Quantifying morpho-physiological traits that describe canopy and biomass formation and partitioning processes for spring wheat genotypes grown under contrasting nitrogen supply

References

• Amanullah. 2015. Specific leaf area and specific leaf weight in small grain crops wheat, rye, barley, and oats differ at various growth stages and NPK source. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 38:1694–1708. doi:10.1080/01904167.2015.1017051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araus JL, Slafer GA, Reynolds MP, Royo C. 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for? Annals of Botany. 89:925–940. doi:10.1093/aob/mcf049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armour T, Jamieson PD, Nicholls A, Zyskowski RF. 2004. Breaking the 15 t/ha wheat yield barrier. In: T Fischer, N Turner, J Angus, L McIntyre, MJ Robertson, A Borrell and D Lloyd, editors. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. Brisbane, Australia. http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004//poster/2/7/3/662_armourt.htm
   Google Scholar
• Austin RB, Ford MA, Morgan CL, Yeoman D. 1993. Old and modern wheat cultivars compared on the Broadbalk wheat experiment. European Journal of Agronomy. 2:141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Austin RB, Bingham J, Blackwell RD, Evans LT, Ford MA, Morgan CL, Taylor M. 1980. Genetic improvements in winter wheat yields since 1900 and associated physiological changes. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 94:675–689. doi:10.1017/S0021859600028665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker JT, Pinter PJ, Reginato RJ, Kanemasu ET. 1986. Effects of temperature on leaf appearance in spring and winter wheat cultivars. Agronomy Journal. 78:605–613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer A, Frank A, Black A. 1984. Estimation of spring wheat leaf growth rates and anthesis from air temperature. Agronomy Journal. 76:829–835.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry PM, Sylvester-Bradley R, Berry S. 2007. Ideotype design for lodging-resistant wheat. Euphytica. 154:165–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biscoe PV, Gallagher JN. 1977. Weather, dry matter production and yield. In: JJ Landsberg, CV Cutting, editors. Environmental effects on crop physiology. London: Academic Press; p. 75–100.
   Google Scholar
• Bréda NJJ. 2003. Ground-based measurements of leaf area index: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies. Journal of Experimental Botany. 54:2403–2417. doi:10.1093/jxb/erg263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakwizira E. 2021. Crop and nutrient harvest indices for spring wheat genotypes grown with different fertiliser and carbon dioxide levels, under field and controlled environments. PhD, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand. 212 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Chakwizira E, Dawson AE, Stafford A. 2020. Calibration of a Yara N-tester chlorophyll meter. Agronomy New Zealand. 50:15–24.
   Google Scholar
• Chakwizira E, de Ruiter JM, Maley S, Dellow SJ, George MJ, Michel AJ. 2014. Water use efficiency of fodder beet crops. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association. 76:125–134.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman H, Bannister P. 1994. Vegetative production and performance of Calluna vulgaris in New Zealand, with particular reference to Tongariro National Park. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 18:109–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirilo AG, Andrade FH. 1994. Sowing date and maize productivity: I. Crop growth and dry matter partitioning. Crop Science. 34:1039–1043. doi:10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400040037x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craigie RA, Brown HE, George MJ. 2015. Grain yield of winter feed wheat in response to sowing date and sowing rate. Agronomy New Zealand. 45:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Dai J, Bean B, Brown B, Bruening W, Edwards J, Flowers M, Karow R, Lee C, Morgan G, Ottman M, et al. 2016. Harvest index and straw yield of five classes of wheat. Biomass and Bioenergy. 85:223–227. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.12.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donald CM. 1962. In search of yield. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science. 28:171–178.
   Google Scholar
• Ellen J, Spiertz JHJ. 1980. Effects of rate and timing of nitrogen dressings on grain yield formation of winter wheat (T. aestivum L.). Fertilizer Research. 1:177–190. doi:10.1007/bf01053130.
   Google Scholar
• Erisman JW, Sutton MA, Galloway J, Klimont Z, Winiwarter W. 2008. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world. Nature Geoscience. 1:636–639. doi:10.1038/ngeo325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAOSTAT. 2021. FAOSTAT data. In FAO statistical database. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
   Google Scholar
• [FAR] Foundation for Arable Research. 2019. FAR- Cultivar evalution. In 2017/18 season edn. pp. 30. Foundation for Arable Research (FAR): Christchurch, New Zealand. https://www.far.org.nz/assets/files/editable//6dacf9ab-b0a7-45f8-aa45-99b74449fa1a.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer R, Aguilar I, Laing D. 1977. Post-anthesis sink size in a high-yielding dwarf wheat: yield response to grain number. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 28:165–175. doi:10.1071/AR9770165.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher JN, Biscoe PV. 1978. Radiation absorption, growth and yield of cereals. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 91:47–60. doi:10.1017/S0021859600056616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifford RM, Thorne JH, Hitz WD, Giaquinta RT. 1984. Crop productivity and photoassimilate partitioning. Science (New York, N.Y.). 225:801–808. doi:10.1126/science.225.4664.801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gmeling-Meyling HD. 1973. Effects of light intensity temperature and day length on the rate of leaf appearance in maize. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science. 21:68–76.
   Google Scholar
• Grindlay DJC. 1997. Towards an explanation of crop nitrogen demand based on the optimization of leaf nitrogen per leaf area. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge. 128:377–396. doi:10.1017/S0021859697004310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamnér K, Weih M, Eriksson J, Kirchmann H. 2017. Influence of nitrogen supply on macro- and micronutrient accumulation during growth of winter wheat. Field Crops Research. 213:118–129. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton JG, McCloy BL, McMillan DR. 1981. Ear populations and wheat production. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 9:185–189. doi:10.1080/03015521.1981.10427826.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay RKM. 1995. Harvest index: a review of its use in plant breeding and crop physiology. Annals of Applied Biology. 126:197–216. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1995.tb05015.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, Le Gouis J, Stratonovitch P, Allard V, Gaju O, Heumez E, Orford S, Griffiths S, Snape JW, Foulkes MJ, et al. 2012. Simulation of environmental and genotypic variations of final leaf number and anthesis date for wheat. European Journal of Agronomy. 42:22–33. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2011.11.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedden P. 2003. The genes of the Green Revolution. Trends in Genetics. 19:5–9. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(02)00009-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hipps LE, Asrar G, Kanemasu ET. 1983. Assessing the interception of photosynthetically active radiation in winter wheat. Agricultural Meteorology. 28:253–259. doi:10.1016/0002-1571(83)90030-4.
   Google Scholar
• Hodges H. 1991. Predicting crop phenology. Boston: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson PD, Francis GS, Wilson DR, Martin RJ. 1995. Effects of water deficits on evapotranspiration from barley. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 76:41–58. doi:10.1016/0168-1923(94)02214-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson PD, Munro CA. 1999. A simple method for the phenological evaluation of new cereal cultivars. Agronomy New Zealand. 29:63–68.
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson PD, Semenov MA. 2000. Modelling nitrogen uptake and redistribution in wheat. Field Crops Research. 68:21–29. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00103-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby EJM. 1988. Analysis of leaf, stem and ear growth in wheat from terminal spikelet stage to anthesis. Field Crops Research. 18:127–140. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(88)90004-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafond GP, Baker RJ. 1986. Effects of genotype and seed size on speed of emergence and seedling vigor in nine spring wheat cultivars. Crop Science. 26:341–346. doi:10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600020027x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammerts van Bueren ET, Struik PC. 2017. Diverse concepts of breeding for nitrogen use efficiency. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 37:50. doi:10.1007/s13593-017-0457-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemaire G, Jeuffroy M-H, Gastal F. 2008. Diagnosis tool for plant and crop N status in vegetative stage: theory and practices for crop N management. European Journal of Agronomy. 28:614–624. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloy BL. 1980. Improving wheat yields: a review. In Proceedings of the 29th Lincoln College Farmers’ Conference (1979), p. 295–305, Lincoln, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Meinke H, Hammer GL, van Keulen H, Rabbinge R. 1998. Improving wheat simulation capabilities in Australia from a cropping systems perspective III. The integrated wheat model (I_WHEAT). European Journal of Agronomy. 8:101–116. doi:10.1016/S1161-0301(97)00015-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molero G, Joynson R, Pinera-Chavez FJ, Gardiner L-J, Rivera-Amado C, Hall A, Reynolds MP. 2019. Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 17(7):1276–1288. doi:10.1111/pbi.13052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsi M, Saeki T. 2004. On the factor light in plant communities and its importance for dry matter production. Annals of Botany. 95:549–567. doi:10.1093/aob/mci052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteith JL. 1972. Solar radiation and productivity in tropical ecosystems. Journal of Ecology. 9:747–766. doi:10.2307/2401901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteith JL. 1977. Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London. 281:277–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteith JL. 1981. Climatic variation and the growth of crops. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 107:749–774. doi:10.1002/qj.49710745402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mountier NS, Griggs JL, Oomen GAC. 1966. Sources of error in advisory soil tests. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 9:328–338. doi:10.1080/00288233.1966.10420784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchow RC, Carberry PS. 1989. Environmental control of phenology and leaf growth in a tropically adapted maize. Field Crops Research. 20:221–236. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(89)90081-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchow RC, Sinclair TR. 1994. Nitrogen response of leaf photosynthesis and canopy radiation use efficiency in field-grown maize and sorghum. Crop Science. 34(3):721–727. doi:10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400030022x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen TD, Heenan PB, De Meyer SE, James TK, Chen W-M, Morton JD, Andrews M. 2017. Genetic diversity and nitrogen fixation of mesorhizobia symbionts of New Zealand endemic Sophora species. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 55:466–478. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2017.1376689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls A, van der Weerden T, Morton JD, Metherell AK, Sneath G. 2012. Managing soil fertility on cropping farms. In: A Roberts, JD Morton, editors. Fertresearch's bulletin. Wellington: New Zealand Fertiliser Manufacturers’ Research Association; p. 1–63.
   Google Scholar
• NIWA. 2019. Climate database- NIWA. http://www.cliflo.niwa.co.nz.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connell MG, O'Leary GJ, Whitfield DM, Connor DJ. 2004. Interception of photosynthetically active radiation and radiation-use efficiency of wheat, field pea and mustard in a semi-arid environment. Field Crops Research. 85:111–124. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00156-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltonen-Sainio P, Forsman K, Poutala T. 1997. Crop management effects on pre-and post-anthesis changes in leaf area index and leaf area duration and their contribution to grain yield and yield components in spring cereals. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 179:47–61. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1997.tb01146.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan S, Sehgal VK, Bandyopadhyay KK, Panigrahi P, Parihar CM, Jat SL. 2018. Radiation interception, extinction coefficient and use efficiency of wheat crop at various irrigation and nitrogen levels in a semi-arid location. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 23:416–425.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quintero A, Molero G, Reynolds MP, Calderini DF. 2018. Trade-off between grain weight and grain number in wheat depends on GxE interaction: A case study of an elite CIMMYT panel (CIMCOG). European Journal of Agronomy. 92:17–29. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2017.09.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadras VO, Lawson C. 2011. Genetic gain in yield and associated changes in phenotype, trait plasticity and competitive ability of South Australian wheat varieties released between 1958 and 2007. Crop and Pasture Science. 62:533–549. doi:10.1071/CP11060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semenov MA, Stratonovitch P. 2013. Designing high-yielding wheat ideotypes for a changing climate. Food and Energy Security. 2:185–196. doi:10.1002/fes3.34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma D, Anderson W. 2004. Small grain screenings in wheat: interactions of cultivars with season, site, and management practices. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 55:797–809. doi:10.1071/AR03265.
   Google Scholar
• Soil Survey Staff. 2015. Illustrated guide to soil taxonomy. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Centre, Lincoln, Nebraska.
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair TR, Horie T. 1989. Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and crop radiation use efficiency: a review. Crop Science. 29:90–98. doi:10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900010023x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slafer GA, Savin R, Pinochet D, Calderini DF. 2021. Chapter 3 - wheat. In: Sadras VO, Calderini DF, editors. Crop physiology case histories for major crops. Academic Press; p. 98–163. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-819194-1.00003-7.
   Google Scholar
• Stephen RC, Saville DJ, Drewitt EG. 2005. Effects of wheat seed rate and fertiliser nitrogen application practices on populations, grain yield components and grain yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 33:125–138. doi:10.1080/01140671.2005.9514341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szeicz G. 1974. Solar radiation in crop canopies. Journal of Applied Ecology. 11:117–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne GN, Pearman I, Day W, Todd AD. 1988. Estimation of radiation interception by winter wheat from measurements of leaf area. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 110:101–108. doi:10.1017/S0021859600079740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tollenaar M, Lee E. 2006. Physiological dissection of grain yield in maize by examining genetic improvement and heterosis. Maydica. 51:399–409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tollenaar M, Dwyer LM. 1999. Physiology of maize. In: DL Smith, C Hamel, editors. Crop yield: physiology and processes. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; p. 169–204.
   Google Scholar
• Vos J, Putten P, Birch CJ. 2005. Effect of nitrogen supply on leaf appearance, leaf growth, leaf nitrogen economy and photosynthetic capacity in maize (Zea mays L.). Field Crops Research. 93:64–73. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2004.09.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadan A. 2013. Predicting the effect of temperature on leaf appearance in seven spring bread wheat genotypes. Scientific Research and Review Journal. 1:46–51.
   Google Scholar
• Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research. 14:415–421. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar