References
- Albro, J. C., & Tully, C. (1979). A study of lesbian lifestyles in the homosexual micro-culture and the heterosexual macro-culture. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(4), 331–344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v04n04_02
- American Psychiatric Association. (1968). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
- American Psychiatric Association. (1987). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. Revised). Washington, DC: Author.
- Borgogna, N. C., McDermott, R. C., Aita, S. L., & Kridel, M. M. (2018). Anxiety and depression across gender and sexual minorities: Implications for transgender, gender nonconforming, pansexual, demisexual, asexual, queer, and questioning individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 6(1), 54–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000306
- Bos, H. M. W., & Gartrell, N. (2020). Lesbian-mother families formed through donor insemination. In A. E. Goldberg & K. R. Allen (Eds.), LGBT-parent families: Innovations in research and implications for practice (2nd ed., pp. 25–44). New York, NY: Springer.
- Bowling, J., Dodge, B., & Bartelt, E. (2017). Sexuality-related communication within the family context: Experiences of bisexual parents with their children in the United States of America. Sex Education, 17(1), 86–102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2016.1238821
- Bradford, J., Ryan, C., Rothblum, E., & Honnold, J. (2013). “I have never slept with a man, and there is no star rising in the east”: Lesbians, bisexual women, and pregnancy before insemination. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 9(5), 490–509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2013.826160
- Bradford, J., Ryan, C., & Rothblum, E. D. (1994). National lesbian health care survey: Implications for mental health care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 228–242. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.228
- Carone, N., Rothblum, E. D., Bos, H. M. K., Gartrell, N. K., & Herman, J. L. (2020). Demographics and health outcomes in a U.S. probability sample of transgender parents. Journal of Family Psychology. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000776
- Cheung, F., & Lucas, R. E. (2014). Assessing the validity of single-item life satisfaction measures: Results from three large samples. Quality of Life Research, 23(10), 2809–2818. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0726-4
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality, 49(1), 71–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
- Dodge, B., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2016). Attitudes toward bisexual men and women among a nationality representative probability sample of adults in the United States. PLoS One, 11(10), e0164430. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164430
- Dyar, C., Feinstein, B. A., & London, B. (2014). Dimensions of sexual identity and minority stress among bisexual women: The role of partner gender. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(4), 441–451. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000063
- Falk, P. J. (1989). Lesbian mothers: Psychosocial assumptions in family law. American Psychologist, 44(6), 941–947. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.6.941
- Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2011). Measuring community connectedness among diverse sexual minority populations. Journal of Sex Research, 49(1), 36–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2011.565427
- Gallup. (2014). Most American say same-sex couples entitled to adopt: Right to adopt children outpaces Americans’ acceptance of same-sex marriage. Retrieved from https://news.gallup.com/poll/170801/americans-say-sex-couples-entitled-adopt.aspx
- Galupo, P. (2020). Mental health for individuals with pansexual and queer identities. Chapter 28 in E. D. Rothblum (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of sexual and gender mental health (pp. 331–341). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Garelick, A. S., Filip-Crawford, G., Varley, A. H., Nagoshi, C. T., Nagoshi, J. L., & Evans, R. (2017). Beyond the binary: Exploring the role of ambiguity in biphobia and transphobia. Journal of Bisexuality, 17(2), 172–189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2017.1319890
- Gartrell, N. K., Rothblum, E. D., Koh, A. S., Van Beusekom, G., & Bos, H. (2019). “We were among the first nontraditional families”: Thematic perceptions of lesbian parenting after 25 years. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02414
- Gates, G. (2013). LGBT parenting in the United States. Retrieved from https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/lgbt-parenting-us/
- Goldberg, A. E., & Allen, K. R. (Eds.). (2020). LGBTQ-parent families: Innovations in research and implications for practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.
- Goldberg, A. E., Gartrell, N. K., & Gates, G. J. (2014). Research report on LGB-parent families. The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gr4970w
- Goldberg, S. K., & Conron, K. J. (2018, July). How many same-sex couples in the U.S. are raising children? Retrieved from https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/same-sex-parents-us/
- Goldberg, S. K., Rothblum, E. D., Russell, S. T., & Meyer, I. H. (2020). Exploring the Q in LGBTQ: Demographic characteristic and sexuality of queer people in a US representative sample of sexual minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(1), 101–112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000359
- Henehan, D., Rothblum, E. D., Solomon, S. E., & Balsam, K. F. (2007). Social and demographic characteristics of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual adults with and without children. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 3(2), 35–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J461v03n02_03
- Herdt, G., & McClintock, M. (2000). The magical age of 10. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29(6), 587–606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260508316477
- Herek, G. M. (2008). Hate crimes and stigma-related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(1), 54–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260508316477
- Herek, G. M., Cogan, J. C., Gillis, J. R., & Glunt, E. K. (1998). Correlates of internalized homophobia in a community sample of lesbians and gay men. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 2, 17–25.
- Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 32–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014672
- Kastanis, A., & Wilson, B. (2014). Race/ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic wellbeing of individuals in same-sex couples. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. Retrieved from http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Census-Compare-Feb-2014.pdf
- Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959–976. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006074
- Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(2), 184–189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184
- Krueger, E. A., Lin, A., Kittle, K. R., & Meyer, I. H. (2020). Generations: Methodology and technical notes Gallup quantitative survey. Retrieved from http://www.generations-study.com/s/Generations-Quantitative-Survey-Methods-v20_copy.pdf
- Little, R. J. A. (1988). Missing-data adjustments in large surveys. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 6(3), 287–296. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1988.10509663
- López Ramos, Y., Fernández Muñoz, J. J., Navarro-Pardo, E., & Murphy, M. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis for the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in a sample of early retirees enrolled in university programs. Clinical Gerontologist, 40(4), 241–248. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2016.1199077
- Mallory, C., Vasquez, L. A., & Meredith, C. (2020). Legal protections for LGBT people after Bostock v. Clayton County. The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/content/qt1h88n2d8/qt1h88n2d8.pdf
- Manley, M. H., Goldberg, A. E., & Ross, L. E. (2018). Invisibility and involvement: LGBTQ community connections among plurisexual women during pregnancy and postpartum. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(2), 169–181. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000285
- Meyer, I. H., Marken, S., Russell, S., Frost, D., & Wilson, B. (2020). An innovative approach to the design of a national probability sample of sexual minority adults. LGBT Health, 7(2), 101–108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2019.0145
- Molina, Y., Marquez, J. H., Logan, D. E., Leeson, C. J., Balsam, K. F., & Kaysen, D. L. (2015). Current intimate relationship status, depression, and alcohol use among bisexual women: The mediating roles of bisexual-specific minority stressors. Sex Roles, 73(1–2), 43–57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0483-z
- Morandini, J. S., Pinkus, R. T., & Dar-Nimrod, I. (2018). Does partner gender influence relationship quality among non-monosexual women? Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 33(1–2), 146–165. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1419568
- Morris, J. F., Balsam, K. F., & Rothblum, E. D. (2002). Lesbian and bisexual mothers and nonmothers: Demographics and the coming-out process. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(2), 144–156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.16.2.144
- Morris, T. P., White, I. R., & Royston, P. (2014). Tuning multiple imputation by predictive mean matching and local residual draws. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14, 75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-75
- Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946
- Reczek, C. (2020). Sexual- and gender-minority families: A 2010 to 2020 decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 300–325. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12607
- Romero, A. P., Goldberg, S. K., & Vasquez, L. A. (2020). LGBT people and housing affordability, discrimination, and homelessness. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cb5b8zj/qt3cb5b8zj.pdf
- Ross, L. E., Manley, M. H., Goldberg, A. E., Januwalla, A., Williams, K., & Flanders, C. E. (2017). Characterizing non-monosexual women at risk for poor mental health outcomes: A mixed methods study. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 108(3), e296–e305. doi:https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.108.5884
- Rothblum, E. (1989). Introduction: Lesbianism as a model of a positive lifestyle for women. Women & Therapy, 8(1–2), 1–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J015v08n01_01
- Rothblum, E. D., Balsam, K. F., Riggle, E. D., Rostosky, S. S., & Wickham, R. E. (2020a). Studying the longest ‘legal’ US same-sex couples: A case of lessons learned. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 16(3), 259–276. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2019.1626787
- Rothblum, E. D., Krueger, E. A., Kittle, K. R., & Meyer, I. H. (2020b). Asexual and non-asexual respondents from a U.S. population-based study of sexual minorities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(2), 757–767. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01485-0
- Ryan, M., & Berkowitz, D. (2009). Constructing gay and lesbian parent families “beyond the closet”. Qualitative Sociology, 32(2), 153–172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-009-9124-6
- Solomon, S. E., Rothblum, E. D., & Balsam, K. F. (2004). Pioneers in partnership: Lesbian and gay male couples in civil unions compared with those not in civil unions and married heterosexual siblings. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(2), 275. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.18.2.275
- Tasker, F., & Delvoye, M. (2015). Moving out of the shadows: Accomplishing bisexual motherhood. Sex Roles, 73(3–4), 125–140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0503-z
- Umberson, D., Pudrovska, T., & Reczek, C. (2010). Parenthood, childlessness, and well‐being: A life course perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 612–629. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00721.x
- The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. (2019a). LGBT Demographic data interactive. Los Angeles, CA: Author.
- The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. 2019b. Social acceptance of LGBT people in 174 countries. Retrieved from https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/global-acceptance-index-lgbt/
- Wilson, B. D. M., Kreuger, E., Politt, A., & Bostwick, W. (in press). Partnership status and mental health in a nationally representative sample of sexual minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity.
- Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. Retrieved from http://www.yorku.ca/rokada/psyctest/socsupp.pdf