An Investigation of Content and Media Images in Gay Men's Magazines

REFERENCES

• Barthel , D. 1994 . “ A gentleman and a consumer ” . In Signs of life in the U.S.A.: Readings on popular culture for writers , Edited by: Maasik , S. and Solomon , J. 128 – 138 . Boston : Bedford Books .
   Google Scholar
• Beren , S. , Hayden , H. , Wilfley , D. and Grilo , C. 1996 . The influence of sexual orientation on body dissatisfaction in adult men and women . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 20 : 135 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrenreich , B. 1983 . The hearts of men: American dreams and the flight from commitment , New York : Anchor Books .
   Google Scholar
• Elliot , S. August 22 1996 . “ Ad spending rises in gay publications ” . In New York Times August 22 , C4
   Google Scholar
• Green , S. P. and Pritchard , M. E. 2003 . Predictors of body image dissatisfaction in adult men and women . Social Behavior and Personality , 31 : 215 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groesz , L. M. , Levine , M. P. and Murmen , S. K. 2002 . The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 31 : 1 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halkitis , P. N. , Green , K. and Wilton , L. 2004 . Masculinity, body image, and sexual behavior in HIV-seropositive gay men: A two-phase formative behavioral investigation using the Internet . International Journal of Men's Health , 3 : 27 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Kassel , P. and Franko , D. L. 2000 . Body image disturbance and psychodynamic psychotherapy with gay men . Harvard Review of Psychiatry , 8 : 307 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , B. P. 2000 . Masculinity, eating and exercise: The relationship of men to their bodies (Doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, 2000) . Dissertation Abstracts International , 61 : 535
   Google Scholar
• Kilbourne , J. 1999 . Can't buy my love: How advertising changes the way we think and feel , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Kimmel , S. B. and Mahalik , J. R. 2004 . Measuring masculine body ideal distress: Development of a measure . International Journal of Men's Health , 3 : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff , R. T. and Scherr , R. L. 1984 . Face value: The politics of beauty , Boston : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Law , C. and Labre , M. P. 2002 . Culture standards of attractiveness: A thirty year look at changes in male images in magazines . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 79 : 697 – 711 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCreary , D. R. and Sasse , D. K. 2000 . An exploration of the drive for muscularity in adolescent boys and girls . Journal of American College Health , 48 : 297 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peirce , K. 1990 . A feminist theoretical perspective on the socialization of teenage girls through Seventeen magazine . Sex Roles , 23 : 491 – 500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope , H. , Phillips , K. and Olivardia , R. 2000 . The Adonis complex: The secret crisis of male body obsession , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rohlinger , D. A. 2002 . Eroticizing men: Cultural influences on advertising and male objectification . Sex Roles , 46 : 61 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman , C. 1999 . Big companies are openly courting gay consumers . Los Angeles Times , May 18 : C1 C4 C18
   Google Scholar
• Schlenker , J. A. , Caron , S. L. and Halteman , W. A. 1998 . A feminist analysis of Seventeen magazine: Content analysis from 1945 to 1995 . Sex Roles , 38 : 135 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spending increases in gay magazines . 2000 . New York Times , June 12 : C16
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , J. K. and Stice , E. 2001 . Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 10 : 181 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson , I. and Hartley , P. 1998 . British research into the increased vulnerability of young gay men to eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction . European Eating Disorders Review , 6 : 160 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar