Effect of bioinoculants and superphosphate fertilizer on the growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck)

References

• Adesemoye AO, Torbert HA, Kloepper JW 2009. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria allow reduced application rates of chemical fertilizers. Microbial Ecology 58: 921–929. 10.1007/s00248-009-9531-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adholeya A, Gaur A. 1994. Estimation of VAM fungal spores in soil. Mycorrhiza News 6: 10–11.
   Google Scholar
• American Dietetics Association 1992. Handbook of clinical dietetics. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arnon DL 1949. C copper enzyme is isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1–15. 10.1104/pp.24.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artursson V, Finlay R, Jansson JK 2006. Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria and their potential for stimulating plant growth. Environmental Microbiology 8(1): 1–10. 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00942.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azćon-Aguilar R, Barea JM 1992. Nodulation nitrogen fixation (15N) and N-nutrition relationship in mycorrhizal or phosphate amended alfalfa plants. Symbiosis 12: 33–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demars BG, Boerner REJ 1994. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization in Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae). American Midland Naturalist 132: 377–380. 10.2307/2426593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farnham MW, Stephenson KK, Fahey JW 2005. Glucoraphanin levels in broccoli seed is largely determined by genotype. HortScience 40: 50–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdemann JW, Nicolson TH 1963. Spores of mycorrhiza Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 46: 235–244. 10.1016/S0007-1536(63)80079-0
   Google Scholar
• Giovannetti M, Mosse B 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular–arbuscular infection in roots. New Phytologist 84: 489–500. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giri B, Kapoor R, Mukerji KG 2005. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae Glomus fasciculatum and G. macrocarpum on the growth and nutrient content of Cassia siamea in a semi-arid Indian wetland soil. New Forests 29: 63–73. 10.1007/s11056-004-4689-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gravel V, Antoun H, Tweddell RJ 2007. Growth stimulation and fruit yield improvement of greenhouse tomato plants by inoculation with Pseudomonas putida or Trichoderma atroviride: Possible role of indole acetic acid (IAA). Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39: 1968–1977. 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam MH, Shaheb MR, Rahman S, Ahmed B, Islam ATMT, Sarker PC 2010. Curd yield and profitability of broccoli as affected by phosphorus and potassium. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 5: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson ML 1973. Soil chemical analysis. New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Kamalakannan S, Manivannan K 2002. Influence of Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth parameters on radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Research on Crops 3: 138–141.
   Google Scholar
• Khan AA, Jilani G, Akhtar MS, Naqvi MS, Rasheed M 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: occurrence, mechanisms and their role in crop production. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 1: 48–58.
   Google Scholar
• Kohler J, Hernández JA, Caravaca F, Roldán A 2008. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modify alleviation biochemical mechanisms in water-stressed plants. Functional Plant Biology 35: 141–151. 10.1071/FP07218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krey T, Caus M, Baum C, Ruppel S, Eichler-Löbermann B 2011. Interactive effects of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria and organic fertilization on P nutrition of Zea mays L. and Brassica napus L. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 174: 602–613. 10.1002/jpln.200900349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambers H, Shane MW, Cramer MD, Pearse SJ, Veneklaas EJ 2006. Root structure and functioning for efficient acquisition of phosphorus: matching morphological and physiological traits. Annals of Botany (London) 98: 693–713. 10.1093/aob/mcl114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik ME, Kumar V 2007. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on biological yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck.). Haryana Journal of Horticultural Science 36: 133–134.
   Google Scholar
• Mehrvarz S, Chaichi MR, Alikhani HA 2008. Effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 3: 822–828.
   Google Scholar
• Menge JA, Timmer LW 1982. Procedure for inoculation of plants with VAM in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. In: Schenck NC ed. Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. St. Pauls, American Phyto-Pathological Society, Pp. 59–67.
   Google Scholar
• Miller SP, Bever JD 1999. Distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in stands of the wetland grass Panicum hemitomon along a wide hydrologic gradient. Oecologia 119: 586–592. 10.1007/s004420050823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton JB, Benny GL 1990. Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zygomycetes): a new order, Glomales, two new suborders, Glomineae and Giagasporineae, and two new families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae, with an emendation of Glomaceae. Mycotaxon 37: 471–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton JB, Redecker D 2001. Two new families of Glomales, Archaeosporaceae and Paraglomaceae, with two new genera Archaeospora and Paraglomus based on concordant molecular morphological characters. Mycologia 93: 181–195. 10.2307/3761615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukerji KG 1996. Taxonomy of endomycorrhizal fungi. In: Mukerji KG, Mathur B, Chamola B, Chitralekha P eds. Advances in botany. New Delhi, A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. Pp. 211–221.
   Google Scholar
• Orlowska E, Zubek SZ, Jurkiewicz A, Szarek-Àukaszewska G, Turnau K 2002. Influence of restoration on arbuscular mycorrhiza of Biscutella laevigata L. (Brassicaceae) and Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) from calamine spoil mounds. Mycorrhiza 12(3): 153–160. 10.1007/s00572-001-0155-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouda BA, Mahadeen BA 2008. Effect of fertilizers on growth, yield and yield components, quality and certain nutrient contents in broccoli (Brassica oleracea). International Journal of Agricultural and Biology 10: 627–32.
   Google Scholar
• Park KH, Lee CN, Son HJ 2009. Mechanism of insoluble phosphate solubilization by Pseudomonas fluorescens RAF15 isolated from ginseng rhizosphere and its plant growth-promoting activities. Letters in Applied Microbiology 49: 222–228. 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02642.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson JN, Abbott LK, Jasper DA 1994. Phosphorus, soluble carbohydrates and the competition between two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing subterranean clover. New Phytologists 127: 101–106. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04263.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips JM, Hayman DS 1970. Improved produces for clearing roots and staining parasitic and VAM fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 55: 158–161. 10.1016/S0007-1536(70)80110-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plenchette C, Fortin JA, Furlan V 1983. Growth responses of several plant species to mycorrhizae in a soil of moderate P-fertility. I. Mycorrhizal dependency under field conditions. Plant and Soil 70: 199–209. 10.1007/BF02374780
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsedek A 2007. Natural antioxidants and antioxidant capacity of Brassica vegetables: a review. LWT- Food Science and Technology 40: 1–11. 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.07.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pongrac P, Vogel-Mikus K, Kump P, Necemer M, Tolrá Poschenrieder C, Barceló J, Regvar M 2007. Changes in elemental uptake and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation during the life cycle of Thlaspi praecox Wulfen. Chemosphere 69: 1602–1609. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad K, Aggarwal A, Yadav K, Tanwar A 2012. Impact of different levels of superphosphate using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Chrysanthemum indicum L. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 12: 451–462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purakayastha TJ, Singh CS, Chhonkar PK 1998. Growth and iron nutrition of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Plenck), grown in a Typic Ustochrept, as influenced by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of pyrite and farmyard manure. Biology and Fertility of Soils 27: 35–38. 10.1007/s003740050396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regvar M, Vogel K, Irgel N, Wraber T, Hildebrandt U, Wilde P, Bothe H 2003. Colonization of pennycresses (Thalaspi spp.) of the Brassicaceae by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Plant Physiology 160: 615–626. 10.1078/0176-1617-00988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson AE, Simpson RJ 2011. Soil microorganisms mediating phosphorus availability. Plant Physiology 156: 989–996. 10.1104/pp.111.175448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez H, Fraga R 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnology Advances 17: 319–339. 10.1016/S0734-9750(99)00014-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanyal SK, De Datta SK 1999. Chemistry of phosphorus transformation in soil. Advances in Soil Sciences 16: 1–120.
   Google Scholar
• Schenck NC, Perez Y 1990. Manual for the identification of VA mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Florida, USA, University of Florida Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shaharoona B, Naveed M, Arshad M, Zahir ZA 2008. Fertilizer dependent efficiency of Pseudomonads for improving growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 79: 147–155. 10.1007/s00253-008-1419-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Rawat US, Yadav BK 2012. Influence of phosphorus levels and phosphorus solubilizing fungi on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat under sub-humid region of Rajasthan, India. ISRN Agronomy.
   Google Scholar
• Singh J, Rai M, Upadhyay AK, Bahadur A, Chaurasia SNS, Singh KP 2006. Antioxidant phytochemicals in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) cultivars. Journal of Food Science and Technology 43: 391–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh M, Rana DK, Rawat JMS, Rawat SS 2011. Effect of GA3 and kinetin on growth, yield and quality of sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 3: 282–285.
   Google Scholar
• Singh J, Upadhyay AK, Bahadur A, Singh KP 2004. Dietary antioxidant and minerals in Crucifers. Journal of Vegetable Crop Production 10: 33–41.
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabai MA, Bremner JM 1969. Use of p-nitrophenol for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1: 301–307. 10.1016/0038-0717(69)90012-1
   Google Scholar
• Tanwar A, Aggarwal A, Kadiyan N, Gupta A 2013a. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and rock phosphate application influence plant growth and yield of Capsicum annuum L. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 13: 55–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanwar A, Aggarwal A, Karishma, Neetu 2012. Effectiveness of endomycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens under different phosphorus levels on Capsicum annuum L. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Sciences) 46: 769–782.
   Google Scholar
• Tanwar A, Aggarwal A, Kaushish S, Chauhan S 2013b. Interactive effect of AM fungi with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and yield of broccoli. Plant Protection Science 49: 140–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanwar A, Aggarwal A, Yadav A, Parkash V 2013c. Screening and selection of efficient host and sugarcane bagasse as substrate for mass multiplication of Funneliformis mosseae. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture: An International Journal for Sustainable Production Systems 29: 107–117. 10.1080/01448765.2013.771955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong Y, Scheiner M, George E, Gabriel-Neumann E 2011. Mycorrhizal effect on the interaction between sesame and broccoli roots in a model system. Second annual joint meeting, 6 September 2011, Embassy of the French Republic, Berlin, Pariser Platz 5.
   Google Scholar
• Vierheilig H, Bennett R, Kiddle G, Kaldorf M, Ludwig-Müller J 2000. Differences in glucosinolate patterns and arbuscular mycorrhizal status of glucosinolate-containing plant species. New Phytology 146: 343–352. 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00642.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker C 1986. Taxonomic concepts in the Endogonaceae. II. A fifth morphological wall type in endogonaceous spores. Mycotaxon 25: 95–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt BK 1983. Nutritive value of fruits and vegetables. USAID handbook No. 8. Cited in Nonnecke IL 1989. Vegetable production. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold. Pp. 369–414.
   Google Scholar
• Zubek S, Mielcarek S, Turnau K 2012. Hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations of a valuable medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum L. are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza 22: 149–156. 10.1007/s00572-011-0391-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar