References
- Adams , W. , Alameddine , S. , Bowman , B. , Lugo , N. , Paege , S. , and Stafford , P. ( 2001 ). Factors influencing the total energy consumption in arc furnaces, paper presented at the 59th Electric Arc Furnace Conference, Phoenix, Arizona.
- Ajbar , A. , Alhumaizi , K. , and Soliman , M. A. ( 2011 ). Modelling and parametric studies of direct reduction reactor , Ironmaking Steelmaking , 38 , 401 – 411 .
- Alhumaizi , A. , Ajbar , A. , and Soliman , M. A. ( 2012 ). Modeling the complex interactions between reformer and reduction furnace in a Midrex-based iron plant , Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 90 , 1120 – 1141 .
- Bekker , J. G. , Craig , I. K. , and Pistorius , P. C. ( 1999 ). Modeling and simulation of an electric arc furnace process , ISIJ Int. , 39 , 23 – 32 .
- Çamdali , U. , Tunç , M. , and Karakas , A. ( 2003 ). Second law analysis of thermodynamics in the electric arc furnace at a steel producing company , Energy Convers. Manage. , 44 , 961 – 973 .
- Czapla , M. , Karbowniczek , M. , and Michaliszyn , A. ( 2008 ). The optimisation of electric energy consumption in the electric ARC furnace , Arch. Metal. Mater. , 53 , 599 – 565 .
- Dressel , G. L. ( 1999 ). Use of DRI in EAFs, Part 4 , Iron Steelmaker , 26 , 53 – 55 .
- Ekmekci , I. , Yetisken , Y. , and Çamdali , U. ( 2007 ). Mass balance modeling for electric arc furnace and ladle furnace system in steelmaking facility in Turkey , J. Iron Steel Res. Int. , 14 , 1 – 6 .
- Fraser , S. D. , Monsberger , M. , and Hacker , V. ( 2006 ). A thermodynamic analysis of the reformer sponge iron cycle , J. Power Sources , 161 , 420 – 431 .
- Hocine , L. , Yacine , D. , Kamel , B. , and Samira , K. M. ( 2009 ). Improvement of electrical arc furnace operation with an appropriate model , Energy , 3 , 1207 – 1214 .
- Kirschen , M. , Badr , K. , and Pfeifer , H. ( 2011 ). Influence of direct reduced iron on the energy balance of the electric arc furnace in steel industry , Energy , 36 , 6146 – 6155 .
- Köhle , S. ( 2002 ). Recent improvements in modelling energy consumption of electric arc furnaces, in 7th European Electric Steelmaking Conference, 1305–1314, AIM, Milan, Italy.
- Larsson , M. , and Dahl , J. ( 2003 ). Reduction of the specific energy use in an integrated steel plant—The effect of an optimisation model , ISIJ Int. , 43 , 1664 – 1673 .
- Larsson , M. , Wang , C. , and Dahl , J. ( 2006 ). Development of a method for analyzing energy, environmental and economic efficiency for an integrated steel plant , Appl. Therm. Eng. , 26 , 1353 – 1361 .
- MacRosty , R. D. , and Swartz , C. L. E. ( 2005 ). Dynamic modeling of an industrial electric arc furnace , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 44 , 8067 – 8083 .
- MacRosty , R. D. M. , and Swartz , C. L. E. ( 2007 ). Dynamic optimization of electric arc furnace operation , AIChE J. , 53 , 640 – 653 .
- Matson , S. , and Ramirez , W. F. ( 1999 ). Optimal operation of an electric arc furnace, in 57th Electric Furnace Conference Proceedings, 719–730, ISS Publishers, Warrendale, Penn.
- Morales , R. D. , Rodríguez-Hernández , H. , Garnica-González , P. , and Romero-Serrano , J. A. ( 1997 ). A mathematical model for the reduction kinetics of iron oxide in electric furnace slags by graphite injection , ISIJ Int. , 37 , 1072 – 1080 .
- Morales , R. D. , Rodríguez-Hernández , H. , and Conejo , A. N. ( 2001 ). A mathematical simulator for the EAF steelmaking process using direct reduced iron , ISIJ Int. , 41 , 426 – 435 .
- Morales , R. D. , Conejo , A. N. , and Rodríguez , H. H. ( 2002 ). Process dynamics of electric arc furnace during direct reduced iron melting , Metal. Mater. Trans. B , 33B , 187 – 199 .
- Pfeifer , H. , Kirschen , M. , and Simoes , J. P. ( 2005 ). Thermodynamic analysis of EAF , in 8th European Electric Steelmaking Conference , 211 – 232 , Birmingham , UK .