Towards a Situated Understanding of Vulnerability — An Analysis of Ugandan LGBT+ Exposure to Hate Crimes in Digital Spaces

References

• Adamczyk, A. (2017). Cross-national public opinion about homosexuality. In Cross-National public opinion about homosexuality. Oakland: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Amnesty International. (2014). Rule by law-discriminatory legislation and legitimized abuses in Uganda. London: Amnesty International Ltd. https://www.amnestyusa.org/files/afr59062014en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Amoedo, L. H. (2021). Kuchu counterpublic on Facebook: Gay men’s challenge to heterosexist policies in Uganda. Anthropology and Humanism, 46(1), 21–37. doi:10.1111/anhu.12318
   Google Scholar
• Bompani, B., & Valois, C. (2017). Sexualizing politics: The anti-homosexuality bill, party-politics and the new political dispensation in Uganda. Critical African Studies, 9(1), 52–70. doi:10.1080/21681392.2015.1137479
   Google Scholar
• Boyd, L. (2013). The problem with freedom: Homosexuality and human rights in Uganda. Anthropological Quarterly, 86(3), 697–724. doi:10.1353/anq.2013.0034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, A. (2019). Kuchu activism, queer sex-work and “lavender marriages,” in Uganda’s virtual LGBT safe (r) spaces. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 13(1), 90–105. doi:10.1080/17531055.2018.1547258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick, A. (2013). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Currier, A., & Moreau, J. (2016). Digital strategies and African LGBTI organizing. In Digital activism in the social media era (pp. 231–247). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Dencik, L. & Leistert, O. (Eds.), (2015). Critical perspectives on social media and protest: Between control and emancipation. Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Edenborg, E. (2020). Visibility in global queer politics. In Bosia, M. J., McEvoy, S. M. & Rahman, M. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of global LGBT and sexual diversity politics (pp. 349).Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Englander, D. (2011). Protecting the human rights of LGBT people in Uganda in the wake of Uganda’s ‘anti homosexuality Bill, 2009.’ Emory International Law Review, 25(3), 1263.
   Google Scholar
• Epprecht, M. (2008). Heterosexual Africa?: The history of an idea from the age of exploration to the age of AIDS. Athens: Ohio Univ Ctr for Intl Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Epprecht, M. (2010). The making of ‘African sexuality’: Early sources, current debates. History Compass, 8(8), 768–779. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00715.x
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. (1996). Pedagogy of the oppressed, 2nd ed. CA: Penguin Groups. ( first published 1970).
   Google Scholar
• Guo, C., & Saxton, G. D. (2020). The quest for attention: Nonprofit advocacy in a social media age. Redwood City CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haraway, D. (1991). An ironic dream of a common language for women in the integrated circuit. Philosophy of Technology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Awareness and Promotion Forum. (2017). The computer misuse act, 2011: Yet another legal fetter to the basic rights and freedoms of marginalised persons. Author. Retrieved from https://hrapf.org/index.php/resources/human-rights-advocate-magazine/97-fourth-issue-of-the-human-rights-advocate/file
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Watch. (2008). This Alien legacy the origins of “sodomy” laws in British colonialism. London, UK: HRW.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Watch. (2014). Uganda: Anti-homosexuality act’s heavy toll- discriminatory law prompts arrests, attacks, evictions, flight. Human Rigths Watch. Retrieved september 10, 2020, from https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/05/14/uganda-anti-homosexuality-acts-heavy-toll
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, P. (2015). Making unjust law: The parliament of Uganda and the anti-homosexuality act 2014. Parliamentary Affairs, 68(4), 709–736. doi:10.1093/pa/gsu021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaoma, K. (2013 The Marriage of Convenience: The U.S. Christian Right, African Christianity, and Postcolonial Politics of Sexual Identity. In Weiss, M., Bosia, M. (Eds.), Global Homophobia: States, Movements, and the Politics of Oppression. ISBN 13: 978025203772.
   Google Scholar
• Kaoma, K. (2014). The paradox and tension of moral claims: Evangelical Christianity, the politicization and globalization of sexual politics in sub-Saharan Africa. Critical Research on Religion, 2(3), 227–245.
   Google Scholar
• Kuran, C. H. A., Morsut, C., Kruke, B. I., Krüger, M., Segnestam, L., Orru, K., … Torpan, S. (2020). Vulnerability and vulnerable groups from an intersectionality perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101826. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101826
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau, J., & Currier, A. (2018). Queer dilemmas: LGBT activism and international funding. In Mason, C. L (Ed.), Routledge handbook of queer development studies (pp. 223–238). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Namusoga, S. (2017). The framing of homosexuality by two Ugandan newspapers: An analysis of new vision and daily monitor ( Doctoral dissertation, Centre for Communication, Media and Society University of KwaZulu-Natal).
   Google Scholar
• Neiman, S. (2019, November 21). Uganda’s escalating LGBT crackdown feels eerily familiar. World Politics Review. Retrieved from https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28364/uganda-s-escalating-lgbt-crackdown-feels-eerily-familiar
   Google Scholar
• Nyanzi, S. (2013). Dismantling reified African culture through localised homosexualities in Uganda. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15(8), 952–967. doi:10.1080/13691058.2013.798684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyanzi, S., & Karamagi, A. (2015). The social-political dynamics of the anti-homosexuality legislation in Uganda. Agenda, 29(1), 24–38. doi:10.1080/10130950.2015.1024917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyoni, Z. (2021). COVID-19 emergency powers as a weapon for targeting LGBTIQ people in Uganda? Harvard Human Rights Journal, Online Journal. 3 May 2021. https://harvardhrj.com/2021/05/covid-19-emergency-powers-as-a-weapon-for-targeting-lgbtiq-people-in-uganda/
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, M. (2013). Transnational sex politics, conservative Christianity, and antigay activism in Uganda. Studies in Social Justice, 7(1), 83–105. doi:10.26522/ssj.v7i1.1056
   Google Scholar
• Oluoch, A., & Tabengwa, M. (2017). LGBT visibility: A double-edged sword. Geneve, ILGA: State Sponsored Homophobia. https://ilga.org/downloads/2017/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2017_WEB.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pascar, L., Hartal, G., & David, Y. (2018). Queering safety? An introduction. Borderlands, 17(1), 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Pellot, B. (2020). Media representation of LGBTQ people in Africa. The Arcus Foundation. Retrieved from www.arcusfoundation.org/publications/media-representation-of-lgbtq-people-in-africa/
   Google Scholar
• Peters, M. M. (2014). Kuchus in the Balance: Queer Lives under Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Bill ( Doctoral dissertation), Northwestern University.
   Google Scholar
• Pötzsch, H. (2019). Critical digital literacy: Technology in education beyond issues of user competence and labour-market qualifications. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 17(2), 221–240.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, A., Scott, A. J., & Henry, N. (2020). Digital harassment and abuse: Experiences of sexuality and gender minority adults. European Journal of Criminology, 17(2), 199–223. doi:10.1177/1477370818788006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadgrove, J., Vanderbeck, R. M., Andersson, J., Valentine, G., & Ward, K. (2012). Morality plays and money matters: Towards a situated understanding of the politics of homosexuality in Uganda. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 50(1), 103–129. doi:10.1017/S0022278X11000620
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltnes, J. D., & Thiel, M. (2021). The politicization of LGBTI human rights norms in the EU‐Uganda development partnership. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 59(1), 108–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sexual Minority Uganda. (2016). “And that’s how I survived being killed” testimonies of human rights abuses from Uganda’s sexual and gender minorities. Kampala, Uganda: SMUG.
   Google Scholar
• Ståsett, S. J. (2007). The Ethics of Vulnerability, Social Inclusion and Social Capital. Forum for development studies, 34(1), 45–62. doi:10.1080/08039410.2007.9666365
   Google Scholar
• Strand, C. (2011). Kill Bill! Ugandan human rights organizations’ attempts to influence the media’s coverage of the anti-homosexuality Bill. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13(8), 917–931. doi:10.1080/13691058.2011.589080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand, C. (2012). Homophobia as a barrier to comprehensive media coverage of the Ugandan anti-homosexual bill. Journal of Homosexuality, 59(4), 564–579. doi:10.1080/00918369.2012.665679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand, C. (2018). Cross-media studies as a method to uncover patterns of silence and linguistic discrimination of sexual minorities in Ugandan print media. In Schröter, M & Taylor, C (Eds.), Exploring silence and absence in discourse (pp. 125–157). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Strand, C., & Svensson, J. (2019). “Fake news” on sexual minorities is “old news”: A study of digital platforms as spaces for challenging inaccurate reporting on Ugandan sexual minorities. African Journalism Studies, 40(4), 77–95. doi:10.1080/23743670.2019.1665565
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson, J., & Strand, C. (2018). ICTs and opportunities of empowerment in a context of state-sanctioned homophobia: The case of the LGBTQI community in Kampala. EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2018, p. 229.
   Google Scholar
• Tamale, S. (2009). A human rights impact assessment of the Ugandan Anti-homosexuality Bill 2009. The Equal Rights Review, 4, 49–57.
   Google Scholar
• Tamale, S. (2012). The poltics of sexual diversity: An afterword in sexual diversity in Africa: Politics, theory, and citizenship. S. N. Nyeck & M. Epprecht Eds. Montréal: McGill-Queen’s Press-MQUP.
   Google Scholar
• Tamale, S. (2013). Confronting the politics of nonconforming sexualities in Africa. African Studies Review, 5(6), 31–45. doi:10.1017/asr.2013.40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thapa, S. J. (2015). LGBT Uganda today: Continuing danger despite nullification of anti-homosexuality act. Global Spotlight. https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/Global_Spotlight_Uganda__designed_version__September_25__2015.pdfhttps://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/Global_Spotlight_Uganda__designed_version__September_25__2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Thomson Reuters Foundation. (2020, March 31). Uganda charges 20 LGBT+ people with risking spread of coronavirus. Retrieved from https://news.trust.org/item/20200331154246-ffh8z/
   Google Scholar
• Treem, J. W., & Leonardi, P. M. (2013). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Annals of the International Communication Association, 36(1), 143–189. doi:10.1080/23808985.2013.11679130
   Google Scholar
• Treré, E., & Mattoni, A. (2016). Media ecologies and protest movements: Main perspectives and key lessons. Information, Communication & Society, 19(3), 290–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valois, C. (2015). Virtual access: The Ugandan ‘anti-gay’movement, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender blogging and the public sphere. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 9(1), 145–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Benzon, N., & van Blerk, L. (2017). Research relationships and responsibilities:‘Doing’research with ‘vulnerable’participants: Introduction to the special edition. Social & Cultural Geography, 18(7), 895–905. doi:10.1080/14649365.2017.1346199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Carretero Gomez, S., & Van den Brande, G (2016). DigComp 2.0: The digital competence framework for citizens. Update phase 1: The conceptual reference model. Luxembourg Publication Office of the European Union. EUR 27948 EN. doi:10.2791/11517
   Google Scholar
• Wadsworth, Y. (1998). What is participatory action research? Action research international (Paper 2). Retrieved May 1 2022. https://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/images/articles/hires/img200603291143660763-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wahab, A. (2016). “Homosexuality/homophobia is Un-African”?: Un-mapping transnational discourses in the context of Uganda’s anti-homosexuality bill/act. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(5), 685–718. doi:10.1080/00918369.2015.1111105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, K. (2015). The role of the Anglican and Catholic Churches in Uganda in public discourse on homosexuality and ethics. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 9(1), 127–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, C. (2017). ‘You’re too much!’: Experiencing the straightness of security. Critical Studies on Security, 5(1), 113–116. doi:10.1080/21624887.2017.1294832
   Google Scholar
• Zomorodi, G. (2015). SOGI-related forced migration in East Africa: Fleeing Uganda after the passage of the anti-homosexuality act. The Global Philanthropy Project. Retrieved from https://www.issuelab.org/resources/24089/24089.pdf
   Google Scholar