References
- Abbott, S., & Freeth, D. (2008). Social capital and health: Starting to make sense of the role of generalized trust and reciprocity. Journal of Health Psychology, 13(7), 874–883. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105308095060
- Bagwell, C. L., Schmidt, M. E., Newcomb, A. F., & Bukowski, W. M. (2001). Friendship and peer rejection as predictors of adult adjustment. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 91, 25–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.4
- Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory (pp. 1–46). New York, NY: General Learning Press.
- Bearman, P. S., & Moody, J. (2004). Suicide and friendships among American adolescents. American Journal of Public Health, 94(1), 89–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.1.89
- Belle, D., Burr, R., & Cooney, J. (1987). Boys and girls as social support theorists. Sex Roles, 17(11–12), 657–665. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287681
- Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843–857. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00065-4
- Bryant, B. K. (1985). Sources of support derived from the neighborhood walk. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(3), 34–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3333847
- Chen, P., & Chantala, K. (2014). Guidelines for analyzing Add Health data (pp. 1–55). Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. https://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/documentation/guides/wt_guidelines_20161213.pdf
- Chesir-Teran, D., & Hughes, D. (2009). Heterosexism in high school and victimization among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(7), 963–975. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9364-x
- Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Cornwell, B., & Laumann, E. O. (2011). Network position and sexual dysfunction: Implications of partner betweenness for men. American Journal of Sociology, 117(1), 172–208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/661079
- Di Giacomo, E., Krausz, M., Colmegna, F., Aspesi, F., & Clerici, M. (2018). Estimating the risk of attempted suicide among sexual minority youths. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(12), 1145–1152. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2731
- Diamond, L. M., & Dube, E. M. (2002). Friendship and attachment among heterosexual and sexual-minority youths: Does the gender of your friend matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(2), 155–166. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014026111486
- Epstein, S. (1995). The construction of lay expertise: AIDS activism and the forging of credibility in the reform of clinical trials. Science, Technology & Human Values, 20(4), 408–437. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399502000402
- Epstein, S. (2007). Inclusion: The politics of difference in medical research. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Erikson, E. (1968). Identity, youth, and crisis. New York, NY: WW Norton Company.
- Fausto-Sterling, A. (2016). The five sexes, revisited. In M. Baca Zinn, P. Hondagneu-Sotelo, M. A. Messner, & A. M. Denissen (Eds.), Gender Through the Prism of Difference (5th ed., pp. 17–21). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H. J., Bryan, A. E. B., Shiu, C., & Emlet, C. A. (2017). The cascading effects of marginalization and pathways of resilience in attaining good health among LGBT older adults. Gerontologist, 57(suppl 1), S72–S83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw170
- Gamson, J. (1995). Must identity movements self-destruct? A queer dilemma. Social Problems, 42(3), 390–407. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3096854
- Gariépy, G., Honkaniemi, H., & Quesnel-Vallée, A. (2016). Social support and protection from depression: Systematic review of current findings in western countries. British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(4), 284–293. doi:https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.169094
- Garrett-Walker, J. J., & Longmire-Avital, B. (2018). Resilience and depression: The roles of racial identity, sexual identity, and social support on well-being for Black LGB emerging adults. Journal of Black Sexuality and Relationships, 4(4), 1–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/bsr.2018.0008
- Ge, L., Yap, C. W., Ong, R., & Heng, B. H. (2017). Social isolation, loneliness and their relationships with depressive symptoms: A population-based study. PLoS ONE, 12(8), 1–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182145
- Gillespie, B. J., Frederick, D., Harari, L., & Grov, C. (2015). Homophily, close friendship, and life satisfaction among gay, lesbian, heterosexual, and bisexual men and women. PLoS ONE, 10(6), 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128900
- Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Giordano, P. C. (2003). Relationships in adolescence. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 257–281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100047
- Graber, R., Turner, R., & Madill, A. (2016). Best friends and better coping: Facilitating psychological resilience through boys’ and girls’ closest friendships. British Journal of Psychology, 107(2), 338–358. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12135
- Grzanka, P. R., Zeiders, K. H., & Miles, J. R. (2016). Beyond “Born This Way?” Reconsidering sexual orientation beliefs and attitudes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 67–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000124
- Haider-Markel, D. P., & Joslyn, M. R. (2008). Beliefs about the origins of homosexuality and support for gay rights: An empirical test of attribution theory. Public Opinion Quarterly, 72(2), 291–310. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfn015
- Hakulinen, C., Pulkki-råback, L., Jokela, M., Ferrie, J. E., Aalto, A., Virtanen, M., … Elovainio, M. (2016). Structural and functional aspects of social support as predictors of mental and physical health trajectories: Whitehall II cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70, 710–715. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-206165
- Hanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California Press. http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/nettext/index.html
- Hardy, S. A., Francis, S. W., Zamboanga, B. L., Kim, S. Y., Anderson, S. G., & Forthun, L. F. (2013). The roles of identity formation and moral identity in college student mental health, health-risk behaviors, and psychological well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(4), 364–382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21913
- Harris, K. M., Halpern, C. T., Whitsel, E., Hussey, J. M., Tabor, J., Entzel, P., & Udry, J. R. (2009). The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health: Research design. http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/design
- Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2014). Structural stigma and the health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(2), 127–132. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414523775
- Hirsch, B. J., & Rapkin, B. D. (1986). Social networks and adult social identities: Profiles and correlates of support and rejection. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 395–412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00922626
- Jones, R. P., Cox, D., & Navarro-Rivera, J. (2014). A shifting landscape: A decade of change in American attitudes about same-sex marriage and LGBT issues. doi:https://doi.org/10.2968/062002003
- Jordan, J. V. (2001). A relational-cultural model: Healing through mutual empathy. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 65(1), 92–103. doi:https://doi.org/10.1521/bumc.65.1.92.18707
- Katz-Wise, S. L. (2015). Sexual fluidity in young adult women and men: Associations with sexual orientation and sexual identity development. Psychology and Sexuality, 6(2), 189–208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2013.876445
- Kaufman, J. M., & Johnson, C. (2004). Stigmatized individuals and the process of identity. Sociological Quarterly, 45(4), 807–833. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb02315.x
- Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal Urban Health, 78(3), 458–467. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.3.458
- Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Zongrone, A. D., Clark, C. M., & Truong, N. L. (2018). The 2017 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation’s schools. New York, NY: GLSEN.
- Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(May), 363–385. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
- Lyons, H., Giordano, P. C., Manning, W. D., & Longmore, M. A. (2011). Identity, peer relationships, and adolescent girls’ sexual behavior: An exploration of the contemporary double standard. Journal of Sex Research, 48(5), 437–449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.506679
- McCarthy, J. (2020). U.S. support for same-sex marriage matches record high. Gallup News. https://news.gallup.com/poll/311672/support-sex-marriage-matches-record-high.aspx
- McKay, T. R., & Watson, R. J. (2020). Gender expansive youth disclosure and mental health: Clinical implications of gender identity disclosure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(1), 66–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000354
- Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
- Morandini, J. S., Blaszczynski, A., Ross, M. W., Costa, D. S. J., & Dar-nimrod, I. (2015). Essentialist beliefs, sexual identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity and psychological wellbeing in gay men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(3), 413–424. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000072
- Morris, M. (2018). “Gay capital” in gay student friendship networks: An intersectional analysis of class, masculinity, and decreased homophobia. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(9), 1183–1204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517705737
- Mustanski, B., Birkett, M., Greene, G. J., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Newcomb, M. E. (2014). Envisioning an America without sexual orientation inequities in adolescent health. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 218–225. doi:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301625
- Oles, M. (2016). Dimensions of identity and subjective quality of life in adolescents. Social Indicator Research, 126(3), 1401–1419. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0942-5
- Olson-Kennedy, J., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Baudewijntje, P. K., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F., Garofalo, R., Meyer, W., & Rosenthal, S. M. (2016). Research priorities for gender nonconforming/transgender youth: Gender identity development and biopsychosocial outcomes. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity, 23(2), 172–179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000236
- Papini, D. R., Farmer, F. F., Clark, S. M., Micka, J. C., & Barnett, J. K. (1990). Early adolescent age and gender differences in patterns of emotional self-disclosure to parents and friends. Adolescence, 25(100), 959–976.
- Pascoe, C. J. (2007). Dude you’re a fag: Masculinity and sexuality in high school. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Pearson, J., & Wilkinson, L. (2013). Family relationships and adolescent well-being: Are families equally protective for same-sex attracted youth? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(3), 376–393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9865-5
- Perales, F., Campbell, A., & O’Flaherty, M. (2020). Sexual orientation and adolescent time use: How sexual minority youth spend their time. Child Development, 91(3), 983–1000. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13245
- Pulice-Farrow, L., Clements, Z. A., & Galupo, M. P. (2017). Patterns of transgender microaggressions in friendship: The role of gender identity. Psychology & Sexuality, 8(3), 189–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2017.1343745
- Rook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(5), 1097–1108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.5.1097
- Ross, L. E., Salway, T., Tarasoff, L. A., MacKay, J. M., Hawkins, B. W., & Fehr, C. P. (2018). Prevalence of depression and anxiety among bisexual people compared to gay, lesbian, and heterosexual individuals: Asystematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sex Research, 55(4–5), 435–456. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1387755
- Rowe, M. (2014). Becoming and belonging in gay men’s life stories. Sociological Perspectives, 57(4), 434–449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121414531104
- Saewyc, E. M. (2011). Research on adolescent sexual orientation: Development, health disparities, stigma, and resilience. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 256–272. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00727.x
- Savin-Williams, R. C. (2005). The new gay teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Savin-Williams, R. C., & Vrangalova, Z. (2013). Mostly heterosexual as a distinct sexual orientation group: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Developmental Review, 33(1), 58–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2013.01.001
- Soller, B. (2014). Caught in a bad romance: Adolescent romantic relationships and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 55(1), 56–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146513520432
- Somers, M. R. (1994). The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach. Theory and Society, 23(5), 605–649. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992905
- Southwick, S. M., Sippel, L., Krystal, J., Charney, D., Mayes, L., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2016). Why are some individuals more resilient than others: The role of social support. World Psychiatry, 15(1), 75–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20280
- Steffensmeier, D. J., Schwartz, J., & Roche, M. (2013). Gender and twenty-first-century corporate crime: Female involvement and the gender gap in Enron-gra corporate frauds. American Sociological Review, 78(3), 448–476. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122413484150
- Stryker, S. (2001). Traditional symbolic interactionism, role theory, and structural symbolic interactionism: The road to identity theory. In Handbook of sociological theory (pp. 211–231). Boston, MA: Springer.
- Thoits, P. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 53–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2626957
- Thompson, E. M., & Morgan, E. M. (2008). “Mostly straight” young women: Variations in sexual behavior and identity development. Developmental Psychology, 44(1), 15–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.15
- Vaquera, E., & Kao, G. (2008). Do you like me as much as I like you? Friendship reciprocity and its effects on school outcomes among adolescents. Social Science Research, 37(1), 55–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.11.002
- Vrangalova, Z., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (2012). Mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian: Evidence for new sexual orientationi. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(1), 85–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9921-y
- Walton, M. T., Lykins, A. D., & Bhullar, N. (2016). Beyond heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual: A diversity in sexual identity expression. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(7), 1591–1597. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0778-3
- Williams, T., Connolly, J., Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (2005). Peer victimization, social support, and psychosocial adjustment of sexual minority adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(5), 471–482. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-7264-x
- Worthen, M. G. F. (2013). An argument for separate analyses of attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual men, bisexual women, MtF and FtM transgender individuals. Sex Roles, 68(11–12), 703–723. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0155-1
- Wright, E. R., & Perry, B. L. (2006). Sexual identity distress, social support, and the health of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(1), 81–110. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v51n01