NOTES
- Edwin D. Mead, “Edward Everett Hale,” The New England. Magazine, July 1909, 525.
- The magazine continued until 1917.
- Peter J. Frederick, Knights of the Golden Rule, (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1976), 6.
- Edwin D. Mead to Henry Demarest Lloyd, 2 November 1889, Henry Demarest Lloyd Collection, Wisconsin Historical Society (WHS), Madison. “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, August 1891, 813; and December 1897, 511–516.
- Edwin D. Mead to Henry Demarest Lloyd, 2 November 1889, Henry Demarest Lloyd Collection, WHS.
- Edward Everett Hale, Jr. The Life and Letters of Edward Everett Hale, vol. 2 (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1917), 124.
- Henry May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949), 213.
- Hale wrote largely on reform, history, and literature. Some representative reform articles are “Congestion of Cities,” The Forum, January 1888, 527–35; “Shall the State Own the Railroads?” Independent, 28 August 1890, 1181–1182. He also was a noted short story writer. His two best known works were “My Double and How He Undid Me,” published in 1859 and “The Man Without a Country” published in 1863.
- Hale, The Life and Letters of Edward Everett Hale, 2:127.
- Mead and his wife, Lucia, are best remembered for their world peace work. Their papers and diaries on world peace are in the Peace Collection, Swarthmore College. Also see: Frederick Lynch, “The Leaders of the New Peace Movement in America,” The Independent, 22 April 1910, 629–638.
- Oran E. Randall, History of Chesterfield (Brattleboro, Vt.: D. Leonard, 1882), 383–388.
- Arthur Mann, Yankee Reformers in the Urban Age, (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1954), 159–163.
- Little biographical material exists on Mead. For a brief account of his work, see Mann, Yankee Reformers In The Urban Age, 159–163. Mead wrote a brief biographical sketch of himself, “Boston Memories of Fifty Years,” in Fifty Years of Boston: A Memorial Volume, ed. Elisabeth M. Herlihy (Boston: Boston Tercentenary Committee, 1932), 8–40. Much insight on Mead's character and beliefs can be gained from his correspondence, particularly with Henry Demarest Lloyd. Mead and Lloyd corresponded frequently and visited one another. Many of Mead's letters to Lloyd are available in the Henry Demarest Lloyd Collection (WHS).
- Lucia T. Ames, “Saints And Sinners,” Lend A Hand, September 1893, 213–216; “City Homes for the Poor,” Lend a Hand, March 1894, 163–170.
- For more on the Twentieth Century Club's activities, see The Twentieth Century Club of Boston, 1894–1904 (Boston: Twentieth Century Club, 1904), A Survey of Twenty Years: 1894–1914 (Boston: Twentieth Century Club, 1914), Tenement House Commission Records, and schedule “Free Lectures For The People, 1889,” all from the Twentieth Century Club Manuscript Collection, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
- Numerous articles and editorials throughout the magazine told readers through implicit or explicit means that social and industrial reform would alleviate social unrest. For an explicit editorial on lawlessness, including the lawlessness, on occasion, of police, see “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, October 1897, 252–255.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, November 1897, 336. Jack Tager, “Introduction,” in Massachusetts in the Gilded Age, ed. Jack Tager and John W. Ifkovic, (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1985), 193; Paul Boyer, Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820–1920 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), 162–174.
- Barbara M. Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants: A Changing New England Tradition (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), 99–102; Aaron I. Abel, The Urban Impact on American Protestantism, 1865–1900 (Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1962), 4.
- Ida Tarbell, All In The Day's Work, (New York: Macmillan, 1939), 82.
- See, for example, “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, January 1892, 770; November 1894, 380; February 1895, 799.
- For more on such publications, see: Robert H. Bremner, From the Depths: The Discovery of Poverty in the United States (New York: New York University Press, 1956), particularly 20–60.
- Joseph E. Chamberlin, The Boston Transcript: A History of its First Hundred Years (New York: Johnson Reprints, 1969), 265–266. After the turn of the century the newspaper changed its editorial direction and became staunchly anti-labor. The evidence of this is particularly noticeable from its coverage of the 1912 Lawrence, Massachusetts, strikes.
- Louis M. Lyons, Newspaper Story: One Hundred Years of The Boston Globe (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1971), 53; Herbert A. Kenny, Newspaper Row (Chester, Conn.: The Globe Pequot Press, 1987), 53.
- In 1899 The New England Magazine's circulation was 20,500. The Forum's circulation was 45,000. The Arena never provided circulation figures. N. W. Ayer and Sons Newspaper Annual and Directory (Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer, 1899), 345, 574.
- May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, 228.
- Benjamin O. Flower, “An Earnest Word To Young Men and Women Of America,” The Arena, November 1900, 541.
- Mary M. Cronin, “Justice, Progress, and a Preserved Republic: Benjamin Orange Flower and The Arena,” unpublished paper presented to the annual convention of the American Journalism Historians Society, Boston, October 1994; Flower to Hamlin Garland, 3 May 1890, Hamlin Garland Collection, University of Southern California.
- May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, 163.
- “Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, June 1892, 543.
- Benjamin O. Flower, Progressive Men, Women, And Movements of the Past Twenty Five Years (Boston: The New Arena, 1914), 159.
- Frederick, Knights of the Golden Rule, 3.
- May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, 167; Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought (Boston: Beacon Press, 1955), 5–6, 12, 40–41; Bremner, From The Depths, 1–35.
- William M. Salter, “The Problem Of The Unemployed,” The New England Magazine, March 1891, 109–110.
- Ibid., 109–110.
- J. Whidden Graham, “Just Taxation,” The New England Magazine, August 1892, 706–708.
- May, Protestant Churches and Industrial America, 231.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, February 1892, 770. See also: Joseph Lee, “Liberty Through Legislation,” The New England Magazine, June 1899, 434–435.
- Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, 106.
- Ibid., 110.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, June 1891, 539.
- Ibid., March 1891, 133.
- Ibid., February 1895, 800.
- Ibid., November 1897, 385.
- Clarence E. Blake, “Abandoned Farms As Homes For The Unemployed And City's Poor,” The New England Magazine, August 1901, 580.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, December 1900, 476. Also see “The Editor's Table,” April 1898, 257–262 and November 1897, 382–387; A. D. Mayo, “How Shall the Colored Youth of the South Be Educated?” The New England Magazine, October 1897, 213–216.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, November 1897, 386; Salter, “The Problem Of The Unemployed,” 108–109.
- Mead to Henry Demarest Lloyd, 22 March 1888, Henry Demarest Lloyd Collection, WHS.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, November 1894, 380, and April 1896, 256.
- Ibid., February 1895, 789.
- Ibid., April 1896, 254.
- Ibid., April 1896, 256.
- Ibid., August 1891, 813.
- Ibid., December 1897, 511.
- Ibid., November 1897, 386.
- William Clarke, “The French Working-Classes,” The New England Magazine, December 1889, 441–443; Max Bennett Thrasher, “A Month In An English Poorhouse,” The New England Magazine, June 1896, 452–460; Charles Welsh, “Workmen's Homes And Workmen's Trains,” The New England Magazine, August 1899, 764–766.
- William I. Cole, “The Children's Institutions Of Boston,” The New England Magazine, November 1897,327-332; Charles Loring Brace, “What the Cities Are Doing for the Children of the Poor,” The New England Magazine, September 1901, 64. See also Florence Kelley, “Hull House,” The New England Magazine, July 1898, 550–566; William I. Cole, “Boston's Pauper Institutions,” The New England Magazine, April
- 1898, 233–256.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, February 1892, 769.
- “The Editor's Table,” The New England Magazine, February 1892, 769.