Being Sexually Attracted to Minors: Sexual Development, Coping With Forbidden Feelings, and Relieving Sexual Arousal in Self-Identified Pedophiles

REFERENCES

• American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Blanchard, R., Christensen, B.K., Strong, S.M., Cantor, J.M., Kuban, M.E., Klassen, P.,... Blak, T. (2002). Retrospective self-reports of childhood accidents causing unconsciousness in phallometrically diagnosed pedophiles. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(6), 511–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, R., Lykins, A.D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M.E., Cantor, J.M., Blak, T.,... Klassen, P.E. (2009). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3), 335–350. doi: 10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogaerts, S., Buschman, J., Kunst, M. J. J., & Winkel, F.W. (2010). Intra- and extra-familial child molestations as pathways building on parental and relational deficits and personality disorders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54(4), 478–493. doi: 10.1177/0306624X09334519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogaerts, S., Vervaeke, G., & Goethals J. (2004). A comparison of relational attitude and personality disorders in the explanation of child molestation. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16(1), 37–47. doi: 10.1177/107906320401600103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Burn, M.F., & Brown, S. (2006). A review of the cognitive distortions in child sex offenders: An examination of the motivations and mechanisms that underlie the justification for abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(3), 225–236. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2005.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, D. L. (2003). Male adolescents: Sexual victimization and subsequent sexual abuse. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20(4), 277–296. doi: 10.1023/A:1024556909087
   Google Scholar
• Buschman, J., Bogaerts, S., Foulger, S., Wilcox, D., Sosnowski, D., & Cushman, B. (2010). Sexual history disclosure polygraph examinations with cybercrime offences: A first Dutch explorative study. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54(3), 395–411. doi: 10.1177/0306624X09334942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor, J.M., Blanchard, R., Christensen, B.K., Dickey, R., Klassen, P.E., Beckstead, A.L.,… Kuban, M.E. (2004). Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia. Neuropsychology, 18(1), 3–14. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capra, G., Forresi, B., & Caffo, E. (2014). Current scientific research on paedophilia: A review. Journal of Psychopathology, 20, 17–26. Retrieved from http://www.jpsychopathol.net /issues/2014/vol20-1/04-Capra.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2013). NL-cijfers: Domeinen van duurzaamheid [Dutch-numbers: Domains of durability]. Retrieved from http://www.cbs.nl
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, L.J., & Galynker, I.I. (2009). Psychopathology and personality traits of pedophiles: Issues for diagnosis and treatment. Psychiatric Times, 26, 25–30. Retrieved from http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/psychopathology-and-personality-traits -pedophiles
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, L.J., & Galynker, I. (2012). Identifying psychological traits potentially subserving aberrant motivation or inhibitory failure in pedophilic behavior. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 49(4), 280–290. Retrieved from http://isramensa. doctorsonly.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/07_-Identifying-psychol-traits.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, L.J., Grebchenko, Y.F., Steinfeld, M., Frenda, S.J., & Galynker, I. (2008). Comparison of personality traits in pedophiles, abstinent opiate addicts, and healthy controls: Considering pedophilia as an addictive behavior. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 829–837. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31818b4e3d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freimond, C.M. (2013). Navigating the stigma of pedophilia: The experiences of nine minor- attracted men in Canada (Master's thesis, Simon Fraser University). . Retrieved from http://summit.sfu.ca/item/13798
   Google Scholar
• Freund, K., Watson, R., & Dickey, R. (1990). Does sexual abuse in childhood cause pedophilia: An exploratory study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 19(6), 557–568. doi: 10.1007/BF01542465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goode, S.D. (2010). Understanding and addressing adult sexual attraction to children: A study of paedophiles in contemporary society. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, R.C., & Hall, R.C. (2009). A profile of pedophilia: Definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues. FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry, 7(4), 522–537. Retrieved from http://dsm.psychiatryonline.org /article.aspx?articleid=53036
   Google Scholar
• Henry, O., Mandeville-Norden, R., Hayes, E., & Egan, V. (2010). Do internet-based sexual offenders reduce to normal, inadequate and deviant groups?Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16(1), 33–46. doi: 10.1080/13552600903454132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hossack, A., Playle, S., Spencer, A., & Carey, A. (2004). Helpline: Accessible help inviting active or potential paedophiles. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 10(1), 123–132. doi: 10.1080/13552600410001667742
   Google Scholar
• Houtepen, J.A. B. M., Sijtsema, J.J., & Bogaerts, S. (2014). From child pornography offending to child sexual abuse: A review of child pornography offender characteristics and risks for cross-over. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 466–473. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imhoff, R. (2014). Punitive attitudes against pedophiles or persons with sexual interest in children: Does the label matter?Sexual Abuse, 26(2), 107–128. doi: 10.1177/1079063213480817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahnke, S., & Hoyer, J. (2013). Stigmatization of people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research. International Journal of Sexual Health, 25(3), 169–184. doi: 10.1080/19317611.2013.795921
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., & Hoyer, J. (2015). Stigmatization of people with pedophilia: Two comparative surveys. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 21–34. doi: 10.1007/s10508-014-0312-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahnke, S., Philipp, K., & Hoyer, J. (2015). Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with pedophilia and their malleability among psychotherapists in training. Child Abuse & Neglect, 93–102. , doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jespersen, A.F., Lalumière, M.L., & Seto, M.C. (2009). Sexual abuse history among adult sex offenders and non-sex offenders: A meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(3), 179192. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, W.L., Hamilton, K.,& Fernandez, Y. (2001). Empathy deficits and cognitive distortions in child molesters. Sexual Abuse, 13(2), 123130. doi: 10.1177/107906320101300205
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neutze, J., Seto, M.C., Schaefer, G.A., Mundt, I.A., & Beier, K.M. (2011). Predictors of child pornography offenses and child sexual abuse in a community sample of pedophiles and hebephiles. Sexual Abuse, 23(2), 212–242. doi: 10.1177/1079063210382043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, T.C., Gau, J.M., & Franklin, T.W. (2011). Key idea: Hirschi's Social Bond/Social Control Theory. In T.C. Pratt, J.M. Gau, & T.W. Franklin (Eds.), Key ideas in criminology and criminal justice (pp. 55–69). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Quayle, E., & Taylor, M. (2002). Child pornography and the Internet: Perpetuating a cycle of abuse. Deviant Behavior, 23(4), 331–361. doi: 10.1080/01639620290086413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salter, D., McMillan, D., Richards, M., Talbot, T., Hodges, J., Bentovim, A.,... Skuse, D. (2003). Development of sexually abusive behaviour in sexually victimized males: A longitudinal study. Lancet, 361(9356), 471–476. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12466-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santilla, P., Mokros, A., Hartwig, M., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Witting, K.,... Sandnabba, N. K. (2010). Childhood sexual interactions with other children are associated with lower preferred age of sexual partners including sexual interest in children in adulthood. Psychiatry Research, 175(1–2), 154–159. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, A., Gykiere, K., Vanhoeck, K., Mann, R.E., & Banse, R. (2014). Direct and indirect measures of sexual maturity preferences differentiate subtypes of child sexual abusers. Sexual Abuse, 26(2), 107–128. doi: 10.1177/1079063213480817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seto, M.C. (2004). Pedophilia and sexual offenses against children. Annual Review of Sex Research, 15(1), 321–361. doi: 10.1080/10532528.2004.10559823
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seto, M.C. (2012). Is pedophilia a sexual orientation?Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(1), 231–236. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9882-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28(1), 78–106. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surjadi, B., Bullens, R., Van Horn, J., & Bogaerts, S. (2010). Internet offending: Sexual and non- sexual functions within a Dutch sample. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16(1), 47–58. doi: 10.1080/13552600903470054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, T. (2000). Sexual offenders’ cognitive distortions as implicit theories. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(5), 491–507. doi: 10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00036-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, T., & Hudson, S.M. (1998). A model of the relapse process in sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(6), 700–725. doi: 10.1177/088626098013006003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, L., Craissati, J., & Keen, S. (2007). Characteristics of Internet child pornography offenders: A comparison with child molesters. Sexual Abuse, 19(4), 449–465. doi: 10.1007/s11194-007-9063-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurtele, S.K., Simons, D., & Moreno, T. (2014). Sexual interest in children among an online sample of men and women: Prevalence and correlates. Sexual Abuse(6), 546–568. , doi: 10.1177/1079063213503688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar