The Role of Stress in Peptic Ulcer Disease

References

• Alexander , F. 1950 . Psychosomatic Medicine , New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Baron , J. H. and Jones , R. V. 1958 . “Incidence of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer in the British Army in 1955” . Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med. , Vol. 12 : 71 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Berkowitch , S. 1975 . “Psychological Aspects of Ulcerous Gastrointestinal Diseases” . Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. , Vol. 38 : 419 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Card , W. I. and Marks , I. N. 1960 . “The Relationship Between the Acid Output of the Stomach following ‘Maximal’ Histamine Stimulation and the Parietal Cell Mass” . Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. , Vol. 19 : 147
   Google Scholar
• Cobb , S. and Rose , R. M. 1973 . “Hypertension, Peptic Ulcer, and Diabetes in Air Traffic Controllers” . J.A.M.A. , Vol. 224 : 489 – 492 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , A. J. and Cooke , A. R. 1968 . “Correlation Between the Weight of Gastric Mucosa and Maximal Acid Secretion” . Digestion , Vol. 1 : 209
   Google Scholar
• Cox , A. J. 1952 . “Stomach Size and Its Relation to Chronic Peptic Ulcer” . Arch. Pathol. , Vol. 54 : 407
   Google Scholar
• de M'Uzan , M. , Bonfils , S. and Lambling , A. 1962 . “Eléments Psychosomatiques du Pronostic de l'Ulcere Gastroduodénal” . In Psychosomatique el Gastroenterologie , Edited by: Aboulker , P. , Chertok , L. and Sapir , M. 57 – 65 . Paris : Masson .
   Google Scholar
• Dunn , J. P. and Cobb , S. 1962 . “Frequency of Peptic Ulcer Among Executives, Craftsmen and Foremen” . J Occup. Med. , Vol. 4 : 343 – 348 .
   Google Scholar
• Eberhard , G. 1968 . “Peptic Ulcer in Twins: A Study in Personality, Heredity, and Environment” . Acta Psychiatr. Scand. [Suppl.] , Vol. 205
   Google Scholar
• Engel , G. L. , Reichsman , F. and Segal , H. L. 1956 . “Study of an Infant with a Gastric Fistula. I. Behavior and the Rate of Total Hydrochloric Acid Secretion” . Psychosom. Med. , Vol. 18 : 374 – 398 .
   Google Scholar
• Engel , G. L. 1975 . “Psychological Aspects of Gastrointestinal Disorders” . In American Handbook of Psychiatry , Edited by: Reiser , M. F. 653 – 692 . New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Fordtran , J. S. 1973 . “The Psychosomatic Theory of Peptic Ulcer” . In Gastrointestinal Disease , Edited by: Sleisinger , M. H. and Fordtran , J. S. Philadelphia : Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , S. J. , Smith , C. L. and Connell , A. M. 1976 . “Emotion-Related Gastritis” . Am. J. Gastroenterol. , Vol. 65 ( 1 ) : 41 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Gundry , R. K. , Donaldson , R. K. , Pinderhughes , C. A. and Barrabee , E. 1967 . “Patterns of Gastric Acid Secretion in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer: Correlations with Clinical and Personality Features” . Gastroenterol. , Vol. 52 : 176
   Google Scholar
• Hagnell , O. and Wretmark , G. 1957 . “Peptic Ulcer and Alcoholism” . J. Psychosom. Res. , Vol. 2 : 35
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , E. L. , Sullivan , B. H. and Palmer , E. O. 1952 . “Duodenal Ulcer in Military Personnel: Studies on Military Effectiveness of the Ulcer Patient. II. Magnitude of the Problem” . U.S. Armed Forces Med. J. , Vol. 3 : 831 – 838 .
   Google Scholar
• Højer-Pedersen , W. 1958 . “On the Significance of Psychic Factors in the Development of Peptic Ulcer” . Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand. [Suppl.] , Vol. 33 : 119
   Google Scholar
• Jørgensen , T. G. and Gyntelberg , F. 1976 . “Occurrence of Peptic Ulcer Disease in Copenhagen Males Ages 40–49 . Dan. Med. Bull. , Vol. 23 ( 1 ) : 23 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Klettenhamer-Tischina , H. P. 1972 . The 9th European Conference on Psychosomatic Research . 1972 , Vienna. Personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Langman , M. 1974 . “The Changing Nature of the Duodenal Ulcer Diathesis” . In Westminster Hospital Symposium on Chronic Duodenal Ulcer , Edited by: Wasrell , C. 3 – 12 . London : Butterworths .
   Google Scholar
• Mahl , G. F. 1950 . “Anxiety, HC1 Secretion and Peptic Ulcer Etiology” . Psychosom. Med. , Vol. 12 : 158
   Google Scholar
• Margolin , S. G. 1951 . “The Behavior of the Stomach during Psychoanalysis: A Contribution to a Method of Verifying Psychoanalytic Data” . Psychoanal. Q. , Vol. 20 : 349
   Google Scholar
• Menguy , R. 1964 . “Current Concepts of the Etiology of Duodenal Ulcer” . Am. J. Dig. Dis. , Vol. 9 : 199 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittleman , B. and Wolff , H. G. 1942 . “Emotions and Gastroduodenal Function: Experimental Studies on Patients with Gastritis, Duodenitis and Peptic Ulcer” . Psychosom. Med. , Vol. 4 : 5
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. 1972 . “Psychosomatic Medicine. VII. Psychosomatic Aspects of Peptic Ulcer Disease” . Practitioner , Vol. 209 : 114 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Pflanz , M. 1971 . “Epidemiological and Sociocultural Factors in the Etiology of Duodenal Ulcer” . Adv. Psychosom. Med. , Vol. 6 : 121 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Ryss , S. and Ryss , E. 1968 . “Modern Concepts of Etiology and Pathogenesis of Peptic Ulcer: Disorders of the Regulating Mechanisms” . Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , Vol. 3 : 513 – 524 .
   Google Scholar
• Sandberg , B. and Bliding , A. 1976 . “Duodenal Ulcer in Army Trainees During Basic Military Training” . J. Psychosom. Res. , Vol. 20 ( 1 ) : 61 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , D. N. and de Winser , D. M.R. 1942 . “Incidence of Perforated Peptic Ulcer. Effect of Heavy Air Raids” . Lancet , Vol. 1 : 259
   Google Scholar
• Sturdevant , R. A.L. 1976 . “Epidemiology of Peptic Ulcer” . Am. J. Epidemiol. , Vol. 104 ( 1 ) : 9 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Susser , M. 1967 . “Causes of Peptic Ulcer: A Selective Epidemiological Review” . J. Chronic Dis. , Vol. 20 : 435
   Google Scholar
• Viskum , K. 1975 . “Mind and Ulcer” . Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , Vol. 51 ( 3 ) : 182 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Weiner , H. , Thaler , M. , Reiser , M. F. and Mirsky , I. A. 1957 . “Etiology of Duodenal Ulcer. I. Relation of Specific Psychological Characteristics to Rate of Gastric Secretion (Serum Pepsinogen)” . Psychosom. Med. , Vol. 19 : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Weiner , H. 1977 . Psychobiology and Human Disease , New York : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Weisman , A. D. 1956 . “A Study of the Psychodynamics of Duodenal Ulcer Exacerbations with Special Reference to Treatment and the Problem of Specificity” . Psychosom. Med. , Vol. 18 : 2
   Google Scholar
• Wolf , S. and Wolff , H. G. 1947 . Human Gastric Function , New York : Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• Work Group XI . 1975 . “A Survey of Opportunities and Needs in Research on Digestive Diseases. Psychosocial Forces” . Gastroenterology , Vol. 69 ( 5 ) : 1161 – 1164 .
   Google Scholar
• Wormsley , K. G. and Grossman , M. I. 1965 . “Maximal Histalog Test in Control Subjects and Patients with Peptic Ulcer” . Gut. , Vol. 6 : 427
   Google Scholar