposites Based on Montmorillonite Modified Clay. Appl. Clay Sci. 2020, 184, 105395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Tang, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhou, Y.; Hong, X. Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Polyaniline/Nanocrystalline Cellulose Nanocomposite Films. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 146, 1069–1075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai, M.; Kumar, S.; Houshyar, S.; Padhye, R.; Bhattacharyya, A. Effect of Nanocomposite Coating and Biomolecule Functionalization on Silk Fibroin Based Conducting 3D Braided Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering. Nanomedicine. 2020, 24, 102131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madgula, K.; Shubha, L. N. Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Gas Sensors. In Functional Nanomaterials. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials; Thomas, S., Joshi, N., Tomer, V., Eds; Singapore: Springer, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Barabás, R.; de Souza Ávila, E.; Ladeira, L. O.; Antônio, L. M.; Tötös, R.; Simedru, D.; Bizo, L.; Cadar, O. Graphene Oxides/Carbon Nanotubes–Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 2020, 45, 219–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palem, R. R.; Shimoga, G.; Rao, K. S. V. K.; Lee, S.-H.; Kang, T. J. Guar Gum Graft Polymer-Based Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Biomedical Applications. J. Polym. Res. 2020, 27, 68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal, N.; Agarwal, R.; Agarwal, P. Tuning of TiO2 Nanoparticles Incorporation in Poly Methyl Methacrylate for Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites for Promising Biomedical Application. Mater. Today. Proc. 2020, 30, 137–144.
   Google Scholar
• Palem, R.; Shimoga, G.; Kang, T.; Lee, S. Fabrication of Multifunctional Guar Gum-Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 159, 474–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M.; Haider, S.; Shah, S.; Razak, S.; Hassan, S.; Kadir, M.; Haider, A. Arabinoxylan-co-AA/HAp/TiO2 Nanocomposite Scaffold a Potential Material for Bone Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Study. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 151, 584–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mucha, M.; Wańkowicz, K.; Balcerzak, J. Analysis of Water Adsorption on Chitosan and Its Blends with Hydroxypropyl-Cellulose. e-Polymers. 2007, 7, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Aggas, J. R.; Lutkenhaus, J.; Guiseppi-Elie, A. Chemiresistive and Chemicapacitive Devices Formed via Morphology Control of Electroconductive Bio-Nanocomposites. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2018, 4, 1700495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari, A.; Mishra, A. P.; Dhakate, S. R.; Khan, R.; Shukla, S. K. Synthesis of Electrically Active Biopolymer–SiO2 Nanocomposite Aerogel. Mater. Lett. 2007, 61, 4587–4590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, X. H.; Ren, G. L.; Cheng, J.; Liu, Q.; Li, D. G.; Chen, Q. Self-Assembly of Polyaniline- Grafted Chitosan/Glucose Oxidase Nano Layered Films for Electrochemical Biosensor Applications. J. Mater. Sci. 2006, 41, 4974–4977.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla, S. K.; Tiwari, A. Synthesis of Chemical Responsive Chitosan–Grafted-Polyaniline Bio-Composite. AMR. 2011, 306–307, 82–86.
   Google Scholar
• Ayad, M. M.; Salahuddin, N. A.; Minisy, I. M.; Amer, W. A. Chitosan/Polyaniline Nanofibers Coating on the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Electrode for Gas Sensing. Sens. Actuators B 2014, 202, 144–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaharwar, A. K.; Peppas, N. A.; Khademhosseini, A. Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014, 111, 441–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gareev, K.; Bagrets, V.; Golubkov, V.; Ivanitsa, M.; Khmelnitskiy, I.; Luchinin, V.; Mikhailova, O.; Testov, D. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electronic Devices. Electronics. 2020, 9, 734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, J.; Shin, K. H.; Jang, J. Micropatterning of Conducting Polymer Tracks on Plasma Treated Flexible Substrate Using Vapor Phase Polymerization-Mediated Inkjet Printing. Synth. Met. 2010, 160, 1119–1125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Macia, L.; Morrin, A.; Smyth, M. R.; Killard, A. J. Advanced Printing and Deposition Methodologies for the Fabrication of Biosensors and Biodevices. Analyst. 2010, 135, 845–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ummartyotin, S.; Juntaro, J.; Wu, C.; Sain, M.; Manuspiya, H. Deposition of PEDOT: PSS Nanoparticles as a Conductive Microlayer Anode in OLED Devices by Desktop Inkjet Printer. J. Nanomater. 2011, 2011, 1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshammary, B.; Walsh, F. C.; Herrasti, P.; Ponce de Leon, C. Electrodeposited Conductive Polymers for Controlled Drug Release: Polypyrrole. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2016, 20, 839–859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenger-Smith, J. D. Intrinsically Electrically Conducting Polymers, Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 1998, 23, 57–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nezakati, T.; Seifalian, A.; Tan, A.; Seifalian, A. M. Conductive Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges in Biomedical Applications. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 6766–6843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, Y. Z.; Li, M. M.; Gu, C. Z.; Wan, M. X.; Duvail, J. L.; Liu, Z. W.; Fan, Z. Y. Recent Advances in Synthesis, Physical Properties and Applications of Con-Ducting Polymer Nanotubes and Nanofibers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011, 36, 1415–1442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nezakati, T.; Tan, A.; Lim, J.; Cormia, R. D.; Teoh, S. H.; Seifalian, A. M. Ultra-Low Percolation Threshold POSS-PCL/Graphene Electrically Conductive Polymer: Neural Tissue Engineering Nanocomposites for Neurosurgery. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2019, 104, 109915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanaviciene, A.; Kausaite, A.; Tautkus, S.; Ramanavicius, A. Biocompatibility of Polypyrrole Particles: An in-Vivo Study in Mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2007, 59, 311–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, A.; Banerjee, S.; Saikia, J. P.; Konwar, B. K. Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation Induced Enhancement in the Antioxidant Activity and Biocompatibility of Polyaniline Nanofibers. Nanotechnology. 2010, 21, 175102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. H.; Dong, Y. Q.; Sengothi, K.; Tan, K. L.; Kang, E. T. In-Vivo Tissue Response to Polyaniline. Synt. Metal. 1999, 102, 1313–1314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H. C.; Zhu, B.; Sekine, J.; Luo, S. C.; Yu, H. H. Oligoethylene-Glycol-Functionalized Polyoxythiophenes for Cell Engineering: Syntheses, Characterizations, and Cell Compatibilities. ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2012, 4, 680–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner, B.; Georgevich, A.; Hodgson, A. J.; Liu, L.; Wallace, G. G. Polypyrrole-Heparin Composites as Stimulus-Responsive Substrates for Endothelial Cell Growth. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1999, 44, 121–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, D. H.; Wiler, J. A.; Anderson, D. J.; Kipke, D. R.; Martin, D. C. Conducting Polymers on Hydrogel-Coated Neural Electrode Provide Sensitive Neural Recordings in Auditory Cortex. Acta Biomater. 2010, 6, 57–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, K. M.; Karlsson, R.; Svennersten, K.; Lo Er, S.; Jager, E. W. H.; Richter-Dahlfors, A.; Konradsson, P.; Berggren, M. Electronic Control of Cell Detachment Using a Self-Doped Conducting Polymer. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4403–4408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. W.; Serna, F.; Nickels, J.; Schmidt, C. E. Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Conductive Polypyrrole as a Bioactive Platform for Cell Adhesion. Biomacromolecules. 2006, 7, 1692–1965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nambiar, S.; Yeow, J. T. W. Conductive Polymer-Based Sensors for Biomedical Applications. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2011, 26, 1825–1832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q.; Wang, Q.; Teng, W. Injectable, Degradable, Electroactive Nanocomposite Hydrogels Containing Conductive Polymer Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Int. J. Nanomed. 2016, 11, 131–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, A. M.; KAdir, M. R. A.; Razak, S. I. A. Novel PLA-Based Conductive Polymercomposites for Biomedical Applications. JOM 2017, 69, 2838–2843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balint, R.; Cassidy, N. J.; Cartmell, S. H. Conductive Polymers: Towards a Smart Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering. Acta Biomater. 2014, 10, 2341–2353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirci, S.; Sutekin, S.; Sahiner, N. Polymeric Composites Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Cryogel and Conductive Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization. J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4, 33.
   Google Scholar
• Privett, B. J.; Shin, J. H.; Schoenfisch, M. H. Electrochemical Sensors. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 4723–4741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreescu, S.; Sadik, O. A. Trends and Challenges in Biochemical Sensors for Clinical and Environmental Monitoring. Pure Appl. Chem. 2004, 76, 861–878.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, H.; Shi, G. Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers. Sensors. 2007, 7, 267–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sołoducho, J.; Cabaj, J.; Swist, A. Structure and Sensor Properties of Thin Ordered Solid Films. Sensors 2009, 9, 7733–7752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozlosnik, N. New Directions in Medical Biosensors Employing Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxy Thiophene) Derivative-Based Electrodes. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 395, 637–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanardi, C.; Terzi, F.; Seeber, R. Polythiophenes and Polythiophene-Based Composites in Amperometric Sensing. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2013, 405, 509–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patten, H. V.; Ventosa, E.; Colina, A.; Ruiz, V.; Lopez-Palacios, J.; Wain, A. J.; Lai, S. C. S.; Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. Influence of Ultrathin Poly-(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Film Supports on the Electrodeposition and Electrocatalytic Activity of Discrete Platinum Nanoparticles. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2011, 15, 2331–2339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao, H.; Liu, X.; Chao, D.; Cui, L.; Li, Y.; Zhang, W.; Wang, C. Preparation of Unique PEDOT Nanorods with a Couple of Cuspate Tips by Reverse Interfacial Polymerization and Their Electrocatalytic Application to Detect Nitrite. J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 10277–10284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker, H.; Tuczek, F. Tyrosinase/Catecholoxidase Activity of Hemocyanins: Structural Basis and Molecular Mechanism. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2000, 25, 392–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantoni, P.; Serrano, S.; Oliveira Brett, A. M.; Gutz, I. Flow-Injection Determination of Catechol with a New Tyrosinase/DNA Biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta. 1998, 366, 137–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nistor, C.; Emneus, J.; Gorton, L.; Ciucu, A. Improved Stability and Altered Selectivity of Tyrosinase Based Graphite Electrodes for Detection of Phenolic Compounds. Anal. Chim. Acta 1999, 387, 309–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupu, S.; Lete, C.; Balaure, P.; Caval, D.; Mihailciuc, C.; Lakard, B.; Hihn, J.; Camp, F. Development of Amperometric Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Tyrosinase-Conducting Polymer Composite Electrodes. Sensors. 2013, 13, 6759–6774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahadat, M.; Khan, M. Z.; Rupani, P. F.; Embrandiri, A.; Sultana, S.; Shaikh, Z. A.; Ali, S. W.; Sreekrishnan, T. R. A. Critical Review on the Prospect of Polyaniline-Grafted Biodegradable Nanocomposite. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017, 249, 2–16.
   Google Scholar
• Shukla, S. K.; Shukla, S. K.; Govender, P. P.; Giri, N. G. Biodegradable Polymeric Nanostructures in Therapeutic Applications: Opportunities and Challenges. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 94325–94351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, L.; Prabhakaran, M. P.; Morshed, M.; Nasr- Esfahani, M. H.; Baharvand, H.; Kiani, S.; Al -Deyab, S. S.; Ramakrishna, S. Application of Conductive Polymers, Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Nerve Tissue Engineering. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2011, 5, e17–e35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, X.; Marois, Y.; Traoré, A.; Tessier, D.; Dao, L. H.; Guidoin, R.; Zhang, Z. Tissue Reaction to Polypyrrole-Coated Polyester Fabrics: An In Vivo Study in Rats. Tissue Eng. 2002, 8, 635–647.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guilak, F.; Butler, D. L.; Goldstein, S. A.; Baaijens, F. P. Biomechanics and Mechanobiology in Functional Tissue Engineering. J. Biomech. 2014, 47, 1933–1940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, D. L.; Goldstein, S. A.; Guldberg, R. E.; Guo, X. E.; Kamm, R.; Laurencin, C. T.; McIntire, L. V.; Mow, V. C.; Nerem, R. M.; Sah, R. L.; et al. ;. The Impact of Biomechanics in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Tissue Eng. B Rev. 2009, 15, 477–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolarcik, C. L.; Luebben, S. D.; Sapp, S. A.; Hanner, J.; Snyder, N.; Kozai, T. D.; Chang, E.; Nabity, J. A.; Nabity, S. T.; Lagenaur, C. F.; Cui, X. T. Elastomeric and Soft Conducting Microwires for Implantable Neural Interfaces. Soft Matter. 2015, 11, 4847–4861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seyedin, S.; Razal, J. M.; Innis, P. C.; Jeiranikhameneh, A.; Beirne, S.; Wallace, G. G. Knitted Strain Sensor Textiles of Highly Conductive All-Polymeric Fibers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2015, 7, 21150–21158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, B. U.; Lee, J. H.; Trung, T. Q.; Roh, E.; Kim, D. I.; Kim, S. W.; Lee, N. E. Transparent Stretchable Self-Powered Patchable Sensor Platform with Ultrasensitive Recognition of Human Activities. ACS Nano. 2015, 9, 8801–8810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M.; Li, H.; Zhong, W.; Zhao, Q.; Wang, D. Stretchable Conductive Polypyrrole/Polyurethane (PPy/PU) Strain Sensor with Netlike Microcracks for Human Breath Detection. ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2014, 6, 1313–1319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madrigal, M. M. P.; Giannotti, M. I.; Oncins, G.; Franco, L.; Armelin, E.; Puiggal_, J.; Sanz, F.; del Valle, L. J. Alem_ an, C. Bioactive Nanomembranes of Semiconductor Polythiophene and Thermoplastic Polyurethane: Thermal, Nanostructural and Nanomechanical Properties. Polym. Chem. 2013, 4, 568–583.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qazi, T. H.; Rai, R.; Dippold, D.; Roether, J. E.; Schubert, D. W.; Rosellini, E.; Barbani, N.; Boccaccini, A. R. Development and Characterization of Novel Electrically Conductive PANI-PGS Composites for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications. Acta Biomater. 2014, 10, 2434–2445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jun, I.; Jeong, S.; Shin, H. The Stimulation of Myoblast Differentiation by Electrically Conductive Sub-Micron Fibers. Biomaterials. 2009, 30, 2038–2047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Madrigal, M. M.; Giannotti, M. I.; del Valle, L. J.; Franco, L.; Armelin, E.; Puiggal._, J.; Sanz, F.; Aleman, C. Thermoplastic Polyurethane:Polythiophene Nanomembranes for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2014, 6, 9719–9732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costantini, A.; Luciani, G.; Annunziata, G.; Silvestri, B.; Branda, F. Swelling Properties and Bioactivity of Silica Gel/pHEMA Nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2006, 17, 319–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H.; Yang, G. H.; Jae, M. K.; Lee, Y.; Huh, J. T.; Kim, G. H. Fabrication of Micro/Nanoporous Collagen/dECM/Silk-Fibroin Biocomposite Scaffolds Using a Low Temperature 3D Printing Process for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2018, 84, 140–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. D.; Kim, J. H. Synthesis of Polypyrrole-Polycaprolactone Composites by Emulsion Polymerization and the Electrorheological Behavior of Their Suspensions. Colloid Polym. Sci. 2008, 286, 631–637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. Y.; Bashur, C. A.; Goldstein, A. S.; Schmidt, C. E. Polypyrrole-Coated Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers for Neural Tissue Applications. Biomaterials. 2009, 30, 4325–4335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, G. X.; Rouabhia, M.; Wang, Z. X.; Dao, L. H.; Zhang, Z. A Novel Electrically Conductive and Biodegradable Composite Made of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Polylactide. Biomaterials. 2004, 25, 2477–2488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runge, M. B.; Dadsetan, M.; Baltrusaitis, J.; Knight, A. M.; Ruesink, T.; Lazcano, E. A.; Lu, L.; Windebank, A. J.; Yaszemski, M. J. The Development of Electrically Conductive Polycaprolactone Fumarate-Polypyrrole Composite Materials for Nerve Regeneration. Biomaterials. 2010, 31, 5916–5926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, J. W.; MacEwan, M. R.; Willerth, S. M.; Li, X. R.; Moran, D. W.; Sakiyama-Elbert, S. E.; Xia, Y. Conductive Core-Sheath Nanofibers and Their Potential Application in Neural Tissue Engineering. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 2312–2318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, G. X.; Rouabhia, M.; Meng, S. Y.; Zhang, Z. Electrical Stimulation Enhances Viability of Human Cutaneous Fibroblasts on Conductive Biodegradable Substrates. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2008, 84, 1026–1037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. Y.; Guo, Y.; Wei, Y.; MacDiarmid, A. G.; Lelkes, P. I. Electrospinning Polyaniline- Contained Gelatin Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomaterials. 2006, 27, 2705–2715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. S.; Hobbs, H. L.; Wang, L.; Rutten, M. J.; Wamser, C. C. Biocompatible Composites of Polyaniline Nanofibers and Collagen. Synth. Met. 2009, 159, 1313–1318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroder, P.; Runge, M. B.; Wang, H. A.; Ruesink, T.; Lu, L. C.; Spinner, R. J.; Windebank, A. J.; Yaszemski, M. J. Material Properties and Electrical Stimulation Regimens of Polycaprolactone Fumarate-Polypyrrole Scaffolds as Potential Conductive Nerve Conduits. Acta Biomater. 2011, 7, 944–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broda, C. R.; Lee, J. Y.; Sirivisoot, S.; Schmidt, C. E.; Harrison, B. S. A Chemically Polymerized Electrically Conducting Composite of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Polyurethane for Tissue Engineering. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2011, 98, 509–516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J. H.; Hu, X. Y.; Lu, L.; Ye, Z.; Zhang, Q. Y.; Luo, Z. J. Electrical Reg-Ulation of Schwann Cells Using Conductive Polypyrrole/Chitosan Polymers. J. Biomedical Mat. Res. A 2010, 93, 164–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, Y.; Wu, H.; Wen, D. J. Porous-Conductive Chitosan Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering, 1. Preparation and characterization. Macromol. Biosci. 2004, 4, 882–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, L.; Prabhakaran, M. P.; Morshed, M.; Nasr-Esfahani, M. H.; Ramakrishna, S. Electrical Stimulation of Nerve Cells Using Conductive Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng. A. 2009, 15, 3605–3619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, E. T.; Neoh, K. G.; Huang, S. W.; Lim, S. L.; Tan, K. L. Surface-Functionalized Polyaniline Films. J. Phys. Chem. B. 1997, 101, 10744–10750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, S. I.; Jun, I. D.; Choi, M. J.; Nho, Y. C.; Lee, Y. M.; Shin, H. Development of Electroactive and Elastic Nanofibers That Contain Polyaniline and Poly(l-Lactide-co-Epsilon Caprolactone) for the Control of Cell Adhesion. Macromol. Biosci. 2008, 8, 627–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirivisoot, S.; Pareta, R.; Harrison, B. S. Protocol and Cell Responses in Three-Dimensional Conductive Collagen Gel Scaffolds with Conductive Polymer Nanofibres for Tissue Regeneration. Interface Focus. 2014, 4, 20130050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge, D.; Qi, R.; Mu, J.; Ru, X.; Hong, S.; Ji, S.; Linkov, V.; Shi, W. A Self-Powered and Thermally-Responsive Drug Delivery System Based on Conducting Polymers. Electrochem. Commun. 2010, 12, 1087–1090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P.; Huang, C.; Xing, Y.; Fang, W.; Ren, J.; Yu, H.; Wang, G. NIR-Light- and pH-Responsive Graphene Oxide Hybrid Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels. Langmuir 2019, 35, 1021–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbro, C.; Ali-Boucetta, H.; Da Ros, T.; Kostarelos, K.; Bianco, A.; Prato, M. Targeting Carbon Nanotubes Against Cancer. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 3911–3926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H.; Zhao, P.; Liang, X.; Gong, X.; Song, T.; Niu, R.; Chang, J. Folate-PEG Coated Cationic Modified Chitosan-Cholesterol Liposomes for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery. Biomaterials. 2010, 31, 4129–4138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arunraj, T. R.; Rejinold, N. S.; Kumar, N. A.; Jayakumar, R. Doxorubicin-Chitin-Poly (Caprolactone) Composite Nanogel for Drug Delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2013, 62, 35–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafabadi, A. H.; Abdouss, M.; Faghihi, S. Synthesis and Evaluation of PEG-O-Chitosan Nanoparticles for Delivery of Poor Water Soluble Drugs: Ibuprofen. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2014, 41, 91–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawar, H.; Douroumis, D.; Boateng, J. S. Preparation and Optimization of PMAA-chitosan-PEG Nanoparticles for Oral Drug Delivery. Colloids Surf. B Biointerf. 2012, 90, 102–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, C.; Le, V.; Lang, M.; Liu, J. Preparation of Polysaccharide Derivates Chitosan- Graft-Poly (e-Caprolactone) Amphiphilic Copolymer Micelles for 5-Fluorouracil Drug Delivery. Colloids Surf. B Biointerf. 2014, 116, 745–750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C.; Wu, Y.; Zhao, L.; Huang, X. Preparation of Acetylsalicylic Acid-Acylated Chitosan as a Novel Polymeric Drug for Drug Controlled Release. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 78, 189–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, S.; Rao, S.; Zhu, J.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Duan, Y.; Chen, X.; Yin, J. Nanoporous Multilayer Poly(l-Glutamic Acid)/Chitosan Microcapsules for Drug Delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 2012, 427, 443–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla, S. K. Imaging, Tissue Engineering, Nanostructure Polymers in Function Generating Substitute and Organ Transplants. In Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery; Tiwari, Ashutosh, Tiwari, Atul, Eds.; Beverly, MA: Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2013; pp 389–416.
   Google Scholar
• Sabel, B. A.; Dominiak, P.; H€Auser, W.; During, M. J.; Freese, A. Levodopa Delivery from Controlled-Release Polymer Matrix: delivery of More than 600 Days in Vitro and 225 Days of Elevated Plasma Levels after Subcutaneous Implantation in Rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therm. 1990, 255, 914–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, J. B.; Robinson, T. E.; Barton, P.; Sintov, A.; Siden, R.; Levy, R. J. Sustained Behavioral Recovery from Unilateral Nigrostriatal Damage Produced by the Controlled Release of Dopamine from a Silicone Polymer Pellet Placed into the Denervated Striatum. Brain Res. 1990, 508, 60–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yannas, I. V.; Orgill, D. P.; Silver, J.; Norregaard, T. V.; Zervas, N. T.; Schoene, W. C. Polymeric Template Facilitates Regeneration of Sciatic-Nerve across 15-mm Gap. Trans. Soc. Biomater. 1985, 11, 146.
   Google Scholar
• Madison, R. D.; Da Silva, C. F.; Dikkes, P. Entubulation Repair with Protein Additives Increases the Maximum Nerve Gap Distance Successfully Bridged with Tubular Prostheses. Brain Res. 1988, 447, 325–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentini, R. F.; Aebischer, P.; Winn, S. R.; Galletti, P. M. Collagen- and Laminin-Containing Gels Impede Peripheral Nerve Regeneration through Semipermeable Nerve Guidance Channels. Exp. Neurol. 1987, 98, 350–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z.; Rouabhia, M.; Wang, Z.; Roberge, C.; Shi, G.; Roche, P.; Li, J.; Dao, L. H. Electrically Conductive Biodegradable Polymer Composite for Nerve Regeneration: Electricity-Stimulated Neurite Outgrowth and Axon Regeneration. Artif. Organs. 2007, 31, 13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, J.; Sun, B.; Liu, S.; Chen, W.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, C.; Mo, X.; Che, J.; Ouyang, Y.; Yuan, W.; Fan, C. Polymerizing Pyrrole Coated Poly (l-Lactic Acid-co-e-Caprolactone) (PLCL) Conductive Nanofibrous Conduit Combined with Electric Stimulation for Long-Range Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 2016, 9, 117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S.; Guan, S.; Zhu, Z.; Li, W.; Liu, T.; Ma, X. Hyaluronic Acid doped-poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Chitosan/Gelatin (PEDOT-HA/Cs/Gel) Porous Conductive Scaffold for Nerve Regeneration. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2017, 71, 308–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, D. N.; Song, S.-J.; Kim, H.-J.; Lee, Y. J.; Ko, W.-K.; Lee, S. J.; Lee, D.; Park, S. J.; Zhang, L. G.; Kang, J. Y.; et al. ;. Multifunctional Hydrogel Coatings on the Surface of Neural Cuff Electrode for Improving Electrode-Nerve Tissue Interfaces. Acta Biomater. 2016, 39, 25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrucha, K.; Marzec, E.; Kudzin, M. Pore Structure and Dielectric Behaviour of the 3D collagen-DAC Scaffolds Designed for Nerve Tissue Repair. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2016, 92, 1298–1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, D.; Fan, L.; Gao, L.; Xiong, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Q.; Yu, A.; Dai, H.; Yin, Y.; Cai, J.; Zhang, L. Micro-Nanostructured Polyaniline Assembled in Cellulose Matrix via Interfacial Polymerization for Applications in Nerve Regeneration. ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2016, 8, 17090–17097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutmacher, D. W. Scaffold Design and Fabrication Technologies for Engineering Tissues – State of the Art and Future Perspectives. J. Biomater. Sci. Poly. Ed. 2001, 12, 107–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvir, T.; Timko, B. P.; Kohane, D. S.; Langer, R. Nanotechnological Strategies for Engineering Complex Tissues. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, Y.; Engelmayr, G.; Auguste, D. T.; Ferreira, L.; Karp, J. M.; Saigal, R. Three Dimensional Scaffolds. In Principles of Tissue Engineering, 3rd ed.; Lanza, R.; Langer, R.; Vacanti, J.P, Eds.; Elsevier, Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2007; pp 359–373.
   Google Scholar
• Keaveny, T. M.; Morgan, E. F.; Yeh, O. C. Bone Mechanics in Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering and Design. In Kutz, M., Ed.; Mc-Graw Hill: New York, NY, 2003; Vol. 8, pp 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Alves, N. M.; Pashkuleva, I.; Reis, R. L.; Mano, J. F. Controlling Cell Behavior through the Design of Polymer Surfaces. Small. 2010, 6, 2208–2220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castner, D. G.; Ratner, B. D. Biomedical Surface Science: Foundations to Frontiers. Surf. Sci. 2002, 500, 28–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, M. A.; Delcourt, C.; Alexandre, M.; Degee, P.; Monteverde, F.; Dubois, P. Polylactide/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: study of the Hydrolytic Degradation. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2005, 87, 535–542.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamekhi, M. A.; Mirzadeh, H.; Mahdavi, H.; Rabiee, A.; Mohebbi-Kalhori, D.; Eslaminejad, M. B. Graphene Oxide Containing Chitosan Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 127, 396–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, C.; Frantz, J.; Bugbee, B. Macro- and Micronutrient- Release Characteristics of Three Polymer-Coated Fertilizers: Theory and Measurements. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2013, 176, 76–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd El-Aziz, M. E.; Morsi, S. M. M.; Salama, D. M.; Abdel-Aziz, M. S.; Abd Elwahed, M. S.; Shaaban, E. A.; Youssef, A. M. Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Polyacrylic Acid/Copper Nanocomposites and Their Impact on Onion Production. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 123, 856–865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhardwaj, A. K.; Shainberg, I.; Goldstein, D.; Warrington, D. N.; Levy, G. J. Water Retention and Hydraulic Conductivity of Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides in Sandy Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2007, 71, 406–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhim, J. W.; Park, H. M.; Ha, C. S. Bio-Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2013, 38, 1629–1652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neethirajan, S.; Ragavan, V.; Weng, X.; Chand, R. Biosensors for Sustainable Food Engineering: Challenges and Perspectives. Biosensors. 2018, 8, 23.
   Google Scholar
• Arora, K. Advances in Nano Based Biosensors for Food and Agriculture. In Nanotechnology, Food Security and Water Treatment. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World; Gothandam K., Ranjan S., Dasgupta N., Ramalingam C. Lichtfouse E., Eds.; Springer: Cham, 2018; pp 1–52.
   Google Scholar
• Guilherme, M. R.; Aouada, F. A.; Fajardo, A. R.; Martins, A. F.; Paulino, A. T.; Davi, M. F. T.; Rubira, A. F.; Muniz, E. C. Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based on Polysaccharides for Application in Agriculture as Soil Conditioner and Nutrient Carrier: A Review. Eur. Polym. J. 2015, 72, 365–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mello, L. D.; Kubota, L. T. Review of the Use of Biosensors as Analytical Tools in the Food and Drink Industries. Food Chem. 2002, 77, 237–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naseri, M.; Fotouhi, L.; Ehsani, A. Recent Progress in the Development of Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Biosensors Applications: A Mini- Review. Chem. Rec. 2018, 18, 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feller, J. F. Conductive Polymer Composites: influence of Extrusion Conditions on Positive Temperature Coefficient Effect of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)/Poly(Olefin)-Carbon Black Blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 91, 2151–2157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla, S. K.; Parlak, O.; Shukla, S. K.; Mishra, S.; Turner, A. P.; Tiwari, A. Self- Reporting Micellar Polymer Nanostructures for Optical Urea Biosensing. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 8509–8514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buk, V.; Emregul, E.; Emregul, K. C. Alginate Copper Oxide Nano-Biocomposite as a Novel Material for Amperometric Glucose Biosensing. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2017, 74, 307–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, J.; Ji, P.; Wang, B.; Wang, H.; Chen, S. Color-Tunable Luminescent Acrofibers Based on CdTe QDs-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers for pH and Glucose Sensing. Sens. Actu. B Chem. 2018, 254, 110–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, A.; Kumar, A. Study of Structural and Electro-Catalytic Behaviour of Amperometric Biosensor Based on Chitosan/Polypyrrole Nanotubes-Gold Anoparticles Nano Composites. Synth. Met. 2016, 220, 551–559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retama, J. R.; Mecerreyes, D.; Lopez-Ruiz, B.; Lopez-Cabarcos, E. Synthesis and Characterization of Semiconducting Polypyrrole/Polyacrylamide Microparticles with GOx for Biosensor Applications. Colloids Surf. A Physiochem. Eng. Asp. 2005, 270–271, 239–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xi, F.; Liu, L.; Wu, Q.; Lin, X. One-Step Construction of Biosensor Based on Chitosan-Ionic Liquid-Horseradish Peroxidase Biocomposite Formed by Electrodeposition. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2008, 24, 29–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, H.; Wang, J.; Kang, X.; Wang, C.; Wang, D.; Liu, J.; Aksay, I. A.; Lin, Y. Glucose Biosensor Based on Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase in Platinum Nanoparticles/Graphene/Chitosan Nanocomposite Film. Talanta. 2009, 80, 403–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sultana, S. Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Properties of CdI2 Doped Al2O3 and TiO2 Superionic Conductors. J. Alloys Compd. 2011, 509, 9842–9848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurniawan, T. A.; Chan, G. Y.; Lo, W. H.; Babel, S. Physico–Chemical Treatment Techniques for Waste Water Laden with Heavy Metals. Chem. Eng. J. 2006, 118, 93–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi, M. R.; Viswanathan, N.; Meenakshi, S. Preparation and Application of Alumina/Chitosan Biocomposite. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2010, 47, 146–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayakumar, R.; Prabaharan, M.; Reis, R. L.; Mano, J. F. Graft Copolymerized Chitosan— Present Status and Applications. Carbohydr. Polym. 2005, 62, 142–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed, E. M. Hydrogel: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications: A Review. J. Adv. Res. 2015, 6, 105–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y.; Kaplan, J. A.; Shieh, A.; Sun, H.-L.; Croce, C. M.; Grinstaff, M. W.; Parquette, J. R. Self-Assembly of a 5-Fluorouracil-Dipeptide Hydrogel. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 5254–5257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, X.; Chen, X.; Chai, Q.; Ayres, N. Synthesis of Polymer Organogelators Using Hydrogen Bonding as Physical Cross-Links. Colloid Polym. Sci. 2016, 294, 59–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billiet, T.; Vandenhaute, M.; Schelfhout, J.; Van Vlierberghe, S.; Dubruel, P. A Review of Trends and Limitations in Hydrogel-Rapid Prototyping for Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials. 2012, 33, 6020–6041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelmi, A.; Ljunggren, M. K.; Green, R. A.; Hassarati, R. T.; Goding, J. A.; Baek, S.; Lovell, N. H.; Martens, P. J.; Poole-Warren, L. A. Conductive Hydrogels: Mechanically Robust Hybrids for Use as Biomaterials. Macromol. Biosci. 2012, 12, 494–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Q.; Wu, J.; Sun, H.; Lin, J.; Fan, S.; Hu, D. Polyaniline/Polyacrylamide Conducting Composite Hydrogel with a Porous Structure. Carbohydr. Polym. 2008, 74, 215–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, B.; Finne-Wistrand, A.; Albertsson, A.-C. Degradable and Electroactive Hydrogels with Tunable Electrical Conductivity and Swelling Behavior. Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 1254–1262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y.; Feng, H.; Li, L.; Shang, S.; Chun-Wah Yuen, M. Synthesis and Properties of Polypyrrole/Chitosan Composite Hydrogels. J. Macromol. Sci. A. 2013, 50, 1225–1229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, T.-S.; Pillay, V.; Choonara, Y. E.; Du Toit, L. C.; Modi, G.; Naidoo, D.; Kumar, P. A Polyvinyl Alcohol-Polyaniline Based Electro-Conductive Hydrogel for Controlled Stimuli-Actuable Release of Indomethacin. Polymers. 2011, 3, 150–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, G.; Spinks, G. Conducting Polymers – Bridging the Bionic Interface. Soft Matter. 2007, 3, 665–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X.; Gilmore, K. J.; Moulton, S. E.; Wallace, G. G. Electrical Stimulation Promotes Nerve Cell Differentiation on Polypyrrole/Poly (2-Methoxy-5 Aniline Sulfonic Acid) Composites. J. Neural Eng. 2009, 6, 065002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura, K.; Kinoshita, E.; Hatakeyama, T.; Hatakeyama, H. TMA Measurement of Swelling Behavior of Polysaccharide Hydrogels. Thermochim. Acta. 2000, 352–353, 171–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, P.; Vermani, K.; Garg, S. Hydrogels: From Controlled Release to pH-Responsive Drug Delivery. Drug Discov. Today. 2002, 7, 569–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dou, P.; Liu, Z.; Cao, Z.; Zheng, J.; Wang, C.; Xu, X. Rapid Synthesis of Hierarchical Nanostructured Polyaniline Hydrogel for High Power Density Energy Storage Application and Three-Dimensional Multilayers Printing. J. Mater. Sci. 2016, 51, 4274–4282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredas, J. L.; Street, G. B. Polarons, Bipolarons, and Solitons in Conducting Polymers. Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 309–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q.; Wu, J.; Lan, Z.; Zheng, M.; Yue, G.; Lin, J.; Huang, M. Preparation of PAA-g-PEG/PANI Polymer Gel Electrolyte and Its Application in Quasi Solid State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2015, 55, 322–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawad, D.; Stewart, E.; Officer, D. L.; Romeo, T.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, K.; Wallace, G. G. A Single Component Conducting Polymer Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 2692–2699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strong, L. E.; Dahotre, S. N.; West, J. L. Hydrogel-Nanoparticle Composites for Optically Modulated Cancer Therapeutic Delivery. J. Control. Release. 2014, 178, 63–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, C.; Shi, Y.; Pena, D. A.; Peng, L.; Yu, G. Thermally Responsive Hydrogel Blends: A General Drug Carrier Model for Controlled Drug Release. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2015, 54, 7376–7380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L.; Shi, Y.; Pan, L.; Shi, Y.; Yu, G. Rational Design and Applications of Conducting Polymer Hydrogels as Electrochemical Biosensors. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2015, 3, 2920–2930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, B. S.; Atala, A. Carbon Nanotube Applications for Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials. 2007, 28, 344–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shevach, M.; Fleischer, S.; Shapira, A.; Dvir, T. Gold Nanoparticle-Decellularized Matrix Hybrids for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 5792–5796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skardal, A.; Zhang, J.; McCoard, L.; Xu, X.; Oottamasathien, S.; Prestwich, G. D. Photocrosslinkable Hyaluronan-Gelatin Hydrogels for Two-Step Bioprinting. Tissue Eng. A. 2010, 16, 2675–2685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, H.; Zhou, J.; Huang, Z.; Qu, L.; Lin, N.; Liang, C.; Dai, R.; Tang, L.; Tian, F. Carbon Nanotube-Incorporated Collagen Hydrogels Improve Cell Alignment and the Performance of Cardiac Constructs. IJN. 2017, 12, 3109–3120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chansai, P.; Sirivat, A.; Niamlang, S.; Chotpattananont, D.; Viravaidya-Pasuwat, K. Controlled Transdermal Iontophoresis of Sulfosalicylic Acid from Polypyrrole/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel. Int. J. Pharm. 2009, 381, 25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runge, M. B.; Dadsetan, M.; Baltrusaitis, J.; Ruesink, T.; Lu, L.; Windebank, A. J.; Yaszemski, M. J. Development of Electrically Conductive Oligo(Polyethylene Glycol) Fumarate-Polypyrrole Hydrogels for Nerve Regeneration. Biomacromolecules. 2010, 11, 2845–2853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, H.; Zhong, M.; Kim, Y. J.; Pholpabu, P.; Balasubramanian, A.; Hui, C. M.; He, H.; Yang, H.; Matyjaszewski, K.; Bettinger, C. J. Biologically Derived Soft Conducting Hydrogels Using Heparin-Doped Polymer Networks. ACS Nano. 2014, 8, 4348–4357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarino, V.; Alvarez-Perez, M. A.; Borriello, A.; Napolitano, T.; Ambrosio, L. Conductive PANi/PEGDA Macroporous Hydrogels for Nerve Regeneration. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2013, 2, 218–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, L.; Li, X.; Takemura, T.; Hanagata, N.; Wu, G.; Chou, L. L. Genotoxicity and Molecular Response of Silver Nanoparticle (NP)-Based Hydrogel. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2012, 10, 16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing, R.; Liu, K.; Jiao, T.; Zhang, N.; Ma, K.; Zhang, R.; Zou, Q.; Ma, G.; Yan, X. An Injectable Self-Assembling Collagen–Gold Hybrid Hydrogel for Combinatorial Antitumor Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 3669–3676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zare, M.; Ramezani, Z.; Rahbar, N. Development of Zirconia Nanoparticles-Decorated Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Fibers for Extraction of Organophosphorous Pesticides from Water and Juice Samples: Facile Synthesis and Application with Elimination of Matrix Effects. J. Chromatogr. A. 2016, 1473, 28–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paquet, C.; de Haan, H. W.; Leek, D. M.; Lin, H.-Y.; Xiang, B.; Tian, G.; Kell, A.; Simard, B. Clusters of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Hydrogel: A Particle Architecture Generating a Synergistic Enhancement of the T2 Relaxation. ACS Nano. 2011, 5, 3104–3112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, X.; Gu, W.; Li, B.; Chen, N.; Zhao, K.; Xian, Y. Enzymatic Biosensors Based on the Use of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Microchim. Acta. 2014, 181, 1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez-Sánchez, C.; Pita, M.; Vaz-Domínguez, C.; Shleev, S.; De Lacey, A. L. Gold Nanoparticles as Electronic Bridges for Laccase-Based Biocathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 17212–17220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Y.; Ma, C.; Peng, L.; Yu, G. Conductive “Smart” Hybrid Hydrogels with PNIPAM and Nanostructured Conductive Polymers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 1219–1225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehrke, S. H.; Fisher, J. P.; Palasis, M.; Lund, M. E. Factors Determining Hydrogel Permeability. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2006, 831, 179–184.
   Google Scholar
• Pedrotty, D. M.; Koh, J.; Davis, B. H.; Taylor, D. A.; Wolf, P.; Niklason, L. E. Engineering Skeletal Myoblasts: Roles of Three-Dimensional Culture and Electrical Stimulation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2005, 288, H1620–H1626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore, K.; Hodgson, A. J.; Luan, B.; Small, C. J.; Wallace, G. G. Preparation of Hydrogel/Conducting Polymer Composites. Polym. Gels Netw. 1994, 2, 135–143.
   Google Scholar
• Kawahara, Y.; Yamaoka, K.; Iwata, M.; Fujimura, M.; Kajiume, T.; Magaki, T.; Takeda, M.; Ide, T.; Kataoka, K.; Asashima, M.; Yuge, L. Novel Electrical Stimulation Sets the Cultured Myoblast Contractile Function to ‘on'. Pathobiology. 2006, 73, 288–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, Y.-J.; Yi, H.-G.; Kim, S.-W.; Cho, D.-W. 3D Cell Printed Tissue Analogues: A New Platform for Theranostics. Theranostics. 2017, 7, 3118–3137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayyar, S.; Murray, E.; Thompson, B. C.; Chung, J.; Officer, D. L.; Gambhir, S.; Spinks, G. M.; Wallace, G. G. Processable Conducting Graphene/Chitosan Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2015, 3, 481–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing, X.; Mi, H.-Y.; Napiwocki, B. N.; Peng, X.-F.; Turng, L.-S. Mussel-Inspired Electroactive Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite Hydrogel with Rapid Self-Healing and Recovery Behavior for Tissue Engineering. Carbon. 2017, 125, 557–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, B.; Yao, F.; Hao, T.; Fang, W.; Ye, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Wang, C. Development of Electrically Conductive Double-Network Hydrogels via One-Step Facile Strategy for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2016, 5, 474–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajendiran, M.; Choi, J.; Kim, S.-J.; Kim, K.; Shin, H.; Koo, H.-J.; Kim, K. Conductive Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2017, 51, 12–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baena, J. M.; Galvez-Martin, P.; Sabata, R. Development of Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine. J. Biotechnol. Biomater. 2017, 7.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, Z.; Gao, H.; Feng, J.; Ding, B.; Cao, X.; Kuga, S.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Cai, J. In Situ Synthesis of Robust Conductive Cellulose/Polypyrrole Composite Aerogels and Their Potential Application in Nerve Regeneration. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2014, 53, 5380–5384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, S. R.; Jung, S. M.; Zalabany, M.; Kim, K.; Zorlutuna, P.; Kim, S. B.; Nikkhah, M.; Khabiry, M.; Azize, M.; Kong, J.; et al. Carbon-Nanotube-Embedded Hydrogel Sheets for Engineering Cardiac Constructs and Bioactuators. ACS Nano. 2013, 7, 2369–2380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bu, Y.; Xu, H.-X.; Li, X.; Xu, W.-J.; Yin, Y.-X.; Dai, H.-L.; Wang, X.-B.; Huang, Z.-J.; Xu, P.-H. A Conductive Sodium Alginate and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel Doped with Polypyrrole for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. RSC Adv. 2018, 8, 10806–10817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomczykowa, M.; Plonska-Brzezinska, M. Conducting Polymers, Hydrogels and Their Composites: Preparation, Properties and Bioapplications. Polymers. 2019, 11, 350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bose, S.; Roy, M.; Bandyopadhyay, A. Recent Advances in Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Trends Biotechnol. 2012, 30, 546–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirtaş, T. T.; Irmak, G.; Gümüşderelioğlu, M. A Bioprintable Form of Chitosan Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biofabrication. 2017, 9, 035003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D.; Zhang, J.; Yi, C.; Yang, M. The Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Mineralization Function of MC3T3-E1 Cells in Vitro. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2010, 55, 1013–1019.
   Google Scholar
• Heo, D. N.; Ko, W.-K.; Bae, M. S.; Lee, J. B.; Lee, D.-W.; Byun, W.; Lee, C. H.; Kim, E.-C.; Jung, B.-Y.; Kwon, I. K. Enhanced Bone Regeneration with a Gold Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Complex. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2014, 2, 1584–1593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khorshidi, S.; Karkhaneh, A. Hydrogel/Fiber Conductive Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 2018, 106, 718–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanjanizadeh Ezazi, N.; Shahbazi, M. A.; Shatalin, Y. V.; Nadal, E.; Makila, E.; Salonen, J.; Kemell, M.; Correia, A.; Hirvonen, J.; Santos, H. A. Conductive Vancomycin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Polypyrrole-Based Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Int. J. Pharm. 2018, 536, 241–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, M.; Ferraz, M. P.; Monteiro, F. J.; Fernandes, M. H.; Beppu, M. M.; Mantione, D.; Sardon, H. Antibacterial Silk Fibroin/Nanohydroxyapatite Hydrogels with Silver and Gold Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 2017, 13, 231–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao, Y.; Zhao, J. X.; Wu, C. X. Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Trapped Sulfonated Polyaniline. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41, 1342–1349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, P.; Yan, F.; Chan, H. L. W. Improvement of the Tunable Wettability Property of Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Films. Langmuir. 2009, 25, 7465–7470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A.; Affam, A. A Review of Recent Developments in Flammability of Polymer Nanocomposites. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2015, 31, 149–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A. Characterization and Preparation of Conductive Exfoliated Graphene Nanoplatelets Kenaf Fibre Hybrid Polypropylene Composites. Syn. Met. 2016, 212, 91–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A. Recently Emerging Trends in Thermal Conductivity of Polymer Nano-Composites. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2016, 32, 413–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A. Emerging Trends in Flame Retardancy of Biofibers, Biopolymers, Bio-Composites, and Bionanocomposites. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2015, 32, 115–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A. Emerging Trends in Graphene Carbon Based Polymer Nanocompo-Sites and Applications. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2016, 32, 223–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A. Effect of Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets on Thermal and Heat Deflection Properties of Kenaf Polypropylene Hybrid Nanocomposites. J. Polym. Eng. 2016, 36, 877–889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A. Emerging Trends in Eco-Compliant, Synergistic, and Hybrid Assembling of Multifunctional Polymeric Bionanocomposites. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2016, 32, 305–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A.; Bourbigot, S. Influence of Exfoliated Graphene Nanoplatelets on Flame Retardancy of Kenaf Flour Polypropylene Hybrid Nanocomposites. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 2017, 123, 65–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A. Hibiscus Cannabinus Fiber/PP Based Nano-Biocomposites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets. J. Nat. Fibers 2017, 14, 691–706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. Emerging Advancements in Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene Nanocomposites. J. Therm. Compos. Mater. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A.; Ogbu, J.; Ndem, J.; Oti, W.; Obiana, V. Electrical, Thermal and Flammabil-Ity Properties of Conductive Filler Kenaf Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites. J. Thermo-Plast Compos. Mater. 2018, 089270571880795.
   Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A.; Bourbigot, S. Synergistic Effect of Exfoliated Graphene Nanoplatelets and Non-Halogen Flame Retardants on Flame Retardancy and Thermal Properties of Kenaf Flour-PP Nanocomposites. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2018, 134, 1681–1703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A.; Ihuoma, D. Recently Emerging Trends in Polymer Nanocomposites Packaging Materials. Polym-Plast Technol. Eng. 2018, 58, 1054–1109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. Progress in Polymer Nanocomposites for Bone Regeneration and Engineering. Polym. Polym. Compos. 2020, 0967391120913658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. Recent Advancements in Self-Healing Polymers, Polymer Blends, and Nanocomposites. Polym. Polym. Compos. 2020, 0967391120910882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. I.; Odera, S. R. Recent Advancement in Self-Healing Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites, Shape Memory, and Coating Materials. Polym-Plast Technol Mater 2020, 59, 1167–1190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. I.; Hassan, A.; Ogbu, J.; Ndem, J. U.; Nwuzor, I. C. Recently Emerging Advancements in Halloysite Nanotubes Polymer Nanocomposites. Compos. Interf. 2019, 26, 751–824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Zurina, M.; Ogbu, J.; Ndem, J.; Igba, E. A Review on Innovations in Polymeric Nanocomposite Packaging Materials and Electrical Sensors for Food and Agriculture. Compos. Interf. 2020, 27, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Hassan, A.; Ihuoma, E. Recently Emerging Trends in Polymer Nanocomposites Packaging Materials. Polym-Plast Technol. Mater. 2019, 58, 1054–1109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. I. Novel Trends in Self-Healable Polymer Nanocomposites. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 2019, 089270571984724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. I.; Ogbu, J. E.; Ndem, J. U.; Obiana, V. Influence of Chemical Modification of Kenaf Fiber on xGNP-PP Nano-Biocomposites. SN Appl. Sci. 2019, 1, 1261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. I.; Nwuzor, I. Novel Trends in Plastic Waste Management. SN Appl. Sci. 2019, 1, 1402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Zurina, M.; Hassan, A.; Norhayani, O.; Shuhadah, I. Chapter 8 - Recently Emerging Trends in Bone Replacement Polymer Nanocomposites. Nanostruct. Polym. Compos. Biomed. Appl. 2019, 139–166.
   Google Scholar
• Idumah, C. I.; Obele, M. C.; Ezeani, E. O. Understanding Interfacial Dispersions in Ecobenign Polymer Nano-Biocomposites. Polym. Plast. Technol. Mater. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idumah, C.; Obele, C. M.; Ezeani, E. O.; Hassan, A. Recently Emerging Nanotechnological Advancements in Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings for Anti-Corrosion, Anti-Fouling and Self-Healing. Surf. Interf. 2020, 21, 100734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pati, F.; Jang, J.; Ha, D.-H.; Kim, S. W.; Rhie, J.-W.; Shim, J.-H.; Kim, D.-H.; Cho, D.-W. Printing Three-Dimensional Tissue Analogues with Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioink. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia Castro, L. E.; Pérez Martínez, C. J.; del Castillo Castro, T.; Castillo Ortega, M. M.; Encinas, J. C. Chemical Polymerization of Pyrrole in the Presence of L-Serine or L-Glutamic Acid: Electrically Controlled  Amoxicillin Release from Composite Hydrogel. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y.-Y.; Kang, H.-Y.; Gwon, S. H.; Choi, G. M.; Lim, S.-M.; Sun, J.-Y.; Joo, Y.-C. A Strain-Insensitive Stretchable Electronic Conductor: PEDOT:PSS/Acrylamide Organogels. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 1636–1643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darmanin, T.; Guittard, F. Wettability of Conducting Polymers: From Superhydrophilicity to Superoleophobicity. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2014, 39, 656–682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, W.; Liu, S.; Chen, X.; Wang, Y.; Yang, W. High-Yield Synthesis of Superhydrophilic Polypyrrole Nanowire Networks. Macromolecules. 2006, 39, 3224–3230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zang, J.; Li, C. M.; Bao, S.-J.; Cui, X.; Bao, Q.; Sun, C. Q. Template-Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Superhydrophilic Polypyrrole Nanofiber Network. Macromolecules. 2008, 41, 7053–7057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar