3,608
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Shades of Homophobia: A Framework for Analyzing Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuality

, PhD Fellow

References

  • Adams, H. E., Wright, L. W., & Lohr, B. A. (1996). Is homophobia associated with homosexual arousal? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(3), 440–445. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.105.3.440
  • Agbanyim, J. I. (2013). Fear: A healthy emotion if well managed. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse LLC.
  • Aljazeera. (2014, January 27). Mob storms gay-rights office in Ivory Coast. Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/01/mob-storms-gay-rights-office-ivory-coast-2014127192815807745.html
  • Anderson, B. (2007). The politics of homosexuality in Africa. Africana, 1(1), 123–136.
  • BBC News. (2013, April 11). Paris protest against ‘homophobia’ in gay marriage row. Retreived from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22106560
  • BBC News. (2014, January 27). Sochi 2014: No gay people in city, says mayor. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-25675957
  • BBC News. (2015, June 27). US Supreme court rules gay marriage is legal nationwide. Retreived from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33290341
  • Bender, S. C. (2016). Heterosexism and homophobia. Wiley Online library (The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Bersani, L. (1995). Homos. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Beyea, S., & Nicoll, L. H. (1998). Writing an integrative review. AORN Journal, 67(4), 877–880. Gale Academic Onefile, Accessed 12 August 2019. doi:10.1016/S0001-2092(06)62653-7
  • Blumenfeld, W. J. (1992). Homophobia: How we all pay the price. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
  • Boellstorff, T. (2004). The emergence of political homophobia in Indonesia: Masculinity and national belonging. Ethnos, 69(4), 465–486. doi:10.1080/0014184042000302308
  • Bowers, R., Plummer, D., & Minichiello, V. (2005). Homophobia and the everyday mechanism of prejudice: Findings from a qualitative study. Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health, 1(1), 31–51.
  • Brodzinsky, D. M., & Pertman, A. (2012). Adoption by lesbians and gay men: A new dimension in family diversity. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Broome, M. E. (2000). Integrative literature reviews for the development of concepts. In B. L. Rogers & K. A. Knafl (Eds.), Concept development in nursing: Foundations, techniques and applications (pp. 231–250). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders Company.
  • Bryant, K., & Vidal-Ortiz, S. (2008). Introduction to retheorizing homophobias. Sexualities, 11(4), 387–396. doi:10.1177/1363460708091740
  • Butler, J. (1993). Critically queer. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 1, 17–32. doi:10.1215/10642684-1-1-17
  • Caselli, I. (2012, February 10). Ecuador clinics said to ‘cure’ homosexuality stir debate. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2012/0210/Ecuador-clinics-said-to-cure-homosexuality-stir-debate
  • Christmals, C. D., & Gross, J. J. (2017). An integrative literature review framework for postgraduate nursing research reviews. European Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 5(1), 7–15.
  • Cock, J. (2003). Engendering Gay and Lesbian rights: The equality clause in the South African constitution. Women’s Studies International Forum, 26(1), 35–45. doi:10.1016/S0277-5395(02)00353-9
  • Connolly, M. (2016, September 1). Gay blood donation: Lifetime ban in NI on gay men donating blood lifted. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-37235281
  • Cook-Daniels, L. (1998). Lesbian, gay male, bisexual and transgendered elders: Elder abuse and neglect issues. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 9(2), 35–49. doi:10.1300/J084v09n02_04
  • Croteau, J. M., & Morgan, S. (1989). Combating homophobia in AIDS education. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68(1), 86–91. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1989.tb02500.x
  • Davis, K. (2007). The ‘Bondi Boys’ – Un/Australian? Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 21(4), 501–510. doi:10.1080/10304310701629938
  • Davison, K. G., & Frank, B. W. (2006). Sexualities, genders, and bodies in sport: Changing practices of inequity. In K. Young & P. White (Eds.), Sport and gender in Canada (2nd ed., pp. 178–193). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Doan, L., Loehr, A., & Miller, L. R. (2014). Formal rights and informal privileges for same-sex couples: Evidence from a National survey experiment. American Sociological Review, 79(6), 1172–1195. doi:10.1177/0003122414555886
  • Eichelberger, E. (2014, March 13). You thought it was tough being gay in Uganda. “It‘s hell in Nigeria.” Mother Jones. Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/03/nigeria-anti-gay-law-hiv
  • Epprecht, M. (2013a). Health and homosexuality: Sources of anxiety about (and among) sexual minorities in Africa. International Psychiatry, 10, 35–37. doi:10.1192/S1749367600003726
  • Epprecht, M. (2013b). Sexuality and social justice in Africa: Rethinking homophobia and forging resistance. London, UK: Zed Books.
  • Fetner, T. (2005). Ex-Gay rhetoric and the politics of sexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(1), 71–95. doi:10.1300/J082v50n01_04
  • Filipovic, J. (2013, August 21). New Jersey’s ban on gay conversion therapy is a victory over religious nuts. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/21/new-jersey-outlaw-gay-conversion-therapy
  • Flood, M., & Hamilton, C. (2005). Mapping homophobia in Australia. In Australia institute webpaper (pp. 1–15). Retrieved from http://www.glhv.org.au/files/aust_inst_homophobia_paper.pdf
  • Fomeni, J. A. (2012). The criminalisation of homosexuality in Cameroon and international human rights law. Cameroon Journal on Democracy and Human Rights, 6(1), 48–57.
  • Geschiere, P. (2010). Homosexuality in Cameroon: Identity and persecution. In I. Dubel & A. Hielkema (Eds.), Urgency required: Gay and lesbian rights are human rights (pp. 126–131). The Hague, The Netherlands: Hivos.
  • Geschiere, P. (2017). A ‘Vortex of identities’: Freemasonry, witchcraft, and postcolonial homophobia. African Studies Review, 60(2), 7–35. doi:10.1017/asr.2017.52
  • Goertz, G. (2006). Social science concepts: a user’s guide. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Green, B. C. (2005). Homosexual signification. Journal of Homosexuality, 49(2), 119–134. doi:10.1300/J082v49n02_07
  • Haaga, D. A. (1991). “Homophobia”? Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(1), 171–174.
  • Herek, G. M. (1986). The social psychology of homophobia: Toward a practical theory. Review of Law and Social Change, XIV(923), 923–934.
  • Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19–22. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00051
  • Herek, G. M. (2004). Beyond “Homophobia”: Thinking about sexual prejudice and stigma in the twenty-first century. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1, 6–24. doi:10.1525/srsp.2004.1.2.6
  • Herek, G. M. (2007). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4), 905–925. doi:10.1111/josi.2007.63.issue-4
  • Herek, G. M., & Berrill, K. T. (1992). Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men. London, UK: Sage.
  • Hodes, R. (2012, July 25). Populist hatred: Homophobia and political elites in Africa. E-International Relations. Retrieved from http://www.e-ir.info/2012/07/25/populist-hatred-homophobia-and-political-elites-in-africa/
  • Hopkins, P. D. (1996). Gender treachery: Homophobia, masculinity, and threatened identities. In L. May, R. A. Strikwerda, & P. D. Hopkins (Eds.), Rethinking masculinity: Philosophical explorations in light of feminism (2nd ed., pp. 95–118). Maryland, USA: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Hunter, A. (2015). Lesbian mommy blogging in Canada: Documenting subtle homophobia in Canadian society and building community online. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 19(2), 212–229. doi:10.1080/10894160.2015.969077
  • Irwin, L. (2007). Homophobia and heterosexism: Implications for nursing and nursing practice. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(1), 70–76.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (1994). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In H. Brod & M. Kaufman (Eds.), Theorizing Masculinities (pp. 119–141). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kirk, M., & Madsen, H. (1989). After the ball: How America will conquer its fear and hatred of gays in the ‘90s. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
  • Logan, C. R. (1996). Homophobia? No homoprejudice. Journal of Homosexuality, 31(3), 31–53. doi:10.1300/J082v31n03_03
  • Lyonga, F. (2014). Un-African? Representations of homosexuality in two contemporary Nigerian films. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(8/1), 97–103.
  • Lyonga, F. (2016). The homophobic trinity: Pentecostal end-time, prosperity and healing gospels as contributors to homophobia in Cameroon. In E. Chitando & A. Van Klinken (Eds.), Christianity and controversies over homosexuality in contemporary Africa (pp. 51–64). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
  • M’baye, B. (2013). The origins of Senegalese homophobia: Discourses on homosexuals and transgender people in colonial and postcolonial Senegal. African Studies Review, 56(2), 109–128. doi:10.1017/asr.2013.44
  • MacKinnon, K. (2005). The Mainstream AIDS movie prior to the 1990s. In G. Harper & A. Moor (Eds.), Signs of life: Cinema and Medicine (pp. 33–44). London, UK: Wallflower Press.
  • McCormack, M., & Anderson, E. (2010). ‘It’s just not acceptable anymore’: The erosion of homophobia and the softening of masculinity at an English sixth form. Sociology, 44(5), 843–859. doi:10.1177/0038038510375734
  • McVeigh, K., & Harris, P. (2011, September 20). US military lifts ban on openly gay troops. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/20/us-military-lifts-ban-gay-troops.
  • Miller, B., & Humphreys, L. (1980). Lifestyles and violence: Homosexual victims of assault and murder. Qualitative Sociology, 3(3), 169–185. doi:10.1007/BF00987134
  • Mison, R. B. (1992). Homophobia in manslaughter: The homosexual advance as insufficient Provocation. California Law Review, 80(1), 133–178. doi:10.2307/3480817
  • Msibi, T. (2012). ‘I’m used to it now’: Experiences of homophobia among queer youth in South African township schools. Gender and Education, 24(5), 515–533. doi:10.1080/09540253.2011.645021
  • Murray, D. A. B. (2009). Homophobias: Lust and loathing across time and space. Durham, USA: Duke University Press.
  • Nardi, P. M., & Bolton, R. (1991). Gay-bashing: Violence and aggression against gay men and lesbians. In R. Baenninger (Ed.), Targets of violence and aggression (pp. 349–400). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elservier Science Publishers.
  • Neisen, J. H. (1990). Heterosexism: Redefining homophobia for the 1990’s. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 1(3), 21–35. doi:10.1300/J236v01n03_02
  • O’Brien, J. (2008). Afterword: Complicating homophobia. Sexualities, 11(4), 496–512. doi:10.1177/1363460708093457
  • Ottoson, D. (2010). State sponsored homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same-sex activity between consenting adults. ILGA report. Retrieved from http://www.gaylawnet.com/ezine/crime/ilga_2010.pdf
  • Pharr, S. (1997). Homophobia: A weapon of sexism. Bekerly, CA: Chardon Press.
  • Plummer, D. (1999). One of the boys: Masculinity, homophobia and modern manhood. New York, NY: Haworth.
  • Reddy, V. (2002). Perverts and sodomites: Homophobia as hate speech in Africa. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 20(3), 163–175. doi:10.2989/16073610209486308
  • Reid, G., & Dirsuweit, T. (2002). Understanding systemic violence: Homophobic attacks in Johannesburg and its Suburbs. Urban Forum, 13(3), 99–126. doi:10.1007/s12132-002-0010-5
  • Richmond, J. P., & McKenna, H. (1998). Homophobia: An evolutionary analysis of the concept as applied to nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(2), 362–369. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00691.x
  • Robinson, S. (2008). Introduction. In S. Robinson (Ed.), Homophobia: An Australian history (pp. 1–15). Sydney, Australia: The Federation Press.
  • Sartori, G. (1970). Concept misformation in comparative politics. American Political Science Review, 64(4), 1033–1053. doi:10.2307/1958356
  • Savin-Williams, R. C. (1993). Personal reflections on coming out: Prejudice and homophobia in the Academic Workplace. In L. Diamant (Ed.), Homosexual issues in the workplace (pp. 225–242). Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.
  • Sharpe, S. (2002). ‘It’s just really hard to come to terms with’: Young people’s views on homosexuality. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2(3), 263–277. doi:10.1080/1468181022000025811
  • Smith, I., Oades, L. G., & McCarthy, G. (2012). Homophobia to heterosexism: Constructs in need of revisitation. Gay and Lesbian Issues and Psychology Review, 8(1), 34–44.
  • Srivastava, P., & Hopwood, N. (2009). A practical iterative framework for qualitative data analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1), 76–84. doi:10.1177/160940690900800107
  • Sullivan, M. K. (2003). Homophobia, history, and homosexuality. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 8(2–3), 1–13.
  • Thomas, D. R. (2003). A general inductive approach for qualitative data analysis. School of population health, University of Auckland. Retrieved from https://www.frankumstein.com/PDF/Psychology/Inductive%20Content%20Analysis.pd
  • Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing integrative literature reviews: Guidelines and examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356–367. doi:10.1177/1534484305278283
  • Torraco, R. J. (2016). Writing integrative reviews of the literature: Methods and purposes. International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 7(3), 62–70. doi:10.4018/IJAVET
  • Weinberg, G. (1972). Society and the healthy homosexual. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Wickberg, D. (2000). Homophobia: On the cultural history of an idea. Critical Inquiry, 27(1), 42–57. doi:10.1086/448997
  • Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and analysis (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.