313
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Archaeological Investigations on the Emerald Avenue, a Potential Mississippian Period Roadway in Southwestern Illinois

, ORCID Icon, , , , & show all

References

  • Agbe-Davies, A. S. 2013. “King Street, North of Block 8. New Philadelphia Archaeology Project: 2013 Archaeology Report for 2008-2011.” Accessed January 15 2019. http://www.anthro.illinois.edu/faculty/cfennell/NP/2013ReportMenu.html
  • Alcock, S. E., J. Bodel, and R. J. A. Talbert, eds. 2012. Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Allen, M. J., B. Chan, R. Cleal, C. French, P. Marshall, J. Pollard, R. Pullen, et al. 2016. “Stonehenge’s Avenue and ‘Bluestonehenge’.” Antiquity 90 (352): 991–1008.
  • Alt, S. M. 2001. “Cahokian Change and the Authority of Tradition.” In The Archaeology of Tradition, edited by T. R. Pauketat, 147–156. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Alt, S. M. 2002. “Identities, Traditions, and Diversity in Cahokia’s Uplands.” Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 27: 217–235.
  • Alt, S. M. 2016. “Building Cahokia: Transformation through Tradition.” In Vernacular Architecture in the Pre-Columbian Americans, edited by C. T. Halperin, and L. E. Schwartz, 141–157. London: Routledge.
  • Alt, S. M. 2018. Cahokia’s Complexities. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
  • Alt, S. M., and T. R. Pauketat. 2017. “Shrines Near Cahokia.” Illinois Archaeology 29: 1–26.
  • Alt, S. M., and T. R. Pauketat. 2018. “The Elements of Cahokian Shrine Complexes and Basis of Mississippian Religion.” In Religion and Politics in the Ancient Americas, edited by S. B. Barber, and A. A. Joyce, 51–74. New York: Routledge.
  • Arjona, J. M. 2015. “Sublime Perversions: Capturing the Uncanny Affects of Queer Temporalities in Mississippian Ruins.” Journal of Social Archaeology 16 (2): 189–215.
  • Baires, S. E. 2014. “Cahokia’s Rattlesnake Causeway.” Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 39 (1): 1–18.
  • Baltus, M. R. 2014. “Transforming Material Relationships: 13th Century Revitalization of Cahokian Religious-Politics.” Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. ProQuest (AAT 3646445).
  • Barzilai, R. M., and J. D. Kruchten. 2016. “The Survey and Excavation of Ephemeral Sites around Emerald Mounds.” Paper Presented at the Mississippian Field Conference, Cahokia Mounds State Archaeological Site, July 30, 2016.
  • Beck, C. M. 1991. “Cross-cutting Relationships: The Relative Dating of Ancient Roads on the North Coast of Peru.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 66–79. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Benchley, E. D. 1974. “Mississippian Secondary Mound Loci: A Comparative Functional Analysis in a Time-Space Perspective.” (Ph.D. diss.). University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. ProQuest (AAT 7517802).
  • Bernardini, F., G. Vinci, E. Forte, S. Furlani, M. Pipan, S. Biolchi, A. De Min, et al. 2018. “Discovery of Ancient Roman ‘Highway’ Reveals Geomorphic Changes in Karst Environments During Historic Times.” PLoS ONE 13 (3), e0194939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194939.
  • Boylan, J. 1933. “Illinois Highways, 1700-1848: Roads, Rivers, Ferries, Canals.” Journal of the Illinois state Historical Society (1908-1984) 26 (1/2): 5–59.
  • Brink, McDonough & Co. 1881. History of St. Clair County, Illinois. Philadelphia.
  • Corliss, C. J. 1956. Trails to Rails: A Story of Transportation Progress in Illinois. Published Privately.
  • Davis, J. E. 1998. Frontier Illinois. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Davis, C., and R. Coningham. 2018. “Pilgrimage and Procession: Temporary Gatherings and Journeys Between the Tangible and Intangible through the Archaeology of South Asia.” World Archaeology 50 (2): 347–363.
  • Demel, S. J., and R. L. Hall. 1998. “The Mississippian Town Plan and Cultural Landscape of Cahokia.” In Mississippian Towns and Sacred Spaces: Searching for an Architectural Grammar, edited by R. B. Lewis, and C. Stout, 200–226. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
  • Denevan, W. M. 1991. “Prehistoric Roads and Causeways of Lowland Tropical America.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 230–242. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Emerson, T. E. 1997. Cahokia and the Archaeology of Power. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
  • Emerson, T. E. 2018. “Creating Greater Cahokia: The Cultural Content and Context of the East St. Louis Precinct.” In Revealing Greater Cahokia, North America’s First Native City: Rediscovery and Large-Scale Excavations of the East St. Louis Precinct, edited by T. E. Emerson, B. H. Koldehoff, and T. K. Brennan, 25–58. Studies in Archaeology No. 12, Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute. Urbana: University of Illinois.
  • Emerson, T. E., and B. H. Koldehoff. 2018. “Introduction: Greater Cahokia and the New Mississippi River Bridge Project.” In Revealing Greater Cahokia, North America’s First Native City: Rediscovery and Large-Scale Excavations of the East St. Louis Precinct, edited by T. E. Emerson, B. H. Koldehoff, and T. K. Brennan, 1–24. Studies in Archaeology No. 12, Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute. Urbana: University of Illinois.
  • Emerson, T. E., and R. B. Lewis, eds. 1991. Cahokia and the Hinterlands: Middle Mississippian Cultures of the Midwest. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Enders, D. L. 1979. “Platting the City Beautiful: A Historical and Archaeological Glimpse of Nauvoo Streets.” Brigham Young University Studies 19 (3): 409–415.
  • Erickson, C. L. 2001. “Pre-Columbian Roads of the Amazon.” Expedition 43 (2): 21–30.
  • Erickson, C. L. 2009. “Agency, Causeways, Canals, and the Landscapes of Everyday Life in the Bolivian Amazon.” In Landscapes of Movement: Trails, Paths, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 204–231. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Erickson, C. L., and J. H. Walker. 2009. “Precolumbian Causeways and Canals as Landesque Capital.” In Landscapes of Movement: Trails, Paths, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 232–252. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Ferguson, T. J., G. L. Berlin, and L. J. Kuwanwisiwma. 2009. “Kukhepya: Searching for Hopi Trails.” In Landscapes of Movement: Trails, Paths, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 20–41. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Field, S., C. Heitman, and H. Richards-Rissetto. 2019. “A Least Cost Analysis: Correlative Modeling of the Chaco Regional Road System.” Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology 2 (1): 136–150.
  • Fortier, A. C. 1992. “Site Description and Local Environment.” In The Sponemann Site 2: The Mississippian and Oneota Occupations, edited by D. K. Jackson, A. C. Fortier, and J. A. Williams, 11–17. American Bottom Archaeology FAI-270 Site Reports Vol. 24. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Fowler, M. L. 1997. The Cahokia Atlas: A Historical Atlas of Cahokia Archaeology. Studies in Archaeology No. 2. Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program, Urbana: University of Illinois.
  • Freidel, D. A., and J. A. Sabloff, eds. 1984. Cozumel: Late Maya Settlement Patterns. New York: Academic Press.
  • Friedman, R. A., A. Sofaer, and R. S. Weiner. 2017. “Remote Sensing of Chaco Roads Revisited: Lidar Documentation of the Great North Road, Pueblo Alto Landscape, and Aztec Airport Mesa Road.” Advances in Archaeological Practice 5 (4): 365–381.
  • Garrido, F. 2016. “Rethinking Imperial Infrastructure: A Bottom-Up Perspective on the Inca Road.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 43: 94–109.
  • Gerhardt, J. J., T. Mancl, and E. LaVigne. 2012. Phase I Archaeological Testing: Regrade, Stabilize, and Pave Unpaved Section of Back Entrance Road, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Elverson, Pennsylvania. West Chester, PA: John Milner Associates, Inc.
  • Gibson, E. 2007. “The Archaeology of Movement in a Mediterranean Landscape.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 20 (1): 61–87.
  • Gibson, E. 2015. “Movement, Power and Place: The Biography of a Wagon Road in a Contested First Nations Landscape.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25 (2): 417–434.
  • Gorenflo, L. J., and T. L. Bell. 1991. “Network Analysis and the Study of Past Regional Organization.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 80–98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Grimm, R. E. 1944. “Mound Group Near Lebanon, Illinois.” Journal of the Illinois State Archaeological Society 3: 40–41.
  • Gums, B. L. 2009. Archaeological Investigations at Three Nineteenth-Century Sites Along the Kaskaskia Trail in Monroe County, Illinois. Transportation Archaeology Research Reports No. 82. Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program. Urbana: University of Illinois.
  • Hitchner, R. B. 2012. “Roads, Integration, Connectivity, and Economic Performance in the Roman Empire.” In Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World, edited by R. Talbert, J. Bodel, and S. Alcock, 222–234. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Hulbert, A. B. 1902. Paths of the Mound-Building Indians and Great Game Animals. Historic Highways of America, Volume 1. Cleveland, OH: Arthur H. Clark.
  • Hyslop, J. 1984. The Inka Road System. New York: Academic Press.
  • Hyslop, J. 1991. “Observations about Research on Prehistoric Roads in South America.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 28–33. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ingold, T. 1993. “The Temporality of the Landscape.” World Archaeology 25 (2): 152–174.
  • Julien, C. 2012. “The Chinchaysuyu Road and the Definition of an Inca Imperial Landscape.” In Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World, edited by S. E. Alcock, J. Bodel, and R. J. A. Talbert, 147–167. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Kantner, J. 1997. “Ancient Roads, Modern Mapping.” Expedition 39 (3): 49–63.
  • Kim, N. 2012. “Privatizing the Network: Private Contributions and Road Infrastructure in Late Imperial China (1500-1900).” In Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World, edited by S. E. Alcock, J. Bodel, and R. J. A. Talbert, 66–89. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Koldehoff, B. 1996. “Transportation Corridors and Cahokia’s Hinterlands.” Paper presented at the Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Lexington, Kentucky.
  • Koldehoff, B. 2014. “Transportation Corridors: Layers of Roads, Layers of History.” Illinois Heritage 17 (3): 10–14.
  • Koldehoff, B., and J. M. Galloy, eds. 2006. Late Woodland Frontiers: Patrick Phase Settlement along the Kaskaskia Trail, Monroe County, Illinois. Transportation Archaeological Research Reports No. 23. Urbana: Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program.
  • Koldehoff, B., T. R. Pauketat, and J. E. Kelly. 1993. “The Emerald Site and the Mississippian Occupation of the Central Silver Creek Valley.” Illinois Archaeology 5: 331–343.
  • Kristan-Graham, C. 2001. “A Sense of Place at Chichen Itza.” In Landscape and Power in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by R. Koontz, K. Reese-Taylor, and A. Headrick, 317–369. New York: Routledge.
  • Kruchten, J. D. 2012. Tracing Emerald Through a Natural Landscape. Manuscript on file, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
  • Lepper, B. T. 1995. “Tracking Ohio’s Great Hopewell Road.” Archaeology 48 (6): 52–56.
  • Lipo, C. P., and T. L. Hunt. 2005. “Mapping Prehistoric Statue Roads on Easter Island.” Antiquity 79: 158–168.
  • Loke, M. H., and R. D. Barker. 1996. “Rapid Least-Squares Inversion of Apparent Resistivity Pseudosections Using a Quasi-Newton Method.” Geophysical Prospecting 44: 131–152.
  • Maas, M., and D. Ruths. 2012. “Road Connectivity and the Structure of Ancient Empires: A Case Study from Late Antiquity.” In Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World, edited by R. Talbert, J. Bodel, and S. Alcock, 256–264. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Manson, J. L. 1998. “Transmississippi Trade and Travel: The Buffalo Plains and Beyond.” Plains Anthropologist 43 (166): 385–400.
  • Marshall, M. P. 1997. “The Chacoan Roads: A Cosmological Interpretation.” In Anasazi Architecture and American Design, edited by B. H. Morrow, and V. B. Price, 62–74. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Mazrim, R. 1998. Archaeology at Shiloh and Goshen: Glimpses of the Territorial Illinois Frontier. Technical Report No. 14. Athens, IL: Sangamo Research Services.
  • Mazrim, R. 2002. “Now Quite Out of Society”: Archaeology and Frontier Illinois. Transportation Archaeological Bulletins No. 1. Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program. Urbana: University of Illinois.
  • Meyer, A. H. 1954. “Circulation and Settlement Patterns of the Calumet Region of Northwest Indiana and Northeast Illinois (The First Stage of Occupance – the Pottawatomie and the Fur Trader, 1830).” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 44 (3): 245–274.
  • Meyer, D. K. 2000. Making the Heartland Quilt: A Geographical History of Settlement and Migration in Early-Nineteenth-Century Illinois. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Milner, G. R. 1998. The Cahokia Chiefdom: The Archaeology of a Mississippian Society. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Moorehead, W. K. 1929. The Cahokia Mounds, Vol. 4. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Myer, W. E. 1925. “Indian Trails of the Southeast.” In Forty-second Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 727–857. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
  • Nash, L. M., K. M. Hedman, and M. A. Fort. 2018. “The People of East St. Louis.” In Revealing Greater Cahokia, North America’s First Native City: Rediscovery and Large-Scale Excavations of the East St. Louis Precinct, edited by T. E. Emerson, B. H. Koldehoff, and T. K. Brennan, 219–262. Studies in Archaeology No. 12, Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute. Urbana: University of Illinois.
  • Nylan, M. 2012. “The Power of Highway Networks During China’s Classical Era (323 BCE-316 CE): Regulations, Metaphors, Rituals, and Deities.” In Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World, edited by R. Talbert, J. Bodel, and S. Alcock, 33–65. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Obenauf, M. S. 1991. “Photointerpretation of Chacoan Roads.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 34–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Oetelaar, G. A. 2012. “The Archaeological Imprint of Oral Traditions on the Landscape of Northern Plains Hunter-Gatherers.” In The Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology, edited by T. R. Pauketat, 30–51. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Palka, J. W. 2014. Maya Pilgrimage to Ritual Landscapes: Insights from Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Pauketat, T. R. 2003. “Resettled Farmers and the Making of a Mississippian Polity.” American Antiquity 68: 39–66.
  • Pauketat, T. R. 2004. Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pauketat, T. R. 2013. An Archaeology of the Cosmos: Rethinking Agency and Religion in Ancient America. London: Routledge.
  • Pauketat, T. R., and S. M. Alt. 2016. “Religious Innovation at the Emerald Acropolis: Something New Under the Moon.” In Religion and Innovations: Antagonists or Partners, edited by D. Yerxa, 43–55. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Pauketat, T. R., S. M. Alt, and J. D. Kruchten. 2017. “The Emerald Acropolis: Elevating the Moon and Water in the Rise of Cahokia.” Antiquity 91: 207–222.
  • Pauketat, T. R., R. F. Boszhardt, and D. M. Benden. 2015. “Trempealeau Entanglements: An Ancient Colony’s Causes and Effects.” American Antiquity 80 (2): 260–289.
  • Pauketat, T. R., and T. E. Emerson, eds. 1997. Cahokia: Domination and Ideology in the Mississippian World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Pauketat, T. R., T. E. Emerson, M. Farkas, and S. E. Baries. 2015. “An American Indian City.” In Medieval Mississippians: The Cahokian World, edited by T. R. Pauketat, and S. M. Alt, 21–33. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press.
  • Pauketat, T. R., and N. H. Lopinot. 1997. “Cahokia Population Dynamics.” In Cahokia: Domination and Ideology in thee Mississippian World, edited by T. R. Pauketat, and T. E. Emerson, 103–123. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Porter, J. W. 1974. “Cahokia Archaeology as Viewed from the Mitchell Site: A Satellite Community at AD 1150-1200.” (Ph.D. diss.). University of Wisconsin, Madison. ProQuest (AAT 7502475).
  • Reynolds, J. 1879. Reynolds’ History of Illinois: Embracing also the History of My Life. Chicago: Chicago Historical Society.
  • Romain, W. R. 2017. “Monks Mound as an Axis Mundi for the Cahokian World.” Illinois Archaeology 29: 27–52.
  • Sampeck, K., J. Thayn, and H. H. Earnest. 2015. “Geographic Information System Modeling of De Soto’s Route from Joara to Chiaha: Archaeology and Anthropology of Southeastern Road Networks in the Sixteenth Century.” American Antiquity 80 (1): 46–66.
  • Schwarz, K. R. 2016. “The Great Hopewell Road: New Data, Analysis, and Future Research Prospects.” Journal of Ohio Archaeology 4: 12–38.
  • Sever, T. L., and D. W. Wagner. 1991. “Analysis of Prehistoric Roadways in Chaco Canyon Using Remotely Sensed Digital Data.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 42–52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shaw, J. M. 2008. White Roads of the Yucatan: Changing Social Landscapes of the Yucatec Maya. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  • Sheets, P., eds. 2009. “When the Construction of Meaning Preceded the Meaning of Construction: From Footpaths to Monumental Entrances in Ancient Costa Rica.” In Landscapes of Movement: Trails, Paths, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 158–179. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Sheets, P., and T. L. Sever. 1991. “Prehistoric Footpaths in Costa Rica: Transportation and Communication in a Tropical Rainforest.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 53–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Skousen, B. J. 2015. “Moonbeams, Water, and Smoke: Tracing Otherworldly Relationships at the Emerald Site.” In Tracing the Relational: The Archaeology of Worlds, Spirits, and Temporalities, edited by M. E. Buchanan, and B. J. Skousen, 38–53. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  • Skousen, B. J. 2016. “Pilgrimage and the Construction of Cahokia: A View from the Emerald Site.” (Ph.D. diss.). University of Illinois, Urbana. ProQuest (AAT 10609930).
  • Skousen, B. J. 2018a. “Rethinking Archaeologies of Pilgrimage.” Journal of Social Archaeology 18 (3): 261–283.
  • Skousen, B. J., ed. 2018b. Early Mississippian Settlement Along the Kaskaskia Trail: The Dugan Airfield and Booster Station Sites. Technical Report No. 96, Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute. Urbana: University of Illinois.
  • Skousen, B. J., and A. L. Huber. 2018. “The Moorehead Phase Occupation at the Emerald Acropolis.” Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 43 (3): 214–256.
  • Slater, P. A., K. M. Hedman, and T. E. Emerson. 2014. “Immigrants at the Mississippian Polity of Cahokia: Strontium Isotope Evidence for Population Movement.” Journal of Archaeological Science 44: 117–127.
  • Snead, J. E. 2002. “Ancestral Pueblo Trails and the Cultural Landscape of the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico.” Antiquity 76: 756–765.
  • Snead, J. E. 2008. Ancestral Landscapes of the Pueblo World. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  • Snead, J. E. 2009. “Trails of Tradition: Movement, Meaning, and Place.” In Landscapes of Movement: Paths, Trails, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 42–60. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Snead, J. E. 2011. “The “Secret and Bloody War-Path”: Movement, Place, and Conflict in the Archaeological Landscape of North America.” World Archaeology 43 (3): 478–492.
  • Snead, J. E. 2012. “Obliterated Itineraries: Pueblo Trails, Chaco Roads, and Archaeological Knowledge.” In Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World, edited by R. Talbert, J. Bodel, and S. Alcock, 106–127. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Snead, J. E. 2017. “Introduction: “Forgotten Maps” and the Archaeology of Chaco Roads.” Kiva 83 (1): 1–5.
  • Snead, J. E., C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling. 2009a. Landscapes of Movement: Trails, Paths, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Snead, J. E., C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling. 2009b. “Making Human Space: The Archaeology of Trails, Paths, and Roads.” In Landscapes of Movement: Paths, Trails, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 1–19. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Snyder, J. F. 1894. “An Illinois ‘Teocalli.’.” The Archaeologist 2: 259–264.
  • Snyder, J. F. 1962. “Certain Indian Mounds Technically Considered.” In John Francis Snyder: Selected Writings, edited by C. C. Walton, 230–273. Springfield: The Illinois Historical Society.
  • Sofaer, A., M. Marshall, and R. Sinclair. 1989. “The Great North Road: A Cosmographic Expression of the Chaco Culture of New Mexico.” In World Archaeoastronomy, edited by A. Aveni, 365–376. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stearns, R. G. 1997. “Geology, Width, and Wear of the Chickasaw Path of the Old Natchez Trace at Meriwether Lewis Monument, Lewis County, Tennessee.” Journal of Tennessee Academy of Science 72 (3-4): 65–72.
  • Stoltman, J. B., ed. 1991. New Perspectives on Cahokia: Views from the Periphery. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 2. Madison, WI: Prehistory Press.
  • Stopford, J. 1994. “Some Approaches to the Archaeology of Christian Pilgrimage.” World Archaeology 26 (1): 57–72.
  • Stuiver, M., and P. J. Reimer. 1993. “Extended 14C Data Base and Revised CALIB 3.0 14C Age Calibration Program.” Radiocarbon 35: 215–230.
  • Tanner, H. H. 1989. “The Land and Water Communication Systems of the Southeastern Indians.” In Powhatan’s Mantle: Indians in the Colonial Southeast, edited by G. V. Waselkov, P. H. Wood, and T. Hatley, 27–42. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Taylor, C. 1979. Roads and Tracks of Britain. London: J. M. Dent & Sons.
  • Tilley, C. 1994. A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments. Oxford: Berg.
  • Titterington, P. F. 1938. The Cahokia Mound Group and Its Village Site Materials. . St. Louis: Privately Printed.
  • Trombold, C. D., ed. 1991a. Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Trombold, C. D. 1991b. “An Introduction to the Study of Ancient New World Road Networks.” In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. D. Trombold, 1–9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ur, J. 2003. “CORONA Satellite Photography and Ancient Road Networks: A Northern Mesopotamian Case Study.” Antiquity 77 (295): 102–115.
  • Ur, J. 2009. “Emergent Landscapes of Movement in Early Bronze Age Northern Mesopotamia.” In Landscapes of Movement: Paths, Trails, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 180–203. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Van Vlack, K. 2012. “Southern Paiute Pilgrimage and Relationship Formation.” Ethnology 51 (1/2): 129–140.
  • Vaporis, C. N. 2012. “Linking the Realm: The Gokaido Highway Network in Early Modern Japan (1603-1868).” In Highways, Byways, and Road Systems in the Pre-Modern World, edited by S. E. Alcock, J. Bodel, and R. J. A. Talbert, 90–105. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Vermeulen, F., and M. Antrop. 2001. Ancient Lines in the Landscape: A Geo-Archaeological Study of Protohistoric and Roman Roads and Field Systems in Northwestern Gaul. Leuven: Peeters.
  • Vivian, R. G. 1997. “Chacoan Roads: Morphology.” Kiva 63 (1): 7–34.
  • Wagner, M. J., and M. R. McCorvie. 1992. “Pioneer Transportation Routes.” In The Archaeology of the Old Landmark: Nineteenth-Century Taverns along the St. Louis-Vincennes Trace in Southern Illinois, edited by M. J. Wagner, and M. R. McCorvie, 23–62. Kampsville, IL: Center for American Archaeology.
  • Walthall, J. A., and E. D. Benchley. 1987. The River L’Abbe Mission: A French Colonial Church for the Cahokia Illini on Monks Mound. Studies in Illinois Archaeology, Number 2. Springfield: Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.
  • Whitridge, P. 2013. “The Imbrication of Human and Animal Paths: An Arctic Case Study.” In Relational Archaeologies: Humans, Animals, Things, edited by C. Watts, 228–224. London: Routledge.
  • Wilkinson, D. 2019. “Infrastructure and Inequality: An Archaeology of the Inka Road Through the Amaybamba Cloud Forests.” Journal of Social Archaeology 19 (1): 27–46.
  • Wilson, G. D., C. M. Delaney, and P. G. Millhouse. 2017. “The Mississippianization of the Illinois and Apple River Valleys.” In Mississippian Beginnings, edited by G. D. Wilson, 97–129. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
  • Winters, H. D., and S. Struever. 1962. “The Emerald Mound Group and Village.” The Living Museum 23: 86–87.
  • Woods, W. I., and G. R. Holley. 1991. “Upland Mississippian Settlement in the American Bottom Region.” In Cahokia and the Hinterlands: Middle Mississippian Cultures of the Midwest, edited by T. E. Emerson, and R. B. Lewis, 46–60. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Wright, D., G. van der Kolk and Dauareb community. 2019. “Ritual Pathways and Public Memory: Archaeology of Waiet Zogo in Eastern Torres Strait, Far North Australia.” Journal of Social Archaeology 19 (1): 116–138.
  • Zedeño, M. N., K. Hollenback, and C. Grinnell. 2009. “From Path to Myth: Journeys and the Naturalization of Territorial Identity along the Missouri River.” In Landscapes of Movement: Paths, Trails, and Roads in Anthropological Perspective, edited by J. E. Snead, C. L. Erickson, and J. A. Darling, 106–132. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
  • Zedeño, M. N., and R. W. Stoffle. 2003. “Tracking the Role of Pathways in the Evolution of a Human Landscape.” In Colonization of Unfamiliar Landscapes: The Archaeology of Adaptation, edited by M. Rockman, and J. Steele, 59–80. London: Routledge.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.