HEAT TRANSFER TO HORIZONTAL TUBES IN A PILOT-SCALE FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR BURNING LOW-RANK COALS

REFERENCES

• Newby , R.A. , Keairns , D.L. , and Ahmed , M.M. , “ The Selection of Design and Operating Conditions for Industrial AFBC to Meet Environmental Constraints ,” Proc. DOE/WYU Confer ence on Fluidized-Bed Combustion System Design and Operation , 1980 , pp. 59 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Grewal , N.S. , Ph.D. Thesis , “ Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Heat Transfer Between a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed and Immersed Tubes ,” University of Illinois at Chicago Circle , 1979 .
   Google Scholar
• Goblirsch , G. , Vander Molen , R.H. , Wilson , K. , and Hajicek , D. , “ Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Testing of North Dakota Lignite ,” Sixth International Fluidized Bed Conference , Atlanta , Georgia , 1980 .
   Google Scholar
• Taliv. R.D., Hajicek , D.R. , Benson , S.A. , Vander Molen , R.H. , and Owen , M.L. , “ Fluidized-Bed Combustion Studies for Texas Lignite ,” The Lignite Symposium , San Antonio , Texas , June 15 – 17 , 1980 .
   Google Scholar
• Grewal , N.S. , and Hajicek , D.R. , “ Experimental Studies of Heat Transfer from an Atmospheric- Fluidized-Bed Combustor to an Immersed Array of Horizontal tubes ,” 7th International Heat Transfer Conference , Paper No. HX23 , Munchen , Federal Republic of Germany , Sep . 1982 .
   Google Scholar
• Zabrodsky , S.S. , Antonishin , N.V. , and Parnas , A.L. , “ On Fluidized Bed-To Surface Heat Transfer ,” The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , vol. n54 n, 1976 , pp. 52 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botterill , J.S.M. , Fluid-Bed Heat Transfer , Academic Press , New York , 1975 .
   Google Scholar
• Gutfinger, C, and Abuef , N. , “ Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds ,” Advances in Heat Transfer , vol. 10 , 1974 , pp. 167 – 218 .
   Google Scholar
• Zabrodsky , S.S. , HydrodynamicsHeat Transfer in Fluidized Beds , MIT Press , Cambridge , Massachusetts , 1966 .
   Google Scholar
• Gelperin , N.I. , and Einshtein , V.G. , in Fluidization , edited by Davidson, J.F., and Harrison, D. , Academic Press , London , 1971 , p. 471 .
   Google Scholar
• Kunii , D. , and Levenspiel , O. , Fluidization Engineering , Wiley , New York , 1969 .
   Google Scholar
• Saxena , S.C. , Grewal , N.S. , Gabor , J.D. , Zabrodsky , S.S. , and Galershtein , D.M. , “ Heat Transfer Between a Gas Fluidized Bed and tmmersed Tubes ,” Advances in Heat Transfer , vol. 14 , 1978 , pp. 149 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Geldart , D. , “ Types of Gas Fluidization ”, Powder Technology , vol. 7 , 1973 . pp. 285 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boiterill , J.S.M. , Teoman , Y. , and Yuregir , K.R. , “ Temperature Effects on the Heat Transfer Behavior of Gas Fluidized Bed ,” AIChE Symposium Series , vol. 77 , No. 208 , 1981 , pp. 330 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Petrie , J.C. , Freeby , W.A. , and Buckham , J.A. , “ In-Bed Heat Exchangers ,” Chemical Engineering Progress, vol. 64 , No. 67 , 1968 , pp 45 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andeen , B.R. , and Glicksman , L.R. , “ Heat Transfer to Horizontal Tubes in Shallow Fluidized Beds ,” ASME Paper 76-HT-67 , ASME-AIChE Heat Transfer Conference , St. Louis , Mo. , 1976 .
   Google Scholar
• Bartel , W.J. , and Genetti , W.E. , “ Heat Transfer from a Horizontal Bundle of Bare and Finned Tubes in an Air Fluidized Bed ,” AIChE Symposium Series , vol. 69 , No. 128 , 1973 , pp 85 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Bansal , R.K. , Kadaba , P.V. , and Desai , P.V. , “ Heat Transfer from Horizontal Tubes in Gas Fluidized Beds ,” Paper No. 80-HT-115 , ASMEIAIChE National Heat Transfer Conference , Orlando , FL , July 27 – 30 , 1980 .
   Google Scholar
• Dahlhoff. H., and Brachel , H. , “ Warmeubergang and Horizontal in einem Fluidatbet Angeordne- ten Rohrbundeln ,” Chem. Ing. Techn. , vol. 40 , 1968 , pp 372 – 376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grewal , N.S. , “ A Generalized Correlation for Heat Transfer Between a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed of Small Particles and an Immersed Staggered Array of Horizontal Tubes ,” Powder Technology , vol. 30 , 1981 , pp 145 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grewal , N.S. , and Saxena , S.C. , “ Experimental Studies of Heat Transfer Between a Bundle of Horizontal Tubes and a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed of Small Particles ", Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Process Des. Dev. , vol. 22 , 1983 , pp. 367 – 376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelperin , N.I. , Einshtein , V.G. , and Korotyanskaya , L.A. , “ Heat Transfer Between a Fluidized Bed and Staggered Bundle of Horizontal Tubes ,” International Chemical Engineering , vol. n9 n, No. 1 , 1969 , pp 137 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamarin , A.I. , Zabiodsky , S.S. , Epanov, Yu. G-, “ Heat Transfer Between a Horizontal Staggered Tube Bundle and a Fluidized Bed ,” Heat Transfer-Soviet Research , vol. 8 , No. 5 , 1976 , pp 51 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Gelperin , N.I. , Einshtein , V.G. , and Zaikovski , A.V. , “ Hydraulic and Heat Transfer Characteris tics of a Fluidized Bed with a Horizontal Tube Bundle ,” Khim i Neft. Mashinostr. , No, 3 , 1968 , pp 17 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Chekansky , V.V. , Sheindlin , B.S. , Galershtein , DM. , and Antonyuk , K.S. , “ Heat Transfer from a Fluidized Bed to a Narrow Pitch Staggered Bundle of Horizontal Tubes ,” Trudy SKB-3 , Minavtoprom SSSR, Vyp 4, ONTI. Minsk , 1970 , pp 143 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• " Evaluation of Fluid Bed Exchanger Optimization Parameters ", Final Technical Report submit ted to the Department of Energy under Contract No. AC03-78Erl 1343 by the Aeroject Energy Conversion Company , Sacramento , California , March 1980 .
   Google Scholar
• Glicksman , L.R. , and Decker , N.R. , “ Design Relationships for Predicting Heat Transfer to Tube Bundles in Fluidized Bed Combustors ”, Proc. 6th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustors , Atlanta , Georgia , 1980 , pp 1152 – 1158 .
   Google Scholar
• Staub , F.W. , “ Solids Circulation in Turbulent Fluidized Beds and Heat Transfer to Immersed Tube Banks ,” Journal of Heat Transfer , vol. 101 , No. 3 , August 1979 , pp 291 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier , A.M. , and Davidson , J.F. , “ Heat Transfer to Surfaces Immersed in Fluidized Beds and in the Freeboard Region ,” AIChE Symposium Series , vol. 77 , No. 208 , 1981 , pp 368 – 373 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , M. “ Heat and Mass Transfer in Fluidized Beds ,” International Chemical Engineering , vol. 22 , No. 1 , 1982 , pp. 30 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Catipovic , N.M. , Jovanovic , G. N. , Fitzgerald , T. J. , and Levenspiel , O. , “ A Model for Heat Transfer to Horizontal Tubes Immersed in a Fluidized Bed of Large Particles ,” in Fluidization , edited by Grace, J.R., and Matsen, J.M. , Plenum Press , New York and London , 1980 , p 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Zabrodsky , S.S. , Epanov, Yu. G., Galershtein , D.M. , Saxena , S.C. , and Kolar , A.K. , “ Heat Transfer in a Large Particle Fluidized Bed with Immersed In-line and Staggered Bundles of Horizontal Smooth Tubes ,” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer , vol. 24 , 1981 , pp 571 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , R.L. , and Welty , J.R. , “ A Gas Convection Model of Heat Transfer in Large Particle Fluidized Beds ,” AIChE Journal , vol. 25 , No. 3 , 1979 , pp 395 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Operating Manual for AFBC unit , Department of Energy, Grand Forks Energy Technology Center , Grand Forks , North Dakota .
   Google Scholar
• Peiukhov , B.S. , “ Heat Transfer and Friction in Turbulent Pipe Flow with Variable Physical Properties ,” Advances in Heat Transfer , vol. 6 , 1970 , pp 503 – 564 .
   Google Scholar
• Baskakov , A.P. , Berg , B.V. , Vitt , O.K. , Filippovsky , N.F. , Kirakosyan , V.A. , Golddobin , J.M. , and Maskaev , V.K. , “ Heat Transdfer to Objects Immersed in Fluidized Beds ,” Powder Technol ogy , vol. 8 , 1973 , pp 273 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goroshko , V.D. , Rosenbautn , R.B. , and O.M. Todes , “ Approximate Hydraulic Relationships for Suspended Beds and Hindered Falls ,” Izvestiya Vuzov, Neft' i Gaz , No. 1 , 1958 , pp 125 – 131 , in Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds, S.S. Zabrodsky, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1966, pp 71–73 .
   Google Scholar
• Leva , M. , “ Correlations of the Dense-Phase Fluidized State and Their Applications ,” Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , vol. 35 , 1957 , pp 71 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Wen , C.Y. , and Yu , Y.H. , “ Mechanics of Fluidization ,” Chemical Engineering Progress Sym posium Series , vol. 62 , 1966 , pp 110 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Krupiczka , R. , “ Analysis of Thermal Conductivity of Granular Materials ,” International Chemical Engineering , vol. 7 , 1967 , pp 122 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori , S. , and Wen , C. Y. , “ Estimation of Bubble Diameter in Gaseous Fluidized Beds ,” AIChE Journal , vol. 21 , No. 1 , 1975 , pp 109 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu , S.P. , Shah , B. , Talwalker , A. , “ Fluidization Correlations for Coal Gasification Materials- Minimum Fluidization Velocity and Fluidized Bed Expansion Ratio ,” AIChE Symposium Series , vol. 74 , No. 176 , 1978 , pp. 176 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Louis , J.F. , and Tung , S.E. , “ Modeling of Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal ,” DOE/MC/16014-1573, July , 1982 .
   Google Scholar