HYDRODEMETALLATION CATALYST PELLETS WITH NONUNIFORM RADIAL PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

References

• Ahn , B.J. and Smith , J. M. ( 1984 ) Deactivation of Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts by Metal Deposition , AlChE J. , 30 , 739 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbabi , S. and Sahiini , M. ( 1991 a) Computer Simulations of Catalyst Deactivation -I. Model Formulation and Validation , Chem. Eng. Sci. , 46 , 1739 .
   Google Scholar
• Arbabi , S. and Sahimi , M. ( 1991 b) Computer Simulations of Catalyst Deactivation -11. The Effect of Morphological, Transport and Kinetic Parameters on the Performance of the Catalyst , Chem. Eng. Sci. , 46 , 1749 .
   Google Scholar
• Chiang , C.L. and Fang , Z.R. ( 1994 ) Simulation and Optimal Design for the Residual Oil Hydrodemctallation in a Cocurrent Moving-Bed Reactor , Client. Eng. Sci. , 49 , 1175 .
   Google Scholar
• Dautzenberg , F. M. , Van Klinken , J. , Pronk , K. M. A. , Sie , S.T. and Wijffels , J. B. ( 1978 ) Catalyst Deactivation Through Pore Mouth Plugging Residue Desulfurization , ACS Symp. Ser. , 65 , 254 .
   Google Scholar
• Galiasso , R. and Morales , A. ( 1983 ) Adsorption Mechanism of Boscan Porphyrins on HDM Catalysts , Appl. Catal , 7 , 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrillidis , A. , Varma , A. and Morbidelli , M. ( 1993 ) Optimal Distribution of Catalysts in Pellets , Cat. Rev. Sci. Eng. , 35 , 399 .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrillidis , A. , Melis , S. and Cao , G. Paper 60e , AIChE Annual Meeting , Miami Beach , FL , November 1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , C. C. and Mann , R. ( 1978 ) Interpretation of Catalysts Deactivation by Fouling from Interactions of Pore Structure and Foulant Deposit Geometries , ACS Symp. Ser. , 65 , 201 .
   Google Scholar
• Keil , F. J. and Rieckmann , C. ( 1993 ) Optimization of Catalyst Pore Structures , Hung. J. Ind. Chem. , 21 , 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Keil , F. J. and Rieckmann , C. ( 1994 ) Optimization of Three-Dimensional Catalyst Pore Structures , Chem. Eng. Sci. , 49 , 4811 .
   Google Scholar
• Limbach . K.W. and Wei , J. ( 1988 ) “Effect of Nonuniform of Activity on Hydrodemetallation Catalyst” , AIChE. J. , 34 , 305 .
   Google Scholar
• Newson , E. J. ( 1975 ) “Catalyst Deactivation due to Pore Plugging by Reaction Products” , Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Deo. , 14 , 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyekunle , L. O. and Hughes , R. ( 1987 ) “Catalyst Deactivation during Hydrodemetallization” , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 26 , 1945 .
   Google Scholar
• Pazos , J. M. , Gonzalez , J. C. and Salazar-Guillen A. J. ( 1983 ) “Effect of Catalyst Properties and Operating Conditions on Hydroprocessing High Metals Feeds” , Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Deo. , 22 , 653 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira , C. J. , Cheng , W. C , Beeckman , J. W. and Suarez , W. ( 1988 ) “Performance of the Minilith - A Shaped Hydrodemetallation Catalyst” , Appl. Catal. , 42 , 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Pereira , C.J. and Beeckman , J. W. ( 1989 ) “Modeling of Hydrodemetallation Catalysts” , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 28 , 422 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petzold , L. R. ( 1991 ) “DDASSL, a Software Package for the Solution of Differential/Algebraic Systems of Equations” , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , CA .
   Google Scholar
• Quann , R. J. , Ware , R. A. , Hung, C. W. and Wei , J. ( 1988 ) “Catalytic Hydrodemetallation of Petroleum“ , Adv. Chem. Eng. , 14 , 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Rajagopalan , K. and Luss , D. ( 1979 ) Influence of Catalyst Pore Size on Demetallation Rate , Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev. , 18 , 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes , L. , Zerpa , C. and Krasuk , J. H. ( 1994 ) “Catalyst Deactivation in HDM of Heavy Deas-phalted Oils” , Catalyst Deactivation , 1994 , ( Delmon , B. and Froment , G. F Eds), pg. 85 , Elsevier , Amsterdam .
   Google Scholar
• Shimura , M. , Shiroto , Y. and Takeuchi , C. ( 1986 ) “Effect of Catalyst Pore Structure on Hy-drotrcating of Heavy Oil” , Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund. , 25 , 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sie , S. T. ( 1980 ) “Catalyst Deactivation by Poisoning and Pore Plugging in Petroleum Processing” Catalyst Deactivation , ( Delmon , B. and Froment , G. F. Eds), pg. 545 , Elsevier , Amsterdam .
   Google Scholar
• Sie , S. T. ( 1993 ) “Intraparticle Diffusion and Reaction Kinetics as Factors in Catalyst Particle Design” , Chem. Eng. J. , 53 , 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , B.J , and Wei , J. ( 1991 ) “Deactivation in Catalytic Hydrodemetallation. 111. Random-Spheres Catalyst Models” , J. Catal. , 132 , 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spry , J. C. and Sawyer , W. H ( 1975 ) “Configurational Diffusion Effects in Catalytic Demetallation of Petroleum Feedstocks” , AIChE Ann. Mfg. , Los Angeles .
   Google Scholar
• Takeuchi , C , Asaoka , S. , Nakata , S. and Shiroto , Y. ( 1985 ) “Characteristics of Residue Hydrodemetallation Catalysts” , ACS Symp. Ser. Div. Pertol. Chem. , 30 , 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamm , P. W. , Harnsberger , H. F. and Bridge , A. G ( 1981 ) “Effect of Feed Metals on Catalyst Aging in Hydroprocessing Residuum” , Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev. , 20 , 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei , J. ( 1987 ) “Toward the Design of Hydrodemetallation Catalysts” , Catalyst Design , ( Hegedus , L. L. , Ed.), p 245 , Wiley , New York .
   Google Scholar