Should Sexual Problems Be Included in the Internalizing Spectrum? A Comparison of Dimensional and Categorical Models

REFERENCES

• Acton, G.S., & Zodda, J.J. (2005). Classification of psychopathology: Goals and methods in an empirical approach. Theory Psychology, 15, 373–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althof, S.E., Leiblum, S.R., Chevret-Measson, M., Hartmann, U., Levine, S.B., McCabe, M., … Wylie, K. (2005). Psychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2, 793–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013a). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.): International version. Arlington, VA: Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013b). DSM-5 development. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J., & Gerbing, D. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, G., Anderson, T., Slade, T., & Sunderland, M. (2008). Classification of anxiety and depressive disorders: Problems and solutions. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 274–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being: Summary of results. Canberra, Australia: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Balon, R. (2006). Mood, anxiety, and physical illness: Body and mind, or mind and body. Depression and Anxiety, 23, 377–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft, J., Janssen, E., Strong, D., Carnes, L., Vukadinovic, Z., & Long, J. (2003). The relation between mood and sexuality in heterosexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 217–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basson, R. (2003). Biopsychosocial models of women's sexual response: Applications to management of “desire disorders.” Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 18, 107–115.
   Google Scholar
• Basson, R. (2005). Women's sexual dysfunction: Revised and expanded definitions. Canadian Medical Journal, 172, 1327–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisseau, C.L., Farchione, T.J., Fairholme, C.P., Ellard, K.K., & Barlow, D.H. (2010). The development of the Unified Protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: A case study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 102–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, A., & Meston, C. (2006). The impact of anxiety on sexual arousal in women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1067–1077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brotto, L.A. (2010). The DSM diagnostic criteria for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 221–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambless, D.L., Caputo, G.C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of “fear of fear” in agoraphobics: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, L.A., Watson, D., & Reynolds, S. (1995). Diagnosis and classification of psychopathology: Challenges to the current system and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 121–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, K.M., Davidson, J.R. T., Churchill, L.E., Sherwood, A., Foa, E., & Weisler, R.H. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 379–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corretti, G., & Baldi, I. (2007, August 1). The relationship between anxiety disorders and sexual dysfunction. Psychiatric Times, 24. . Available at http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/relationship-between-anxiety-disorders-and-sexual-dysfunction
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L.R., Meyer, J.K., & King, K.M. (1981). Psychopathology in individuals with sexual dysfunction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 757–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrenreich, J.T., Buzzella, B., & Barlow, D.H. (2007). General therapeutic principles for the treatment of emotional disorders. In S.H. J. Weinberger (Ed.), The art and science of psychotherapy (pp. 191–210). Brunner-Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Elliot, A.N., & O’Donohue, W.T. (1997). The effects of anxiety and distraction on sexual arousal in a nonclinical sample of heterosexual women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26, 607–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueira, I., Possidente, E., Marques, C., & Hayes, K. (2001). Sexual dysfunction: A neglected complication of panic disorder and social phobia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 369–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes, M.K., Baillie, A.J., & Schniering, C.A. (2014). Critical flaws in the Female Sexual Function Index and the International Index of Erectile Function. Journal of Sex Research, 51(5), 485–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes, M.K., & Schniering, C.A. (2013). Are sexual problems a form of internalizing psychopathology? A structural equation modeling analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42, 23–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, J.D., & Crawford, J.R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 227–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyer, J., Uhmann, S., Rambow, J., & Jacobi, F. (2009). Reduction of sexual dysfunction: By-product of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychological disorders? Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 24, 64–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, D.L., Gillaspy, J.A., & Purc-Stephenson, R. (2009). Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: An overview and some recommendations. Psychological Methods, 14, 6–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendler, K.S. (2009). Introduction to ‘A proposal for a meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1991.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendurkar, A., & Kaur, B. (2008). Major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder: Do the sexual dysfunctions differ? Primary Care Companion for the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 10, 299–305.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kessler, R.C., Chiu, W.T., Demler, O., & Walters, E.E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R.F. (1999). The structure of common mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 921–926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R.F., Markon, K.E., Patrick, C.J., & Iacono, W.G. (2005). Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: A dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 537–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R.F., & Piasecki, T.M. (2002). Toward a dimensional and psychometrically-informed approach to conceptualizing psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 485–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R.F., Watson, D., & Barlow, D.H. (2005). Introduction to the special section: Toward a dimensionally based taxonomy of psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 491–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann, E.O., Paik, A., & Rosen, R.C. (1999). Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors. American Medical Association, 281, 537–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent, S.M., & Simons, A.D. (2009). Sexual dysfunction in depression and anxiety: Conceptualizing sexual dysfunction as part of an internalizing dimension. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 573–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, Y., Mendell, N.R., & Rubin, D.B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88, 767–778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, S.H., & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe, B., Decker, O., Muller, S., Brahler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008). Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. . Medical Care, 36(3), 266–274. . doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318160d093
   Google Scholar
• Markon, K.E. (2010). Modeling psychopathology structure: A symptom-level analysis of Axis I and II disorders. Psychological Medicine, 40, 273–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masyn, K.E., Henderson, C.E., & Greenbaum, P.E. (2010). Exploring the latent structures of psychological constructs in social development using the dimensional-categorical spectrum. Social Development, 19, 470–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, M.P. (2001). Evaluation of a cognitive behavior therapy program for people with sexual dysfunction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 27, 259–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael, A., & O’Keane, V. (2000). Sexual dysfunction in depression. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 15, 337–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobre, P.J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2006). Dysfunctional sexual beliefs as vulnerability factors for sexual dysfunction. Journal of Sex Research, 43, 68–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobre, P.J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2009). Cognitive schemas associated with negative sexual events: A comparison of men and women with and without sexual dysfunction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 842–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nofzinger, E.A., Thase, M.E., Reynolds, C.F., Frank, E., Jennings, R., Garamoni, G.L., … Kupfer, D.J. (1993). Sexual function in depressed men: Assessment by self-report, behavioral, and nocturnal penile tumescence measures before and after treatment with cognitive behavior therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 24–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nylund, K.L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 535–569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palace, E., & Gorzalka, B. (1990). The enhancing effects of anxiety on arousal in sexually dysfunctional and functional women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 403–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rellini, A.H., McCall, K.M., Randall, P.K., & Meston, C.M. (2005). The relationship between women's subjective and physiological sexual arousal. Psychophysiology, 42, 116–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, R.C., Brown, C., Heiman, J., Leiblum, S., Meston, C., Shabsigh, R., … D’Agostino, R. (2000). The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): A multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 26, 191–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, R.C., Cappelleri, J.C., & Gendrano, N. (2002). The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): A state-of-the-science review. International Journal of Impotence Research, 14, 226–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, R.C., Riley, A., Wagner, G., Osterloh, I.H., Kirkpatrick, J., & Mishra, A. (1997). The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF): A multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology, 49, 822–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A.M. A., Pitts, M.K., Shelley, J.M., Richters, J., & Ferris, J. (2007). The Australian longitudinal study of health and relationships. BMC Public Health, 7, 139–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K.K., Williams, J.B. W., & Lowe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudel, G., Marchand, A., Ravart, M., Aubin, S., Turgeon, L., & Fortier, P. (2001). The effect of a cognitive-behavioral group treatment program on hypoactive sexual desire in women. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 16, 145–164.
   Google Scholar
• van Lankveld, J.J. D. M., & Grotjohann, Y. (2000). Psychiatric comorbidity in heterosexual couples with sexual dysfunction assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 479–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Minnen, A., & Kampman, M. (2000). The interaction between anxiety and sexual function: A controlled study of sexual functioning in women with anxiety disorders. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 15, 47–57.
   Google Scholar
• Vollebergh, W., Iedema, J., Bijl, R., de Gråaf, R., Smit, F., & Ormel, J. (2001). The structure and stability of common mental disorders: The NEMESIS study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 597–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D. (2005). Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 522–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger, T., & Samuel, D. (2005). Diagnostic categories or dimensions? A question for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 494–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger, T., & Sankis, L. (2000). Adult psychopathology: Issues and controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 377–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger, T., & Trull, T. (2007). Plate techtonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model. American Psychologist, 62, 71–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiegel, M., Meston, C., & Rosen, R.C. (2005). The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): Cross-validation and development of clinical cutoff scores. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 31, 1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2008). ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th rev. ed.). New York, NY: Author.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2013). ICD-11 beta draft. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/classifications/icd11
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2014). ICD-11 Beta draft user guide. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/Help/Get/architecture/en
   Google Scholar