5,549
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Who Has a Better Auditory Gaydar? Sexual Orientation Categorization by Heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People

, PhDORCID Icon, , PhD & , MSc

References

  • Abrams, J. R., & Giles, H. (2004). An intergroup to communicating stigma: Gays and lesbians. In S. H. Ng, C. N. Candlin, & C. Y. Chiu (Eds.), Language Matters: Communication, Identity, and Culture, (pp. 27–61). Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press.
  • Alt, N. P., Lick, D. J., & Johnson, K. L. (2020). The straight categorization bias: A motivated and altruistic reasoning account. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(6), 1266–1289. doi:10.1037/pspi0000232
  • Ambady, N., Hallahan, M., & Conner, B. (1999). Accuracy of judgments of sexual orientation from thin slices of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(3), 538–547. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.538
  • Baker, P. (2003). Polari-the lost language of gay men. London: Routledge.
  • Barton, B. (2015). How like perceives like: Gay people on “gaydar.” Journal of Homosexuality, 62(12), 1615–1637. doi:10.1080/00918369.2015.1091207
  • Berger, G., Hank, L., Rauzi, T., & Simkins, L. (1987). Detection of sexual orientation by heterosexuals and homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 13(4), 83–100. doi:10.1300/J082v13n04_05
  • Brambilla, M., Riva, P., & Rule, N. O. (2013). Familiarity increases the accuracy of categorizing male sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 193–195. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.023
  • Brewer, G., & Lyons, M. (2016). Discrimination of sexual orientation: Accuracy and confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 260–264. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.019
  • Chauncey, G. (1994). Gay New York: Gender, urban culture, and the making of the gay male world, 1890-1940. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Clarke, V., Hayfield, N., & Huxley, C. (2012). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans appearance and embodiment: A critical review of the psychological literature. Psychology of Sexualites Review, 3, 51–70.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Colzato, L. S., Van Hooidonk, L., Van Den Wildenberg, W., Harinck, F., & Hommel, B. (2010). Sexual orientation biases attentional control: A possible gaydar mechanism. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00013
  • Cox, W. T., Devine, P. G., Bischmann, A. A., & Hyde, J. S. (2016). Inferences about sexual orientation: The roles of stereotypes, faces, and the gaydar myth. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(2), 157–171. doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1015714
  • Daniele, M., Fasoli, F., Antonio, R., Sulpizio, S., & Maass, A. (2020). in press). Gay voice: Stable marker of sexual orientation or flexible communication device? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(7), 2585–2600. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01771-2.
  • Diamond, L. M. (2016). Sexual fluidity in male and females. Current Sexual Health Reports, 8(4), 249–256. doi:10.1007/s11930-016-0092-z
  • Fasoli, F., Hegarty, P., & Frost, D. M. (2021). Stigmatization of ‘gay‐sounding’ voices: The role of heterosexual, lesbian, and gay individuals’ essentialist beliefs. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(3), 826–850. doi:10.1111/bjso.12442
  • Fasoli, F., Hegarty, P., Maass, A., & Antonio, R. (2018). Who wants to sound straight? Sexual majority and minority stereotypes, beliefs and desires about auditory gaydar. Personality and Individual Differences, 130, 59–64. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.046
  • Fasoli, F., & Maass, A. (2018). Voice and prejudice: The social costs of auditory gaydar. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 26(2), 98–110. doi:10.1080/15456870.2018.1432617
  • Gaudio, R. P. (1994). Sounding gay: Pitch properties in the speech of gay and straight men. American Speech, 69(1), 30–57. doi:10.2307/455948
  • Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. The Journal of Sex Research, 25, 451–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498809551476
  • Hunt, C. J., Fasoli, F., Carnaghi, A., & Cadinu, M. (2016). Masculine self-presentation and distancing from femininity in gay men: An experimental examination of the role of masculinity threat. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 17(1), 108. doi:10.1037/a0039545
  • Kachel, S., Radtke, A., Skuk, V. G., Zäske, R., Simpson, A. P., & Steffens, M. C. (2018). Investigating the common set of acoustic parameters in sexual orientation groups: A voice averaging approach. PloS One, 13(12), e0208686. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208686
  • Kachel, S., Simpson, A. P., & Steffens, M. C. (2017). Acoustic correlates of sexual orientation and gender-role self-concept in women's speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 141(6), 4793–4809. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4988684
  • Kachel, S., Simpson, A. P., & Steffens, M. C. (2018). “Do I sound straight?”: Acoustic correlates of actual and perceived sexual orientation and masculinity/femininity in men’s speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61(7), 1560–1578. doi:10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0125
  • Kachel, S., Steffens, M. C., Preuß, S., & Simpson, A. P. (2020). Gender (conformity) matters: Cross-dimensional and cross-modal associations in sexual orientation Perception. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 39(1), 40–66. doi:10.1177/0261927X19883902
  • Kreiman, J., Keating, P. A., Park, S. J., Rastifar, S., & Alwan, A. (2015). Within-and between-talker variability in voice quality in normal speaking situations. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(4), 2418. doi:10.1121/1.4920824
  • Lavan, N., Burton, A. M., Scott, S. K., & McGettigan, C. (2019). Flexible voices: Identity perception from variable vocal signals. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(1), 90–102. doi:10.3758/s13423-018-1497-7
  • Lick, D. J., & Johnson, K. L. (2016). Straight until proven gay: A systematic bias toward straight categorizations in sexual orientation judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(6), 801–817. doi:10.1037/pspa0000052
  • Linville, S. E. (1998). Acoustic correlates of perceived versus actual sexual orientation in men’s speech. Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica, 50(1), 35–48. doi:10.1159/000021447
  • Lyons, M., Lynch, A., Brewer, G., & Bruno, D. (2014). Detection of sexual orientation (“gaydar”) by homosexual and heterosexual women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(2), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0144-7
  • Miller, A. E. (2018). Searching for gaydar: Blind spots in the study of sexual orientation perception. Psychology & Sexuality, 9(3), 188–203. doi:10.1080/19419899.2018.1468353
  • Munson, B. (2007). The acoustic correlates of perceived masculinity, perceived femininity, and perceived sexual orientation. Language and Speech, 50(1), 125–142. doi:10.1177/00238309070500010601
  • Nicholas, C. L. (2004). Gaydar: Eye-gaze as identity recognition among gay men and lesbians. Sexuality and Culture, 8(1), 60–86. doi:10.1007/s12119-004-1006-1
  • Painter, D., Fasoli, F., & Sulpizio, S. (2021). The impact of stimuli length and analytic method on auditory gaydar. Journal of Voice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.08.016
  • Plant, E. A., Zielaskowski, K., & Buck, D. M. (2014). Mating motives and concerns about being misidentified as gay or lesbian: Implications for the avoidance and derogation of sexual minorities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(5), 633–645. doi:10.1177/0146167214521467
  • Podesva, R. J. (2007). Phonation type as a stylistic variable: The use of falsetto in constructing a persona 1. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 11(4), 478–504. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2007.00334.x
  • Rakić, T., Steffens, M. C., & Mummendey, A. (2011). Blinded by the accent! The minor role of looks in ethnic categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(1), 16–29. doi:10.1037/a0021522
  • Ravenhill, J., & de Visser, R. O. (2017). Perceptions of gay men’s masculinity are associated with their sexual label, voice quality and physique. Psychology & Sexuality, 8(3), 208–222. doi:10.1080/19419899.2017.1343746
  • Rieger, G., Linsenmeier, J. A., Gygax, L., Garcia, S., & Bailey, J. M. (2010). Dissecting “gaydar”: Accuracy and the role of masculinity–femininity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(1), 124–140. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9405-2
  • Ruben, M. A., Hill, K. M., & Hall, J. A. (2014). How women’s sexual orientation guides accuracy of interpersonal judgements of other women. Cognition and Emotion, 28(8), 1512–1521. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.890093
  • Rule, N. O., & Ambady, N. (2008). Brief exposures: Male sexual orientation is accurately perceived at 50 ms. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(4), 1100–1105. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.12.001
  • Rule, N. O., Rosen, K. S., Slepian, M. L., & Ambady, N. (2011). Mating interest improves women’s accuracy in judging male sexual orientation. Psychological Science, 22(7), 881–886. doi:10.1177/0956797611412394
  • Rule, N. O. (2017). Perceptions of sexual orientation from minimal cues. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(1), 129–139. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0779-2
  • Salvati, M., Pistella, J., Giacomantonio, M., & Baiocco, R. (2018). Lesbians’ negative affect toward sexual minority people with stereotypical masculine and feminine characteristics. International Journal of Sexual Health, 30(2), 162–176. doi:10.1080/19317611.2018.1472705
  • Shelp, S. G. (2003). Gaydar. Journal of Homosexuality, 44(1), 1–14. doi:10.1300/J082v44n01_01
  • Smyth, R., Jacobs, G., & Rogers, H. (2003). Male voices and perceived sexual orientation: An experimental and theoretical approach. Language in Society, 32(3), 329–350. doi:10.1017/S0047404503323024
  • Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31(1), 137–149. doi:10.3758/BF03207704
  • Sulpizio, S., Fasoli, F., Antonio, R., Eyssel, F., Paladino, M. P., & Diehl, C. (2020). Auditory Gaydar : Perception of Sexual Orientation Based on Female Voice. Language and Speech, 63(1), 184–206. doi:10.1177/0023830919828201
  • Sulpizio, S., Fasoli, F., Maass, A., Paladino, M. P., Vespignani, F., Eyssel, F., & Bentler, D. (2015). The sound of voice: Voice-based categorization of speakers’ sexual orientation within and across languages. PloS One, 10(7), e0128882. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128882
  • Tracy, E. C., Bainter, S. A., & Satariano, N. P. (2015). Judgments of self-identified gay and heterosexual male speakers: Which phonemes are most salient in determining sexual orientation? Journal of Phonetics, 52, 13–25. doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2015.04.001
  • Valentova, J. V., & Havlíček, J. (2013). Perceived sexual orientation based on vocal and facial stimuli is linked to self-rated sexual orientation in Czech men. PloS One, 8(12), e82417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082417
  • Woolery, L. M. (2007). Gaydar. Journal of Homosexuality, 53(3), 9–17. doi:10.1300/J082v53n03_02