REFERENCES
- Ballantyne, R. (2004). Young students’ conceptions of the marine environment and their role in the development of aquaria exhibits. GeoJournal, 60, 159–163.
- Beiswenger, R., Sturges, E.L., & Jones, R. (1991). Water education in Wyoming: Assessing educators’ knowledge of water topics and their use in the elementary curriculum. The Journal of Environmental Education, 23, 24–29.
- Bond, T.G., & Fox, C.M. (2007). Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Boone, J.W., & Scantlebury, K. (2006). The role of Rasch Analysis when conducting science education research utilizing multiple-choice tests. Science Education, 90, 253–269.
- Boone, W.J., Townsend, J.S., & Staver, J. (2011). Using Rasch Theory to guide the practice of Survey Development and Survey Data Analysis in science education and to inform science reform efforts: An exemplar utilizing STEBI Self-efficacy data. Science Education, 95, 258–280.
- Boubonari, T., Markos, A., & Kevrekidis, T. (2013). Greek pre-service teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and environmental behavior toward marine pollution. The Journal of Environmental Education, 44, 232–251.
- Boyes, E., & Stanistreet, M. (1997). The environmental impact of cars: Children's ideas and reasoning. Environmental Education Research, 3, 269–282.
- Bradley, J.C., Waliczek, T.M., & Zajicek, J.M. (1999). Relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental attitude of high school students. Journal of Environmental Education, 30 (3), 17–21.
- Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216.
- Brody, M. (1996). An assessment of 4th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade students' environmental science knowledge related to Oregon's marine resources. Journal of Environmental Education, 27 (3), 21–27.
- Brothers, C., Fortner, R., & Mayer, V. (1991). The impact of television news on public environmental knowledge. Journal of Environmental Education, 22, 22–29.
- Çakır, M., Irez, S., & Kıvılcan, D.Ö. (2010). Understandings of current environmental issues: Turkish case study in six teacher education colleges. Educational Studies, 36, 21–33.
- Cava, F., Schoedinger, S., Strang, C., & Tuddenham, P. (2005). Science content and standards for ocean literacy: A report on ocean literacy. Retrieved from http://coexploration.org/oceanliteracy/documents/OLit200405_Final_Report.pdf
- Chan, K. (1999). Mass media and environmental knowledge of secondary school students in Hong Kong. The Environmentalist, 19, 85–97.
- Charlier, P.S., & Charlier, R.H. (1971). A case for oceanography at the inland school. Science Education, 55, 15–20.
- Cudaback, C. (2006). What do college students know about the ocean? Eos, 87, 418–421.
- Cummins, S., & Snivelly, G. (2000). The effect of instruction on children's knowledge of marine ecology, attitudes toward the ocean, and stances toward marine resource issues. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 5, 305–324.
- Daut, N. (2009, April 23–25). Implementation of EU environmental policy: Role of domestic mobilization of social actors in southern member state: Greece as a case study. Proceedings of the EUSA 11th Biennial International Conference. Marriot Marina, Del Rey, Los Angeles, CA.
- Dresser, H.H., & Butzow, J.W. (1981). The effects of selected variables on the implementation of a marine education infusion curriculum. School Science & Mathematics, 81, 480–486.
- Esa, N. (2010). Environmental knowledge, attitude and practices of student teachers. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 1, 39–50.
- Falk, J.H., & Adelman, L.M. (2003). Investigating the impact of prior knowledge and interest on aquarium visitor learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40, 163–176.
- Falk, J.H., Reinhard, E.M., Vernon, C.L., Bronnenkant, K., Deans, N.L., & Heimlich, J.E. (2007). Why zoos & aquariums matter: Assessing the impact of a visit. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos & Aquariums.
- Fien, J. (1995). Teaching for a sustainable world: The environmental and development education project for teacher education. Environmental Education Research, 1, 21–33.
- Fortner, R.W. (1985). Relative effectiveness of classroom and documentary film presentations on marine mammals. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 21, 115–126.
- Fortner, R.W., & Corney, J.R. (2002). Great Lakes educational needs assessment: Teachers' priorities for topics, materials, and training. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 28, 3–14.
- Fortner, R.W., & Lyon, A.E. (1985). Effects of Cousteau Television Special on viewer knowledge and attitudes. The Journal of Environmental Education, 16, 12–20.
- Fortner, R.W., & Mayer, V.J. (1989). Marine and aquatic education – A challenge for science educators. Science Education, 73, 135–154.
- Fortner, R., & Wildman, T.M. (1980). Marine education: Progress and promise. Science Education, 64, 717–723.
- Good, J. (2006). Internet use and environmental attitudes: A social capital approach. The Environmental Communication Yearbook, 3, 211–233.
- Goodwin, H.L., & Schaadt, J.G. (1978). A statement on the need for marine and aquatic education to inform Americans about the world of water. Newark, DE: Delaware Sea Grant College Program, University of Delaware (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED156541).
- Greely, T. (2008). Ocean literacy and reasoning about ocean issues: The influence of content, experience and morality (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
- Grossman, P.L. (1995). Teachers’ knowledge. In L.W. Anderson (Ed.) International encyclopedia of teaching and teacher education. New York, NY: Pergamon.
- Haklay, M. (2002). Public environmental information - Understanding requirements and patterns of likely public use. Area, 34, 17–28.
- Holbert, R.L., Kwak, N., & Shah, D.V. (2003). Environmental concern, patterns of television viewing, and pro-environmental behaviors: Integrating models of media consumption and effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47, 177–196.
- Hsu, S-J., & Roth, R.E. (1998). An assessment of environmental literacy and analysis of predictors of responsible environmental behaviour held by secondary teachers in the Hualien area of Taiwan. Environmental Education Research, 4, 229–249.
- Jenkins, K. (1999/2000). Listening to secondary pre-service teachers: Implications for teacher education. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 15/16, 45–56.
- Kim, J.M., Snively, G., & Kool, R. (2007). Korean elementary school teachers’ perceptions of aquarium field trips and cases of aquarium education in the USA and Canada. Proceedings of the International Symposium: Establishing the Guidelines for Environmental Education Focusing on Environmental Ethics. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- La Trobe, H.L., & Acott, T.G. (2000). A modified NEP/DSP environmental attitudes scale. The Journal of Environmental Education, 32, 12–20.
- Lee, K. (2011). The role of media exposure, social exposure and biospheric value orientation in the environmental attitude-intention-behavior model in adolescents. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31, 301–308.
- Linacre, J.M. (2011). Winsteps Rasch measurement computer program, v.3.71. Chicago, Il: Winsteps.com.
- Linsky, R.B. (1971). Oceans and children: The marine sciences and ecological understanding. Childhood Education, 47, 191–194.
- Loan, F. A. (2009). Impact of new technology on reading habits: A glimpse on world literature. In: Role of school libraries in quality education. Proceeding of national seminar held at India, New Delhi: National Council of Education Research and Training, pp. 212217. Retrieved from: http://eprints.rclis.org/20084/1/NCERT.pdf
- Madrazo, G.M. Jr., & Hounshell, P.B. (1980). Marine education in a land-based curriculum. School Science & Mathematics, 80, 363–370.
- McFadden, D.L. (1973). Teaching in the tidepools. West coast children study the marine sciences at first hand. Oceans, 6, 44–49.
- Muda, A., Nazifah Shaik, I., Turiman, S., & Noriati, A.R. (2011). Analysis of cognitive and affective component of environmental literacy of pre-service teachers from Institute of teacher education in Malaysia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14, 114–118.
- Nathanson, S., Pruslow, J., & Levitt, R. (2008). The reading habits and literacy attitudes of inservice and prospective teachers. Results of a questionnaire survey. Journal of Teacher Education, 59(4), 313–321.
- National Marine Educators Association. (2010). Ocean literacy scope and sequence for grades K-12, published in the national marine educators association, U.S.A. Special Report #3 on The Ocean Literacy Campaign Featuring the Ocean Literacy Scope & Sequence for Grades K-12. Retrieved from http://www.oceanliteracy.net
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2013). Ocean Literacy: The Essential Principles and Fundamental Concepts of Ocean Sciences for Learners of All Ages Version 2, a brochure resulting from the 2-week On-Line Workshop on Ocean Literacy through Science Standards; published by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.; Published June 2005, revised March 2013.
- Nistor, L. (2010). The role of the Internet in shaping environmental concern. A focus on post-communist Europe. Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, 1, 145–167.
- Ogunyemi, B., & Ifegbesan, A. (2011). Environmental literacy among preservice social studies teachers: A review of the Nigerian experience. Applied Environmental Education and Communication, 10, 7–19.
- Ozsoy, S., Ozsoy, G., & Kuruyer, H.G. (2011). Turkish pre-service primary school teachers' environmental attitudes: Effects of gender and grade level. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 12, 21.
- Oztas, F., & Kalipci, E. (2009). Teacher candidates' perception level of environmental pollutant and their risk factors. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 4, 185–195.
- Payne, D.L., & Zimmerman, T.D. (2010). Beyond terra firma: Bringing ocean and aquatic sciences to environmental and science teacher education. In A.M. Bodzin, B. Shiner Klein, & S. Weaver (Eds.), The inclusion of environmental education in science teacher education (pp. 81–94). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.
- Pedagogical Institute. (2003). A cross thematic curriculum framework for compulsory education. Diathematikon programma. a) General Part b) The Ten Highlights of the Cross - Thematic Curriculum. Retrieved from http://www.pi-schools.gr/programs/depps/index_eng.php
- Pe’er, S., Goldman, D., & Yavetz, B. (2007). Environmental literacy in teacher training: Attitudes, knowledge, and environmental behavior of beginning students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 39, 45–59.
- Picker, L. (1980). What is marine education? Science and Children, 18, 10–11.
- Picker, L., Millman, L., & Aspinwall, K. (1984). A conceptual scheme for aquatic studies: Framework for aquatic curriculum development. The Environmentalist, 4, 59–63.
- Rakow, S.J. (1983/1984). Development of a conceptual structure for aquatic education and its application to existing aquatic curricula and needed curriculum development. The Journal of Environmental Education, 15, 12–16.
- Rosenbaum, J.E., Beentjes, J.W. J., & Konig, R.P. (2008). Mapping media literacy: Key concepts and future directions. Communication Yearbook, 32, 313–353.
- Said A.M., Ahmadun, F.R., Paim, L.H., & Masud, J. (2003). Environmental concerns, knowledge and practices gap among Malaysian teachers. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 4, 305–313.
- Schoedinger, S., Tran, L.U., & Whitley, L. (2010). From the principles to the scope and sequence: A brief history of the ocean literacy campaign. NMEA Special Report, 3, 3–7.
- Schweitzer, J.P. (1973). Marine science education in America: Its status in precollege programs. The Science Teacher, 40, 24–26.
- Shanahan, J., Morgan, M., & Stenbjerre, M. (1997). Green or brown? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 41, 305–323.
- Smith, E.V. Jr. (2001). Evidence for the reliability of measures and validity of measure interpretation: A Rasch measurement perspective. Journal of Applied Measurement, 2, 281–311.
- Strang, C. (2008). Education for ocean literacy and sustainability: Learning from elders, listening to youth. Current: The Journal of Environmental Education, 24, 6–10.
- Strang, C., DeCharon A., & Schoedinger, S. (2007). Can you be science literate without being ocean literate? Current: The Journal of Marine Education, 23, 7–9.
- Strong, C. (1998). The impact of environmental education on children's knowledge and awareness of environmental concerns. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 16, 349–355.
- Summers, M., Kruger, C., & Childs, A. (2000). Primary school teachers' understanding of environmental issues: An interview study. Environmental Education Research, 6, 293–312.
- Tal, R.T. (2004). Using a field trip to a wetland as a guide for conceptual understanding in environmental education – A case study of pre-service teacher's research. Chemistry Education: Research and Practice, 5, 127–142.
- Tandon, S. (2007). The future of print news media: Adapting to Change. Journal of Global Media Studies, 2, 37–42.
- Taylor, N., Doff, T., Jenkins, K., & Kennelly, J. (2007). Environmental knowledge and attitudes among a cohort of pre-service primary school teachers in Fiji. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 16, 367–379.
- Tilbury, D. (1992). Environmental education within pre-service teacher education: The priority of priorities. Environmental Education & Information, 11, 267–280.
- Tran, L.U., Payne, D.L., & Whitley, L. (2010). Research on learning and teaching ocean and aquatic sciences. NMEA Special Report, 3, 22–26.
- Tuncer, G., Tekkaya, C., Sungur, S., & Cakiroglu, J. (2009). Assessing pre-service teachers' environmental literacy in Turkey as a mean to develop teacher education programs. International Journal of Educational Development, 29, 426–436.
- Tuncer Teksoz, G., Boone, J.W., Yilmaz Tuzun, O., & Oztekin, C. (2014). An evaluation of the environmental literacy of preservice teachers in Turkey through Rasch analysis. Environmental Education Research, 20, 202–227.
- Walters, H. (2006). Constructing scientific understanding at aquariums, zoos, and nature centers. The Current: Journal of Marine Education, 22, 23–30.
- Watson, K., & Halse, C.M. (2005). Environmental attitudes of pre-service teachers: A conceptual and methodological dilemma in cross-cultural data collection. Asia Pacific Education Review, 6, 59–71.
- World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Wright, B.D., Linacre, J.M., Gustafson, J.-E., & Martin-Löf, P. (1994). Reasonable mean-square fit values. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 8(3), 370. Retrieved from http://www.rasch.org/rmt/rmt83b.htm
- Yavetz, B., Goldman, D., & Pe’er, S. (2009). Environmental literacy of pre-service teachers in Israel: A comparison between students at the onset and end of their studies. Environmental Education Research, 15, 393–415.