Does Cohabitation Matter? French European Policy-Making in the Context of Divided Government

References

• Ackrill , R. W. 2000 . ‘CAP Reform 1999: A Crisis in the Making’ . Journal of Common Market Studies , 38 ( 2 ) : 343 – 353 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alesina , Alberto and Rosenthal , Howard . 1995 . Partisan Politics, Divided Government, and the Economy , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Attali , Jacques . 1995 . Verbatim II, 1986–1988 , Paris : Fayard .
   Google Scholar
• Banks , Jeffrey . 1990 . ‘Monopoly Agenda Control with Asymmetric Information’ . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 105 : 445 – 464 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bawn , Kathleen . 1999 . ‘Money and Majorities in the Federal Republic of Germany: Evidence for a Veto Players Model of Government Spending’ . American Journal of Political Science , 43 ( 3 ) : 707 – 736 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergounioux , Alain and Grunberg , Gérard . 1992 . Le long remords du pouvoir. Le Parti socialiste français (1905–1992) , Paris : Fayard .
   Google Scholar
• Blondel Jean Ferdinand Müller-Rommel Governing Together. The Extent and Limits of Joint Decision Making in Western European Cabinets Macmillan London 1993
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , Charles . 2000 . Veto Bargaining: Presidents and the Politics of Negative Power , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carcassonne , Guy . 1997 . ‘Le Premier Ministre et le domaine dit réservé’ . Pouvoirs , 83 : 65 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Chevallier , Jean-Jacques and Conac , Gérard . 1991 . Histoire des institutions et des régimes politiques de la France de 1789 à nos jours , Paris : Dalloz .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Samy . 1986 . La monarchie nucléaire. Les coulisses de la politique étrangère sous la Cinquième République , Paris : Hachette .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Samy . 2000 . ‘La diplomatie française dans la cohabitation’ . Esprit , 264 : 45 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohendet , Marie-Anne . 1993 . La Cohabitation: Leçons d'une expérience , Paris : Presses Universitaires de France .
   Google Scholar
• Colomer , Josep M. 2001 . Political Institutions. Democracy and Social Choice , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , Olivier , Couvidat , Anne and Daloz , Jean-Pascal . 2003 . “ ‘The French Presidency of 2000. An arrogant leader?’ ” . In European Union Council Presidencies. A Comparative Perspective , Edited by: Elgström , Ole . 120 – 137 . London and New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Delauche-Gaudez , Florence . 2002 . “ ‘France: A Member State Losing Influence?’ ” . In The Amsterdam Treaty. National Preference Formation, Interstate Bargaining and Outcome , Edited by: Finn , Laursen . 139 – 160 . Odense : Odense University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Devaquet , Alain . 1988 . L'amibe et l'étudiant. Université et recherche: l'état d'urgence , Paris : Odile Jacob .
   Google Scholar
• Dinan , Desmond . 1999 . Ever Closer Union. An Introduction to European Integration , Houndmills : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Dunleavy , P. and Rhodes , R. A.W. 1990 . ‘Core Executive Studies in Britain’ . Public Administration , 68 : 3 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duverger , Maurice . 1974 . La monarchie republicaine – ou comment les démocraties se donnent des rois , Paris : Robert Laffont .
   Google Scholar
• Duverger , Maurice . 1980 . ‘A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government’ . European Journal of Political Research , 8 ( 2 ) : 165 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgie , Robert . 1993 . The Role of the Prime Minister in France, 1981–91 , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Elgie , Robert . 1997 . ‘Models of Executive Politics: A Framework for the Study of Executive Power Relations in Parliamentary and Semi-Presidential Regimes’ . Political Studies , 45 ( 2 ) : 217 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgie Robert Divided Government in Comparative Perspective Oxford University Press Oxford 2001a
   Google Scholar
• Elgie , Robert . 2001b . “ ‘What is Divided Government?’ ” . In Divided Government in Comparative Perspective , Edited by: Elgie , Robert . 1 – 20 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Favier , Pierre and Martin-Roland , Michel . 1991 . La Décennie Mitterrand, t. II: Les Épreuves (1984–1988) , Paris : Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Fiorina , Morris . 1992 . Divided Government , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Fournier , Jacques . 1987 . ‘Politique gouvernementale: Les Trois Leviers du Président’ . Pouvoirs , 41 : 63 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• George Alexander L. Bennet Andrew Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences MIT Press Cambridge 2005
   Google Scholar
• Gerring , John . 2004 . ‘What is a Case Study and What is it Good for?’ . American Political Science Review , 98 ( 2 ) : 341 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , Mark and Stubb , Alexander . 2001 . ‘Keynote Article: The Treaty of Nice – Negotiating a Poisoned Chalice?’ . Journal of Common Market Studies , 39 : 5 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guigou , Elisabeth . 2000 . Une femme au cœur de l'État (Entretiens avec Pierre Favier et Michel Martin-Roland) , Paris : Fayard .
   Google Scholar
• Guillot , Philippe Ch.-A. 2001 . “ ‘Cohabitation et relations internationals: du domaine réservé au domaine disputé’ ” . In La cohabitation – fin de la République? , Edited by: Frédéric , Rouvillois . 153 – 172 . Paris : François-Xavier de Guibert .
   Google Scholar
• Guyomarch , Alain , Machin , Howard and Ritchie , Ella . 1998 . France in the European Union , Houndmills , Basingstoke and London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Hix , Simon . 2008 . What's Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix it , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Howarth , David . 2002 . ‘The European Policy of the Jospin Government: A New Twist to Old French Games’ . Modern and Contemporary France , 10 ( 3 ) : 353 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Howorth , Jolyon . 1993 . “ ‘The President's Special Position in Foreign and Defence Policy’ ” . In De Gaulle to Mitterrand: Presidential Power in France , Edited by: Jack , Hayward . 150 – 189 . London : Hurst .
   Google Scholar
• Huber , John D. 1996 . Rationalizing Parliament. Legislative Institutions and Party Politics in France , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Immergut , Ellen . 1992 . Health Politics: Interests und Institutions in Western Europe , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jérôme , Bruno , Jérôme-Speziari , Véronique and Lewis-Beck , Michael S. 2003 . ‘Reordering the French Election Calendar: Forecasting the Consequences for 2002’ . European Journal of Political Research , 42 : 425 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser , André . 1998 . ‘Vetopunkte einer Demokratie. Eine Kritik neuerer Ansätze der Demokratietypologie und ein Alternativvorschlag’ . Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen , 29 : 525 – 541 .
   Google Scholar
• Kessler , Marie-Christine . 1999 . La politique étrangère de la France. Acteurs et processus , Paris : Presses de Science Po .
   Google Scholar
• King , Gary , Keohane , Robert and Verba , Sidney . 1994 . Designing Social Inquiry. Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lacouture , Jean . 1998 . Mitterrand, une histoire de Français, t. 2 , Paris : Editions du Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Laver , Michael and Shepsle , Kenneth . 1996 . Making and Breaking Governments: Cabinets and Legislatures in Parliamentary Democracies , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Laver , Michael and Shepsle , Kenneth A. 1990 . ‘Coalitions and Cabinet Government’ . American Political Science Review , 84 : 873 – 890 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laver , Michael and Shepsle , Kenneth A. 1991 . ‘Divided Government: America is not Exceptional’ . Governance , 4 : 250 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Laver Michael Kenneth A. Shepsle Cabinet Ministers and Parliamentary Government Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1994
   Google Scholar
• Lequesne , Christian . 1993 . Paris-Bruxelles. Comment se fait la politique européenne de la France , Paris : Presses de la fondation nationale des sciences politiques .
   Google Scholar
• Leuffen , Dirk . 2007 . Cohabitation und Europapolitik. Politische Entscheidungsprozesse im Mehrebenensystem , Baden-Baden : Nomos .
   Google Scholar
• Linhart , Eric . 2006 . Die Erklärungskraft spiel- und tauschtheoretischer Verhandlungsmodelle in Abhängigkeit vom Institutionalisierungsgrad des Verhandlungssystems , Mannheim : Mannheim University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lipset , Seymour Martin . 1963 . Political Man. The Social Bases of Politics , New York : Anchor Books .
   Google Scholar
• Longuet , Patrick . 2001 . “ ‘La Cinquième République entre l'enclume communautaire et le marteau de la cohabitation’ ” . In La cohabitation – fin de la République? , Edited by: Frédéric , Rouvillois . 91 – 114 . Paris : François-Xavier de Guibert .
   Google Scholar
• Mansfield , Edward D. , Milner , Helen C. and Pevehouse , Jon C. 2007 . ‘Vetoing Co-operation: The Impact of Veto Players on Preferential Trading Arrangements’ . British Journal of Political Science , 37 : 403 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks Gary Marco Steenbergen European Integration and Political Conflict Cambridge University Press Cambridge 2004
   Google Scholar
• Massot , Jean . 1993 . Chef de l'État et chef du gouvernement: Dyarchie et hiérarchie , Paris : La documentation française .
   Google Scholar
• Massot , Jean . 1997 . Alternance et cohabitation sous la Ve République , Paris : La documentation française .
   Google Scholar
• Mayhew , David R. 1991 . Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations, 1946–1990 , New Haven : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Menon , Anand . 2000 . “ ‘France’ ” . In The National Co-ordination of EU Policy. The Domestic Level , Edited by: Hussein , Kassim , Peters , B. G. and Wright , Vincent . 79 – 98 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Meunier , Sophie . 1998 . “ ‘Divided but United: European Trade Policy Integration and EC-US Agricultural Negotiations in the Uruguay Round’ ” . In The European Union in the World Community , Edited by: Carolyn , Rhodes . 193 – 211 . Boulder , CO : Lynne Rienner .
   Google Scholar
• Milner , Helen . 1997 . Interests, Institutions, and Information. Domestic Politics and International Relations , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moravcsik , Andrew . 1998 . The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht , Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moscovici , Pierre . 1999 . Au cœur de l'Europe , Paris : Le Pré aux Clercs .
   Google Scholar
• Nicolaidis , Kalypso and Sophie , Meunier . 2002 . “ ‘Revisiting Trade Competence in the European Union: Amsterdam, Nice and Beyond’ ” . In Institutional Challenges in the European Union , Edited by: Madeleine , O. , van Deemen , Hosli Adrian and Widgren , Mike . 173 – 201 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• North , Douglas C. 1990 . Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , Craig . 2003 . A Certain Idea of Europe , Ithaca , NY and London : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , G. Bingham . 1991 . ‘Divided Government as a Pattern of Governance’ . : 231 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , Robert . 1988 . ‘Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games’ . International Organization , 42 ( 3 ) : 427 – 460 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quermonne , Jean-Louis and Chagnollot , Dominique . 1991 . Le gouvernement de la France sous la Vième République , Paris .
   Google Scholar
• Raimond , Jean-Bernard . 1989 . Le Quai d'Orsay à l'épreuve de la cohabitation , Paris : Flammarion .
   Google Scholar
• Romer , Thomas and Rosenthal , Howard . 1978 . ‘Political Resource Allocation, Controlled Agendas, and the Status Quo’ . Public Choice , 33 ( 4 ) : 27 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , George . 2000 . “ ‘Europe becomes French Domestic Politics’ ” . In How France Votes , Edited by: Lewis-Beck , Michael S. 87 – 114 . New York and London : Chatham House .
   Google Scholar
• Scharpf , Fritz W. 1997 . Games Real Actors Play. Actor-centred Institutionalism in Policy Research , Boulder , CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Schelling , Thomas C. 1960 . The Strategy of Conflict , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schrameck , Olivier . 2001 . Matignon Rive Gauche 1997–2001 , Paris : Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Stokman , Frans and Thomson , Robert . 2004 . ‘Winners and Losers in the European Union’ . European Union Politics , 5 ( 1 ) : 5 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strom , Kaare and Müller , Wolfgang C. 1999 . “ ‘Political Parties and Hard Choices’ ” . In Policy, Office or Votes? How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions , Edited by: Müller , Wolfgang C. and Strom , Kaare . 1 – 35 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sundquist , James L. 1988 . ‘Needed: A Political Theory for the New Era of Coalition Government in the United States’ . Political Science Quarterly , 103 : 613 – 635 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiébault , Jean-Louis . 1994 . “ ‘The Political Autonomy of Cabinet Ministers in the French Fifth Republic’ ” . In Cabinet Ministers and Parliamentary Government , Edited by: Laver , Michael and Shepsle , Kenneth A. 139 – 149 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tsebelis , George . 2000 . ‘Veto Players and Institutional Analysis’ . Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration , 13 ( 4 ) : 441 – 474 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsebelis , George . 2002 . Veto Players: An Introduction to Institutional Analysis , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , Kent R. and Rockman , Bert A. 1993 . “ ‘Assessing the Effects of Institutions’ ” . In Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States und Abroad , Edited by: Weaver , Kent R. and Rockman , Bert A. 1 – 41 . Washington , DC : Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Woolcock , Stephen and Hodges , Michael . 1996 . “ ‘EU Policy in the Uruguay Round’ ” . In Policy Making in the European Union , Edited by: Wallace , Helen and Wallace , William . 301 – 324 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , Vincent . 1989 . The Government and Politics of France , London : Unwin Hyman .
   Google Scholar