3,879
Views
95
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Christian Religiosity and Voting for West European Radical Right Parties

Pages 985-1011 | Published online: 12 Aug 2009

References

  • Adorno , W. Theodor , Frenkel-Brunswik , Else , Levinson , Daniel J. and Nevitt Sanford , R. 1950 . The Authoritarian Personality , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Allport , Gordon W. and Kramer , Bernard M. 1946 . ‘Some Roots of Prejudice’ . The Journal of Psychology , 22 : 9 – 39 .
  • Allport , Gordon W and Ross , Michael J. 1967 . ‘Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice’ . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 5 ( 4 ) : 432 – 443 .
  • Altemeyer , Bob . 2003 . ‘Why do Religious Fundamentalists Tend to be Prejudiced?’ . International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 13 ( 1 ) : 17 – 28 .
  • Arendt , Hannah . 1951 . The Origins of Totalitarianism , New York : Harcourt, Brace and Co .
  • Argue , Amy , David , Johnson R. and Lynn , White K. 1999 . ‘Age and Religiosity: Evidence from a Three-Wave Panel Analysis’ . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 38 ( 3 ) : 423 – 435 .
  • Arzheimer , Kai and Carter , Elisabeth . 2006 . ‘Political Opportunity Structures and Right-Wing Extremist Party Success’ . European Journal of Political Research , 45 ( 3 ) : 419 – 443 .
  • Bartle , John . 1998 . ‘Left–Right Position Matters, but does Social Class? Causal Models of the 1992 British General Election’ . British Journal of Political Science , 28 ( 3 ) : 501 – 529 .
  • Berman , Sheri . 1997 . ‘Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic’ . World Politics , 49 ( 3 ) : 401 – 429 .
  • Betz , Hans-Georg . 1994 . Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe , London : Macmillan .
  • Billiet , B. Jaak . 1995 . ‘Church Involvement, Ethnocentrism, and Voting for a Radical Right-Wing Party: Diverging Behavioral Outcomes of Equal Attitudinal Dispositions’ . Sociology of Religion , 56 ( 3 ) : 303 – 326 .
  • Billiet , Jaak and De Witte , Hans . 1995 . ‘Attitudinal Dispositions to Vote for a “New” Extreme Right-Wing Party: The Case of “Vlaams Blok”’ . European Journal of Political Research , 27 ( 2 ) : 181 – 202 .
  • Billiet , Jaak , Carton , Ann and Eisinga , Rob . 1995 . ‘Contrasting Effects of Church Involvement on the Dimensions of Ethnocentrism: An Empirical Study among Flemish Catholics’ . Social Compass , 42 ( 1 ) : 97 – 107 .
  • Broughton , David and ten Napel , Hans-Martien . 2000 . Religion and Mass Electoral Behaviour in Europe , London : Routledge .
  • Carter , Elisabeth . 2005 . The Extreme Right in Western Europe: Success or Failure? , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
  • Childers , Thomas . 1983 . The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919–1933 , Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina Press .
  • Coenders , Marcel and Scheepers , Peer . 2003 . ‘The Effects of Education on Nationalism and Ethnic Exclusionism: An International Comparison’ . Political Psychology , 24 ( 2 ) : 313 – 343 .
  • Crewe , Ivor . 1983 . ‘The Electorate: Partisan Dealignment Ten Years On’ . West European Politics , 6 ( 4 ) : 183 – 215 .
  • Crewe , Ivor and Särlvik , Bo . 1983 . Decade of Dealignment , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Dalton , J. Russell . 1996 . “ ‘Political Cleavages, Issues and Electoral Change’ ” . In Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective , Edited by: LeDuc , Lawrence , Niemi , Richard G. and Norris , Pippa . 319 – 342 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Dalton , J. Russell , Flanagan , Scott C. and Allan Beck , Paul . 1984 . Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment? , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Della Porta , Donatella . 2002 . ‘Immigration and Protest: New Challenges for Italian Democracy’ . South European Society and Politics , 5 ( 3 ) : 108 – 132 .
  • Eisinga , Rob , Billiet , Jaak and Felling , Albert . 1999 . ‘Christian Religion and Ethnic Prejudice in Cross-national Perspective: A Comparative Analysis of the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium)’ . International Journal of Comparative Sociology , 40 ( 3 ) : 375 – 393 .
  • Eisinga , Rob , Felling , Albert and Peters , Jan . 1990 . ‘Religious Belief, Church Involvement, and Ethnocentrism in the Netherlands’ . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 29 ( 1 ) : 54 – 75 .
  • Fallend , Franz . 2004 . “ ‘The Rejuvenation of an “Old Party”? Christian Democracy in Austria’ ” . In Christian Democratic Parties in Europe since the End of the Cold War , Edited by: van Hecke , Steven and Gerard , Emmanuel . 79 – 104 . Leuven : Leuven University Press .
  • Falter , W. Jürgen . 1991 . Hitlers Wähler , Munich : Beck .
  • Girvin , Brian . 2000 . “ ‘The Political Culture of Secularization: European Trends and Comparative Perspectives’ ” . In Religion and Mass Electoral Behaviour in Europe , Edited by: Broughton , David and Napel , Hans-Martien ten . 7 – 27 . London : Routledge .
  • Glock , Y. Charles and Stark , Rodney . 1966 . Christian Beliefs and Anti-Semitism , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Gorsuch , L Richard and Aleshire , Daniel . 1974 . ‘Christian Faith and Ethnic Prejudice: A Review and Interpretation of Research’ . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 13 ( 3 ) : 281 – 307 .
  • Grunberger , Richard . 1971 . A Social History of the Third Reich , London : Penguin .
  • Hanley , David . 1994 . Christian Democracy in Europe: A Comparative Perspective , London : Pinter .
  • Ignazi , Piero . 1992 . ‘The Silent Counter-Revolution: Hypotheses on the Emergence of Extreme Right-Wing Parties in Europe’ . European Journal of Political Research , 22 ( 1 ) : 3 – 34 .
  • Johnson , C. Daniel . 1997 . ‘Formal Education vs. Religious Belief: Soliciting New Evidence with Multinomial Logit Modeling’ . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 36 ( 2 ) : 231 – 246 .
  • Kitschelt , Herbert . 1995 . The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis , Ann Arbor , MI : University of Michigan Press .
  • Kornhauser , William . 1959 . The Politics of Mass Society , London : The Free Press .
  • Lipset , Martin Seymour . 1971 . Political Man , London : Heinemann .
  • Lubbers , Marcel and Scheepers , Peer . 2000 . ‘Individual and Contextual Characteristics of the German Extreme Right-Wing Vote in the 1990s: A Test of Complementary Theories’ . European Journal of Political Research , 38 ( 1 ) : 63 – 94 .
  • Lubbers , Marcel , Gijsberts , Mérove and Scheepers , Peer . 2002 . ‘Extreme Right-Wing Voting in Western Europe’ . European Journal of Political Research , 41 ( 3 ) : 345 – 378 .
  • Lucardie , Paul and ten Napel , Hans-Martien . 1994 . “ ‘Between Confessionalism and Liberal Conservatism: the Christian Democratic Parties of Belgium and the Netherlands’ ” . In Christian Democracy in Europe: A Comparative Perspective , Edited by: Hanley , David . 51 – 70 . London : Pinter .
  • Madeley , John T.S. 2004 . “ ‘Life at the Northern Margin: Christian Democracy in Scandinavia’ ” . In Christian Democratic Parties in Europe since the End of the Cold War , Edited by: Hecke , Steven van and Gerard , Emmanuel . 217 – 241 . Leuven : Leuven University Press .
  • Mair , Peter , Müller , Wolfgang C. and Plasser , Fritz . 2004 . “ ‘Introduction: Electoral Challenges and Party Responses’ ” . In Political Parties and Electoral Change , Edited by: Mair , Peter , Müller , Wolfgang C. and Plasser , Fritz . 1 – 19 . London : Sage .
  • Mayer , Nonna . 1998 . ‘The Front National in the Plural’ . Patterns of Prejudice , 32 ( 1 ) : 4 – 24 .
  • Mayer , Nonna and Perrineau , Pascal . 1992 . ‘Why do they Vote for Le Pen?’ . European Journal of Political Research , 22 ( 1 ) : 127 – 141 .
  • McGann , J. Anthony and Kitschelt , Herbert . 2005 . ‘The Radical Right in the Alps: Evolution of Support for the Swiss SVP and Austrian FPÖ’ . Party Politics , 11 ( 2 ) : 147 – 171 .
  • Middleton , Russell . 1973 . ‘Do Christian Beliefs Cause Anti-Semitism?’ . American Sociological Review , 38 ( 1 ) : 33 – 52 .
  • Miller , S. Alan and Stark , Rodney . 2002 . ‘Gender and Religiousness: Can Socialization Explanations be Saved?’ . American Journal of Sociology , 107 ( 6 ) : 1399 – 1423 .
  • Miller , E. Warren and Shanks , J. Merrill . 1996 . The New American Voter , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Minkenberg , Michael . 2003 . ‘The Policy Impact of Church–State Relations: Family Policy and Abortion in Britain, France, and Germany’ . West European Politics , 26 ( 1 ) : 195 – 217 .
  • Mommsen , Hans . 1996 . The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy , Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina Press .
  • Mudde , Cas . 2007 . Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Muthén , O. Bengt . 2004 . Mplus Technical Appendices , Los Angeles , CA : Muthén and Muthén . available at http://statmodel.com/download/techappen.pdf (accessed 29 November 2005)
  • Newell , L. James . 2000 . ‘Italy: The Extreme Right comes in from the Cold’ . Parliamentary Affairs , 53 ( 3 ) : 469 – 485 .
  • Norris , Pippa . 2005 . Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Norris , Pippa and Inglehart , Ronald . 2004 . Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Petersen , R. Larry and Takayama , Peter K. 1984 . ‘Religious Commitment and Conservatism: Toward Understanding an Elusive Relationship’ . Sociological Analysis , 45 : 355 – 371 .
  • Pettigrew , F. Thomas . 1959 . ‘Regional Differences in Anti-Negro Prejudice’ . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 59 ( 1 ) : 28 – 36 .
  • Ploch , R. Donald . 1974 . “ ‘Religion as an Independent Variable: A Critique of Some Major Research’ ” . In Changing Perspectives in the Scientific Study of Religion , Edited by: Eister , Allan W . 275 – 294 . New York : Wiley and Sons .
  • Rokeach , Milton . 1960 . The Open and Closed Mind: Investigations into the Nature of Belief Systems and Personality Systems , New York : Basic Books .
  • Roof , Clark Wade . 1974 . ‘Religious Orthodoxy and Minority Prejudice: Causal Relationship or Reflection of Localistic World View?’ . American Journal of Sociology , 80 : 643 – 664 .
  • Royston , Patrick . 2005 . ‘Multiple Imputation of Missing Values: Update of Ice’ . The Stata Journal , 5 : 188 – 201 .
  • Rubin , B. Donald . 1987 . Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys , New York : Wiley .
  • Scarbrough , Elinor . 1984 . Political Ideology and Voting: An Exploratory Study , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Scheepers , Peer , Gijsberts , Mérove and Hello , Evelyn . 2002 . ‘Religiosity and Prejudice against Ethnic Minorities in Europe: Cross-national Tests on a Controversial Relationship’ . Review of Religious Research , 43 ( 3 ) : 242 – 265 .
  • Studlar , T. Donley . 1978 . ‘Religion and White Racial Attitudes in Britain’ . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 1 ( 3 ) : 306 – 315 .
  • Sumner , Graham William . 1906 . Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores and Morals , Boston , MA : Ginn .
  • Taggart , Paul . 1995 . ‘New Populist Parties in Western Europe’ . West European Politics , 18 ( 1 ) : 34 – 51 .
  • Van Buuren , Stef and Oudshoorn , Karin . 1999 . Flexible Multivariate Imputation by MICE , Leiden : TNO Prevention and Health . available at http://web.inter.nl.net/users/S.van.Buuren/mi/docs/rapport99054.pdf (accessed 7 October 2005)
  • Van der Brug , Wouter . 2003 . ‘How the LPF Fuelled Discontent: Empirical Tests of Explanations of LPF Support’ . Acta Politica , 38 ( 1 ) : 89 – 106 .
  • Van der Brug , Wouter and Fennema , Meindert . 2003 . ‘Protest or Mainstream? How the European Anti-Immigrant Parties Developed into Two Separate Groups by 1999’ . European Journal of Political Research , 42 ( 1 ) : 55 – 76 .
  • Van der Brug , Wouter , Fennema , Meindert and Tillie , Jean . 2000 . ‘Anti-Immigrant Parties in Europe: Ideological or Protest Vote?’ . European Journal of Political Research , 37 ( 1 ) : 77 – 102 .
  • Van Hecke , Steven and Gerard , Emmanuel . 2004 . Christian Democratic Parties in Europe since the End of the Cold War , Leuven : Leuven University Press .
  • Veugelers , John W.P. 2000 . ‘Right-Wing Extremism in Contemporary France: A “Silent Counterrevolution”?’ . Sociological Quarterly , 41 ( 1 ) : 19 – 40 .
  • Walter , Tony and Davie , Grace . 1998 . ‘The Religiosity of Women in the Modern West’ . British Journal of Sociology , 49 ( 4 ) : 640 – 660 .
  • Weakliem , L. David . 2002 . ‘The Effects of Education on Political Opinions: An International Study’ . International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 14 ( 2 ) : 141 – 157 .
  • Westle , Bettina and Niedermayer , Oskar . 1992 . ‘Contemporary Right-Wing Extremism in West Germany: “The Republicans” and their Electorate’ . European Journal of Political Research , 22 ( 1 ) : 83 – 100 .
  • Ziebertz , Hans-Georg , Kay , William K. and Riegel , Ulrich . 2009 . Youth in Europe III , Münster : LIT .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.