4,944
Views
572
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Sources and toxicity of hexavalent chromium

, &
Pages 1782-1806 | Received 17 Feb 2011, Accepted 24 Mar 2011, Published online: 19 May 2011

References

  • (a) B. Saha, C. Orvig. Coord. Chem. Rev., 254, 2959 (2010); (b) R. Bartlett, B. James. In Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments, J.O. Nriagu, E. Niebor (Eds), pp. 267–304, Wiley, New York (1988).
  • J.A. Jacobs, S.M. Testa. In Chromium(VI) Handbook, J. Guertin, J.A. Jacobs, C.P. Avakian (Eds.), CRC Press, New York, p. 1 (2004).
  • (a) B. Bartlett, B. James. J. Environ. Qual., 8, 31 (1979); (b) J.M. Morrison, M.B. Goldhaber, L. Lee, J.M. Holloway, R.B. Wanty, R.E. Wolf, J.F. Ranville. Appl. Geochem., 24, 1500 (2009).
  • Murray , KJ , Mozafarzadeh , ML and Tebo , BM . 2005 . Geomicrobiol. J. , 22 : 151
  • Tarrah , DH , Martin , GS , Chet , A , Simion , V and Weber , JV . 2004 . Chromium(VI) Handbook , 94 – 116 . New York : CRC Press .
  • Pas , M , Milacic , R , Draslar , K , Pollak , N and Raspor , P . 2004 . Biometals , 17 : 25
  • Sun , P , Liu , Z-T and Liu , Z-W . 2009 . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 48 : 6882
  • (a) V. Gomez, M.P. Callao. Trends Anal. Chem., 25, 1006 (2006); (b) L. de Oliveira, A.M. Antunes, M.I.M.S. Bueno. X-ray Spectrom., 39, 279 (2010); (c) E.O. Jorge, M.M. Rocha, I.T.E. Fonseca, M.M.M. Neto. Talanta, 81, 556 (2010); (d) A. Bobrowski, A. Królicka, J. Zarębski. Electroanalysis, 21, 1449 (2009); (e) C.Y. Kuo, S.J. Jiang, A.C. Sahayam. J. Anal. At Spectrom., 22, 636 (2007).
  • (a) A. Baral, R.D. Engelken. Environ. Sci. Policy, 5, 121 (2002); (b) B.R. Babu, S.U. Bhanu, K.S. Meera. J. Environ. Sci., Health Part C, 27, 155 (2009).
  • Das , AK . 2004 . Coord. Chem. Rev. , 248 : 81
  • Medeiros , MG , Rodrigues , AS , Batoreu , MC , Laires , A , Rueff , J and Zhitkovich , A . 2003 . Mutagenesis , 18 : 19
  • J.E. McLean, B.E. Bledsoe. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/540/S-92/018:1-20 (1992).
  • C.D. Palmer, R.W. Puls. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/540/S-94/505 (1994).
  • (a) R.M. Powell, S.K. Puls, S.K. Hightower, D.A. Sabatini. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1913 (1995); (b) J. Kotas, Z. Stasicka. Environ. Pollut., 107, 263 (2000); (c) R.T. Wilkin, C. Su, R.G. Ford, C.J. Paul. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4599 (2005); (d) B.A. Manning, J.R. Kiser, H. Kwon, S.R. Kanel. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 586 (2007).
  • R.A. Griffin, N.F. Shimp, EPA-6000/2-78-157 (1978).
  • (a) M. Cieglak-Golonka. Coord. Chem. Rev., 109, 223 (1991), and references therein; (b) S.K. Das, A.K. Guha. Colloids Surf., B, 60, 46 (2007).
  • (a) S.I. Shupack. Environ. Health Perspect., 92, 7 (1991); (b) T.L. Daulton, B.J. Little. Ultramicroscopy, 106, 561 (2006).
  • (a) M. Cieglak-Golonka. Polyhedron, 15, 3668 (1996) and references therein; (b) A. Zhitkovich. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18, 3 (2005); (c) K. Salnikow, A. Zhitkovich. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 28 (2008).
  • Firouzabadi , H , Vessal , B and Naderi , M . 1982 . Tetrahedron Lett. , 23 : 1847
  • Firouzabadi , H and Saradarian , AR . 1986 . Synthesis , 11 : 946
  • Firouzabadi , H , Saradarian , AR and Gharibi , H . 1984 . Synth. Commun. , 14 : 89
  • Firouzabadi , H , Naderi , M , Saradarian , AR and Vessal , B . 1983 . Synth. Commun. , 13 : 611
  • Karlin , KD . 1993 . Science , 261 : 701
  • Szyba , K , Cieglak-Golonka , M , Gasiorowski , K and Urban , J . 1992 . Biometals , 5 : 157
  • Nityanandi , D and Subbhuraam , CV . 2009 . J. Hazard. Mater. , 170 : 876
  • Gad , SC , Powers , WJ , Dunn , BJ , Hoffman , GM , Siino , KM and Walsh , RD . 1986 . Proceedings of the Chromium Symposium, An Update , Edited by: Serrone , DM . 43 – 58 . Pittsburgh , PA : Industrial Health Foundation, Inc. .
  • (a) K.P. Lee, C.E. Ulrich, R.G. Geil, H.J. Trochimowicz. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 10, 125 (1988); (b) F.F. Hahn. Lung Carcinogenesis. Carcinogenicity, 531–561 (1999).
  • Hsu , FH and Chou , C-H . 1992 . Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. , 33 : 335
  • Zeid , IM . 2001 . Biol. Plant , 44 : 111
  • Faisal , M and Hasnain , S . 2005 . Biotechnol. Lett. , 27 : 943
  • Faisal , M , Hameed , A and Hasnain , S . 2005 . J. Indust. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 32 : 615
  • (a) D. Bagchi, S.J. Stohs, B.W. Downs, M. Bagchi, H.G. Preuss. Toxicology, 180, 5 (2002); (b) Y.O. Vasylkiv, O.I. Kubrak, K.B. Storey, V.L. Lushchak. Chemosphere, 80, 1044 (2010).
  • Dursun , AY , Uslu , G , Cuci , Y and Aksu , Z . 2003 . Process Biochem. , 38 : 1647
  • Rengaraj , S , Yeon , KH and Moon , SH . 2001 . J. Hazard. Mater. , 87 : 273
  • Zhou , X , Korenaga , T , Takahashi , T , Moriwake , T and Shinoda , S . 1993 . Water Res. , 27 : 1049
  • Tiravanti , G , Petruzzelli , D and Passino , R . 1997 . Water Sci. Technol. , 36 : 197
  • Seaman , JC , Bertsch , PM and Schwallie , L . 1999 . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 : 938
  • Kongsricharoern , N and Polprasert , C . 1996 . Water Sci. Technol. , 34 : 109
  • Luo , H , Lu , YD , Shi , X , Mao , Y and Dalal , NS . 1996 . Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. , 26 : 185
  • Shi , X , Sun , X , Gannett , PM and Dalal , NS . 1992 . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 293 : 281
  • Shi , X , Mao , Y , Knapton , AD , Ding , M , Rojanasakul , Y , Gannett , PM , Dalal , NS and Liu , K . 1994 . Carcinogenesis , 15 : 2475
  • (a) M.J. Tsapakos, K.E. Wetterhahn. Chem. Biol. Interact., 46, 265 (1983); (b) T.M. Silvia, A.M.M. Maria. Rev. Bras. Toxicol., 18, 77 (2005).
  • (a) J.K. Wetterhahn. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 874 (1982); (b) G.R. Borthiry, W.E. Antholine, J.M. Myers, C.R. Myers. J. Inorg. Biochem., 102, 1449 (2008).
  • (a) A.M. Standeven, K.E. Wetterhahn. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 68, 469 (1991); (b) L. Cheng, D.M. Sonntag, J. de Boer, K. Dixon. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 19, 239 (2000).
  • (a) A. Kortenkamp, Z. Ozolins, D. Beyersmann, P. O’Brien. Mutat. Res., 216, 19 (1989); (b) P.A. Mazzer, L. Maurmann, R.N. Bose. J. Inorg. Biochem., 101, 44 (2007).
  • Farrell , RP , Judd , RJ , Lay , PA , Dixon , NE , Baker , RSU and Bonin , AM . 1989 . Chem. Res. Toxicol. , 2 : 227
  • (a) X. Shi, A. Chiu, C.T. Chen, B. Halliwell, V. Castranova, V.J. Vallyathan. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2, 101 (1998); (b) K.P. Nickens, S.R. Patierno, S. Ceryak. Chem. Biol. Interact., 188, 276 (2010).
  • J.A. Schmidt, A.W. Andren. In Nickel in the Environment, J.O. Nriagu (Ed.), chap. 6, John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1980).
  • Nriagu , JO and Pacyna , JM . 1988 . Nature , 333 : 134
  • McGrath , SP and Smith , S . 1990 . Chromium and Nickel , Edited by: Alloway , BJ . 125 – 146 . London : Blackie and Sons .
  • Steritt , RM , Brown , MJ and Lester , JN . 1981 . Environ. Pollut. , 24 : 313
  • (a) L.A. Klein, M. Lang, N. Nash, S.L. Kirscher. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 46, 2653 (1974); (b) P. Khanna. Pollution Res., 29, 175 (2010).
  • (a) S.P. McGrath P.W. Lane. Environ. Pollut., 60, 235 (1989); (b) F. Amery, F. Degryse, C. Van Moorleghem, M. Duyck, E. Smolders. Anal. Chim. Acta, 670, 24 (2010).
  • Stowe , CW . 1987 . Evolution of Chromium Ore Fields , Edited by: Stowe , CW . 1 – 22 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
  • Breeze , VG . 1973 . J. Appl. Ecol. , 10 : 513
  • (a) H.J. Gibb, P.S. Lees, P.F. Pinsky, B.C. Rooney. Am. J. Ind. Med., 38, 115 (2000); (b) J.R. Peralta-Videa, M.L. Lopez, M. Narayan, G. Saupe, J. Gardea-Torresdey. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 41, 1665 (2009); (c) A.K. Shanker, C. Cervantes, H. Loza-Tavera, S. Avudainayagam. Environ. Int., 31, 739 (2005); (d) P-C. Wang, T. Mori, K. Komori, M. Sasatsu, K. Toda, Hisao Ohtake. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 1665 (1989); (e) D.E. Kimbrough, Y. Cohen, A.M. Winer, L. Creelman, C. Mabuni. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1 (1999).
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Chromium and Chromium Compounds, In IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Chromium, Nickel and Welding, vol 49, pp. 49–256, IARC, Lyon, France (1990).
  • International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), Chromium, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1988).
  • (a) J.A.H. Waterhouse. Br. J. Cancer, 32, 262 (1975); (b) D. Mesitschek, K. Fent. Galvanotechnik, 101, 1167 (2010).
  • (a) H.-W. Kuo, J.-S. Lai, T.-I. Lin. Int. Arc. Occup. Environ. Health, 70, 272; (b) M. Costa. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 27, 431 (1997).
  • (a) S.C. Lin, C.C. Tai, C.C. Chan, J.D. Wang. Am. J. Ind. Med., 26, 221 (1994); (b) M.Â.B.C. Menezes, C.V.S. Sabino, M.B. Franco, E.C.P. Maia, C.C.B. Albinati. J. Atmos. Chem., 49, 403 (2004).
  • (a) H. Royle. Environ. Res., 10, 141 (1975); (b) T. Sorahan, D.C. Burges, L. Hamilton, J.M. Harrington. Occup. Environ. Med., 55, 236 (1998); (c) T. Sorahan, J.M. Harrington. Occup. Environ. Med., 57, 385 (2000); (d) R.S. Luippold, K.A. Mundt, R.P. Austin, E. Liebig, J. Panko, C. Crump, K. Crump, D. Proctor. Occup. Environ. Med., 60, 451 (2003); (e) P. Russo, A. Catassi, A. Cesario, A. Imperatori, N. Rotolo, M. Fini, P. Granone, L. Dominioni. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 33, 589 (2005); (f) S.L. Holland, S.V. Avery. Toxicol. Sci., 111, 437 (2009).
  • (a) L. Kanerva, A. Aitio. Eur. J. Dermatology, 7, 79; (b) A.L. Rowbotham, L.S. Levy, L.K. Shuker. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B, 3, 145 (2000); (c) M. Seishima, Z. Oyama, M. Oda. Dermatology, 207, 48 (2003).
  • (a) N. Williams. Occup. Med. Oxf., 47, 309 (1997); (b) M. Costa. Environ. Health Perspect., 92, 45 (1991); (c) J.R. Kuykendall, K.L. Miller, K.N. Mellinger, A.V. Cain. Aquat. Toxicol., 78, 27 (2006); (d) L.C. Bridgewater, F.C. Manning, S.R. Patierno. Carcinogenesis, 15, 2421 (1994); (e) T. O’Brien, H.G. Mandel, D.E. Pritchard, S.R. Patierno. Biochemistry, 41, 12529 (2002); (f) T.J. O’Brien, B.R. Brooks S.R. Patierno. Mol. Cell Biochem., 279, 85 (2005); (g) K. Salnikow, A. Zhitkovich. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 28 (2008).
  • (a) X. Shi, N.S. Dalal. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 156, 137 (1988); (b) M.C. Golonka, M. Daszkiewicz. Coord. Chem. Rev., 249, 2391 (2005) and references therein; (c) T.J. O’Brien, S. Ceryak, S.R. Patierno. Mutat. Res., 533, 3 (2003); (d) A.J. Lee, N.J. Hodges, J.K. Chipman. Biomarkers, 9, 103 (2004); (e) A. Zhitkovich. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18, 3 (2005); (f) D. Beyersmann, A. Hartwig. Arch. Toxicol., 82, 493 (2008).
  • (a) N.S. Dalal, X. Shi (Eds.). In Medical, Biomedical and Chemical Aspects of Free Radicals, pp. 547–550, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, (1989); (b) K.D. Sugden, D.M. Stearns (2000). J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 19, 215 (1989).
  • Shi , X , Dong , Z , Dalal , NS and Gannett , P . 1994 . Biophys. Acta , 1226 : 65
  • Chen , F , Ye , J , Zhang , X , Rojanasakul , Y and Shi , X . 1997 . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 338 : 165
  • Shi , X and Dalal , NS . 1990 . Free Radical Res. Commun. , 10 : 17
  • Shi , X and Dalal , NS . 1990 . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 277 : 342
  • Suzuki , Y and Fukuda , K . 1994 . Arch. Toxicol. , 64 : 169
  • Ding , M and Shi , X . 2002 . Mol. Cell Biochem. , 234/235 : 293 , and references therein
  • Shi , X and Dalal , NS . 1990 . FEBS Lett. , 276 : 189
  • Barton , JP and Packer , JE . 1970 . Int. J. Radiat. Phys. Chem. , 23 : 159
  • Quintiliani , M , Badiello , R , Tamba , M , Esfendi , A and Gorin , G . 1997 . Int. J. Radiat. Phys. Chem. , 32 : 159
  • Shi , X and Dalal , NS . 1990 . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 281 : 90
  • (a) X. Shi, N.S. Dalal. Environ. Health Perspect., 102, 231 (1994); (b) N.M. Carrol, N. Keshava, J. Chen, G. Akerman, A. Kligerman, E. Rinde. Environ. Mol. Mutagen, 51, 89 (2010).
  • (a) X. Shi, S. Leonard, L. Zang, P. Gannet, Y. Rojanasakul, V. Castranova, V.J. Vallyathan. Inorg. Biochem., 69, 263 (1998); (b) M.J. Vasbinder, A. Bakac. Inorg. Chem., 46, 2921 (2007); (c) A. Zhitkovich, Y. Song, G. Quievryn, V. Voitkun. Biochemistry, 40, 549 (2001); (d) G. Quievryn, E. Peterson, J. Messer, A. Zhitkovich. Biochemistry, 42, 1062 (2003); (e) G. Quievryn, J. Messer, A. Zhitkovich. Biochemistry, 41, 3156 (2002); (f) A. Zhitkovich, J. Messer, S. Shrager. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 13, 1114 (2000); (g) V. Voitkun, A. Zhitkovich, M. Costa. Nucleic Acids Res., 26, 2024 (1998); (h) A. Levina, P.A. Lay, N.E. Dixon. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 946 (2001).
  • (a) J. Weinstein, B.H.J. Bielski. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 58 (1979); (b) X. Shi, N.S. Dala. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 292, 323 (1992); (c) K.J. Liu, X. Shi. Mol. Cell Biochem., 222, 41 (2001); (d) G.R. Borthiry, W.E. Antholine, W. Kalyanaraman, J.M. Myers, C.R. Myers. Free Radical Biol. Med., 42, 738 (2007); (e) J.M. Myers, C.R. Myers. Free Radical Biol. Med., 47, 1477 (2009).
  • (a) S. Wang, X. Shi. Carcinogenesis, 22, 757 (2001); (b) M. Valko, C.J. Rhodes, J. Moncol, M. Izakovic, M. Mazu. Chem. Biol. Interact., 160, 1 (2006); (c) L. Chen, J.L. Ovesen, A. Puga, Y. Xia. Environ. Health Perspect., 117, 1124 (2009); (d) X.-F. Wang, X.-M. Lou, Y. Shen, M.-L. Xing, L.-H. Xu. Environ. Toxicol., 25, 77 (2010).
  • (a) X. Zhou, T. Korenga, T. Takahasi, T. Moriwake, S. Shinoda. Water Res., 27, 1049 (1993); (b) M. Bansal, U. Garg, D. Singh V.K. Garg. J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 312 (2009).
  • Seaman , JC , Bertsch , PM and Schwallie , L . 1999 . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 : 938
  • (a) G. Tiravanti, D. Petruzzelli, R. Passino. Water Sci. Technol., 36, 197 (1997); (b) S. Rengaraj, K.H. Yeon, S.Y. Kang, J.U. Lee, K.W. Kim, S.H. Moon. J. Hazard. Mater., 92, 185 (2002).
  • Aliabadi , M , Morshedzadeh , K and Soheyli , H . 2006 . Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. , 3 : 321
  • Dakiky , M , Khamis , M , Manassra , A and Mereb , M . 2002 . Adv. Environ. Res. , 6 : 533
  • Teixeria , T , Cesar , R , Zezzi , A and Marco , A . 2004 . Chemosphere , 54 : 905
  • Mahvi , A , Naghipour , D , Vaezi , F and Nazmara , S . 2005 . Am. J. Appl. Sci. , 2 : 372
  • Melo , M and Disouza , SF . 2004 . Bioresour. Technol. , 92 : 151

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.