REFERENCES
- Abramson, C., & Modzelewski, D. (2011). Caged morality: Moral worlds, subculture and stratification among middle-class cage fighters. Qualitative Sociology, 34, 143–175.
- Adams, A. (2011). “Josh wears pink cleats”: Inclusive masculinity on the soccer field. Journal of Homosexuality, 58, 579–596.
- Adams, A., & Anderson, E. (2012). Exploring the relationship between homosexuality and sport among the teammates of a small, Midwestern Catholic college soccer team. Sport, Education and Society, 17, 347–363.
- Adler, P., & Adler, P. (1998). Observational techniques. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (pp. 79–109). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Anderson, E. (2008a). Inclusive masculinity in a fraternal setting. Men and Masculinities, 10, 604–620.
- Anderson, E. (2008b). “Being masculine is not about who you sleep with …”: Heterosexual athletes contesting masculinity and the one-time rule of homosexuality. Sex Roles, 58, 104–115.
- Anderson, E. (2008c). “I used to think women were weak”: Orthodox masculinity, gender segregation, and sport. Sociological Forum, 23, 257–280.
- Anderson, E. (2009). Inclusive masculinity: The changing nature of masculinities. London, UK: Routledge.
- Anderson, E. (2011). Masculinities and sexualities in sport and physical cultures: Three decades of evolving research. Journal of Homosexuality, 58, 565–578.
- Anderson, E., Adams, A., & Rivers, I. (2010). “I kiss them because I love them”: The emergence of heterosexual men kissing in British institutes of education. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 41, 421–430.
- Anderson, E., McCormack, M., & Lee, H. (2012). Male team sport hazing initiations in a culture of decreasing homohysteria. Journal of Adolescent Research, 27, 427–448.
- Anderson, E., & McGuire, R. (2010). Inclusive masculinity theory and the gendered politics of men’s rugby. Journal of Gender Studies, 19, 249–261.
- Atkinson, M. (2011). Deconstructing men and masculinities. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Barry, S. (2012a, February 28). There’s a gay porn star on the TUF 15 cast list (update). MMA Convert. Retrieved from http://www.mmaconvert.com/2012/02/28/theres-a-gay-porn-star-on-the-tuf-15-cast-list/
- Barry, S. (2012b, March 8). TUF Live 1 coach Urijah Faber & Dana White weigh-in on Dakota Cochrane’s controversial past. MMA Convert. Retrieved from http://www.mmaconvert.com/2012/03/08/tuf-live-1-coach-urijah-faber-dana-white-weigh-in-on-dakota-cochranes-controversial-past/
- Brookhouse, B. (2012, February 29). Ultimate Fighter contestant Dakota Cochrane discusses gay porn past, says UFC fully aware of history. Bloody Elbow. Retrieved from http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2012/2/29/2832679/UFC-ultimate-fighter-dakota-cochrane-gay-porn
- Borer, M. I., & Schafer, T. S. (2011). Culture war confessionals: Conflicting accounts of Christianity, violence, and mixed martial arts. Journal of Media and Religion, 10, 165–184.
- Bratcher, J. (2012, November 5). Dakota Cochrane talks RFA 4 victory, potential UFC call and future. Pro MMA Now. Retrieved from http://prommanow.com/2012/11/05/dakota-cochrane-talks-rfa-4-victory-potential-ufc-call-and-future-video/
- Brent, J. J., & Kraska, P. B. (2013). “Fighting is the most real and honest thing”: Violence and the civilization/barbarism dialectic. British Journal of Criminology, 53, 357–377.
- Bush, A., Anderson, E., & Carr, S. (2012). The declining existence of men’s homophobia in British sport. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 6, 107–120.
- Cage Potato. (2012, February 29). Eight MMA fighters who have done porn. Cage Potato. Retrieved from http://www.cagepotato.com/eight-mma-fighters-who-have-done-porn/
- Chiappetta, M. (2012a, February 28). Dakota Cochrane discusses controversial past as he prepares to chase UFC dream. MMA Fighting. Retrieved from http://www.mmafighting.com/ufc/2012/2/28/2831727/dakota-cochrane-discusses-controversial-past-as-he-prepares-to-chase
- Chiappetta, M. (2012b, March 3). Dakota Cochrane is not a gay man. Underground. Retrieved from http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/news/388247/Dakota-Cochrane-is-not-a-gay-man
- Cleland, J. (2013). Discussing homosexuality on association football fan message boards: A changing cultural context. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, iFirst article. doi:10.1177/1012690213475437
- Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
- Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
- Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. A. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19, 829–859.
- Downey, G. (2007). Producing pain: Techniques and technologies in no-holds-barred fighting. Social Studies of Science, 37, 201–226.
- Dunning, E. (1986). Sport as a male preserve: Notes on the social sources of masculine identity and its transformations. Theory, Culture and Society, 3, 79–90.
- Fightlinker. (2012, February 29). TUF’s gay pornstar talks about his past. Fightlinker. Retrieved from http://fightlinker.com/tufs-gay-pornstar-talks-about-his-past/
- Fowlkes, B. (2012, February 29). Dakota Cochrane’s inclusion in ‘Ultimate Fighter’ cast shows UFC, MMA at its best. MMA Fighting. Retrieved from http://www.mmafighting.com/2012/2/29/2833196/dakota-cochranes-inclusion-on-tuf-15
- Green, K. (2011). It hurts so it is real: Sensing the seduction of mixed martial arts. Social & Cultural Geography, 12, 377–396.
- Haggerty, K. (2012, March 6). UFC quick quote: Dana White is totally cool with Dakota Cochrane’s gay porn past. MMA Mania. Retrieved from http://www.mmamania.com/2012/3/6/2850343/ufc-quick-quote-dana-white-is-totally-cool-with-dakota-cochranes-gay
- Hirose, A., & Pih, K. K. (2010). Men who strike and men who submit: Hegemonic and marginalised masculinities in mixed martial arts. Men and Masculinities, 13, 190–209.
- Holland, J. (2011, October 28). Dana White: If there was a gay fighter in UFC, I wish he would come out. MMA Mania. Retrieved from http://www.mmamania.com/2011/10/28/2520407/dana-white-if-there-was-a-gay-fighter-in-ufc-i-wish-he-would-come-out
- Holland, J. (2012a, February 28). Ultimate Fighter (TUF) 15 contestant Dakota Cochrane’s gay porn past adds new twist to live season. MMA Mania. Retrieved from http://www.mmamania.com/2012/2/28/2830394/ultimate-fighter-tuf-15-dakota-cochrane-danny-sean-cody-gay-porn-past-ufc-mma
- Holland, J. (2012b, February 29). TUF 15 contestant Dakota Cochrane: Role in gay porn “was a mistake” and I’m ready to “‘move on.” MMA Mania. Retrieved from http://www.mmamania.com/2012/2/29/2832779/ultimate-fighter-15-contestant-dakota-cochrane-role-gay-porn-ufc-mma
- Jarvis, N. (2006). Ten men out: Gay sporting masculinities in softball. In J. Caudwell (Ed.), Sport, sexualities and queer/theory (pp. 62–75). Oxon: Routledge.
- Jefferson, T. (2002). Subordinating hegemonic masculinity. Theoretical Criminology, 6, 63–88.
- Kian, E. M., Clavio, G., Vincent, J., & Shaw, S. D. (2011). Homophobic and sexist yet uncontested: Examining football fan postings on internet message boards. Journal of Homosexuality, 58, 680–699.
- Kimmel, M. (1994). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In H. Brod & M. Kaufman (Eds.), Theorising masculinities (pp. 119–141). London, UK: Sage.
- Klein, A. (1986). Pumping irony: Crisis and contradiction in bodybuilding. Sociology of Sport Journal, 3, 112–133.
- Kozinets, R. V. (1998). On netnography: Initial reflections on consumer investigations of cyberculture. In J. Alba & W. Hutchinson (Eds.), Advances in consumer research, vol. 25 (pp. 366–371). Provo: Association for Consumer Research.
- Kozinets, R. V. (2002). The field behind the screen: Using netography for marketing research in online communities. Journal of Marketing Research, 39, 61–72.
- Labate, S. (2012, February 28). TUF 15 fighter Dakota Cochrane found to be gay film star. Caged Insider. Retrieved from http://www.cagedinsider.com/ufc/tuf-15-dakota-cochrane-gay-film/
- Martin, D. (2012, March 8). Urijah Faber warns fighters to watch their words to Dakota Cochrane. MMA Weekly. Retrieved from http://www.mmaweekly.com/urijah-faber-has-no-problem-coaching-dakota-cochrane-warns-fighters-to-watch-their-words
- Mayeda, D. (2011). The sociology of MMA: Hegemonic masculinity unleashed. Retrieved from http://www.sociologyinfocus.com/2011/12/21/the-sociology-of-mma-hegemonic-masculinity-unleashed
- Mayeda, D., & Ching, D. (2008). Fighting for acceptance: Mixed martial arts and violence in American society. Lincoln: iUniverse.
- McCormack, M., & Anderson, E. (2010). “It’s just not acceptable any more”: The erosion of homophobia and the softening of masculinity at an English sixth form. Sociology, 44, 843–859.
- McKay, J., Messner, M., & Sabo, D. (Eds.). (2000). Masculinities, gender relations, and sport. London, UK: Sage.
- Messner, M. (1990). When bodies are weapons: Masculinity and violence in sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 25, 203–220.
- Messner, M. (1992). Power at play: Sports and the problem of masculinity. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
- Messner, M. (2002). Taking the field: Women, men, and sports. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Messner, M., & Sabo, D. (Eds.). (1990) Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Middle Easy. (2012, February 28). Hey, we have no problem that a new TUF cast member is also a gay porn star. Middle Easy. Retrieved from http://middleeasy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7320:hey-we-have-no-problem-that-a-new-tuf-cast-member-is-also-a-gay-porn-star&catid=34:organizations
- Miller, T. (1998). Commodifying the male body, problematizing “hegemonic masculinity”? Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 22, 431–447.
- Morgan, J. (2012, March 7). White says ‘TUF: Live’ gay-porn story non-issue, homophobes best be ready to fight. MMA Junkie. Retrieved from http://mmajunkie.com/news/27764/white-says-tuf-live-gay-porn-story-non-issue-homophobes-best-be-ready-to-fight.mma
- Pringle, R. (2005). Masculinities, sport, and power: A critical comparison of Gramscian and Foucauldian inspired theoretical tools. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 29, 256–278.
- Pringle, R., & Hickey, C. (2010). Negotiating masculinities via the moral problematization of sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 27, 115–138.
- Pronger, B. (1990). The arena of masculinity: Sports, homosexuality and the meaning of sex. London, UK: GMP Publishers.
- Rhodes, J. (2011). Fighting for ‘respectability’: Media representations of the White, ‘working-class’ male boxing ‘hero’. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 35, 350–376.
- Rocha, J. (2012, March 8). White: You care about gay fighters, you’re a close-minded idiot. Caged Insider. Retrieved from http://www.cagedinsider.com/ufc/white-gay-fighter-cochrane-ufc/
- Salter, M., & Tomsen, S. (2012). Violence and carceral masculinities in Felony Fights. British Journal of Criminology, 52, 309–323.
- Sánchez García, R., & Malcolm, D. (2010). Decivilizing, civilizing or informalizing? The international development of mixed martial arts. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 45, 39–58.
- Sheard, K., & Dunning, E. (1973). The rugby football club as a type of “male preserve”: Some sociological notes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 8(3), 5–24.
- Spencer, D. (2011). Ultimate fighting and embodiment: Violence, gender and mixed martial arts. London, UK: Routledge.
- Spencer, D. (2012). Narratives of despair and loss: Pain, injury and masculinity in the sport of mixed martial arts. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 4, 117–137.
- Stupp, D. (2012, February 29). ‘TUF 15’ contestant Mike Rio says Dakota Cochrane’s gay-porn past no issue. MMA Junkie. Retrieved from http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/02/tuf-15-contestant-mike-rio-says-dakota-cochranes-gay-porn-past-no-issue
- Thomas, L. (2012, March 1). Dakota Cochrane discussion, Tate vs. Rousey marketing, UFC flyweight future. MMA Tête-à-Tête. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6gDpmqH_tQ&playnext=1&list=PL3D87E7A8B8CF1446&feature=results_video
- The UFC. (2012a). The UFC: Learn how the Ultimate Fighting Championship began. The UFC. Retrieved from http://www.ufc.com/discover/ufc
- The UFC. (2012b). Rules and regulations: Unified rules and other MMA regulations. The UFC. Retrieved from http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations
- Tonkiss, F. (2012). Discourse Analysis. In C. Seale (Ed.), Researching society and culture, (3rd ed.; pp. 405–423). London, UK: Sage.
- Underground. (2012, March 1). TUF15 fighter Dakota Cochrane was a gay film actor. Underground. Retrieved from http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/news/388062/TUF15-fighter-Dakota-Cochrane-was-a-gay-film-actor
- van Bottenburg, M., & Heilbron, J. (2006). De-sportization of fighting contests: The origins and dynamics of no holds barred events and the theory of sportization. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 41, 259–282.
- Walker, P. (2012, October 4). Orlando Cruz becomes first boxer to announce he is gay. Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/oct/04/orlando-cruz-boxer-announce-gay
- Wayne, M. (2012, March 8). Urijah Faber has no issue coaching Dakota Cochrane. FightLine. Retrieved from http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2012/0308/547745/urijah-faber/
- Wertheim, L. J. (2010). Blood in the cage: Mixed martial arts, Pat Miletich, and the furious rise of the UFC. New York, NY: Mariner Books.
- Wilcox, N. (2012, February 28). Dakota Cochrane, Ultimate Fighter 15 contestant, outed as gay porn performer. Bloody Elbow. Available at http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2012/2/28/2830596/ufc-gay-porn-dakota-cochrane-ultimate-fighter-tuf-fx