Drifting Further Apart: National Parties and their Electorates on the EU Dimension

References

• Achen , Christopher H. 1978 . ‘Measuring Representation’ . American Journal of Political Science , 22 ( 3 ) : 475 – 510 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit , Kenneth and Laver , Michael . 2006 . Party Policy in Modern Democracies , Abingdon : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Carrubba , Clifford J. 2001 . ‘The Electoral Connection in European Union Politics’ . Journal of Politics , 63 ( 1 ) : 141 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czesnik, Mikolaj, Michal Kotnarowski, and Radoslaw Markowski (2010). EES (2009) Contextual dataset Codebook, Advance Release, 16 May, available at http://www.piredeu.eu (accessed 12 March 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Dalton , Russell J. 1985 . ‘Political Parties and Political Representation: Party Supporters and Party Elites in Nine Nations’ . Comparative Political Studies , 18 ( 3 ) : 267 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries , Catherine E. 2007 . ‘Sleeping Giant: Fact or Fairytale? How European Integration Affects National Elections’ . European Union Politics , 8 ( 3 ) : 363 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries , Catherine E. 2010 . ‘EU Issue Voting: Asset or Liability? How European Integration Affects Parties’ Electoral Fortunes' . European Union Politics , 11 ( 1 ) : 89 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries , Catherine E. and Tillman , Erik R. 2011 . ‘European Union Issue Voting in East and West Europe: The Role of Political Context’ . Comparative European Politics , 9 ( 1 ) : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries , Catherine E. , der Brug , Wouter van , van Egmond , Marcel H. and van der Eijk , Cees . 2011 . ‘Individual and Contextual Variation in EU Issue Voting: The Role of Political Information’ . Electoral Studies , 30 ( 1 ) : 16 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döring , Holger and Manow , Philip . 2010 . Parliament and Government Composition Database (ParlGov) available at http://www.parlgov.org (accessed 12 March 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Ezrow , Lawrence . 2010 . Linking Citizens and Parties: How Electoral Systems Matter for Political Representation , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ezrow , Lawrence , De Vries , Catherine , Steenbergen , Marco and Edwards , Erica . 2011 . ‘Mean Voter Representation and Partisan Constituency Representation: Do Parties Respond to the Mean Voter Position or to their Supporters’ . Party Politics , 17 ( 3 ) : 275 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin , Mark N. and Wlezien , Christopher . 1997 . ‘The Responsive Public: Issue Salience, Policy Change, and Preferences for European Unification’ . Journal of Theoretical Politics , 9 ( 3 ) : 347 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golder , Matt and Stramski , Jacek . 2010 . ‘Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions’ . American Journal of Political Science , 54 ( 1 ) : 90 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera , Cheryl Lin , Herrera , Richard and Smith , Eric R.A.N. 1992 . ‘Public Opinion and Congressional Representation’ . Public Opinion Quarterly , 56 ( 2 ) : 185 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hix , Simon . 1999 . ‘Dimensions and Alignments in European Union Politics: Cognitive Constraints and Partisan Responses’ . European Journal of Political Research , 35 ( 1 ) : 69 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt , Sara , Spoon , Jae-Jae and Tilley , James . 2009 . ‘A Vote Against Europe? Explaining Defection at the 1999 and 2004 European Parliament Elections’ . British Journal of Political Science , 39 ( 1 ) : 93 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg , Sören . 2000 . “ ‘Issue Agreement’ ” . In Beyond Westminster and Congress: The Nordic Experience , Edited by: Esaiasson , Peter and Heidar , Knut . 155 – 79 . Columbus , OH : Ohio State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe , Liesbet . 2007 . What Drives Euroskepticism? Vol. 8 , 1 Special Issue European Union Politics,
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe , Liesbet and Marks , Gary . 2007 . Europe's Blues — Understanding Euroscepticism , Special Issue Acta Politica , 42 : 2–3 .
   Google Scholar
• Kitschelt , Herbert . 2000 . ‘Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Democratic Polities’ . Comparative Political Studies , 33 ( 6–7 ) : 845 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitschelt , Herbert , Mansfeldova , Zdenka , Markowski , Radoslaw and Tóka , Gábor . 1999 . Post-Communist Party Systems: Competition, Representation, and Inter-Party Cooperation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Klingemann , Hans-Dieter . 1995 . “ ‘Party Positions and Voter Orientations’ ” . In Citizens and the State , Edited by: Klingemann , Hans-Dieter and Fuchs , Dieter . 183 – 205 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ladrech , Robert . 2012 . ‘Party Change and Europeanization: Elements of an Integrated Approach’ . West European Politics , 35 ( 2 ) : 574 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks , Gary and Steenbergen , Marco R. 2002 . Dimensions of Contestation in the European Union , Special Issue Comparative Political Studies , 35 : 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , Gary and Steenbergen , Marco R. 2004 . European Integration and Political Conflict , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , Gary , Hooghe , Liesbet , Steenbergen , Marco R. and Bakker , Ryan . 2007 . ‘Cross-Validating Data on Party Positioning on European Integration’ . Electoral Studies , 26 ( 1 ) : 23 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , Michael and Wessels , Bernhard . 1997 . ‘Territorial Representation’ . European Journal of Political Research , 32 ( 2 ) : 227 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila , Mikko and Raunio , Tapio . 2006 . ‘Cautious Voters – Supportive Parties: Opinion Congruence between Voters and Parties on the EU Dimension’ . European Union Politics , 7 ( 4 ) : 427 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila , Mikko and Raunio , Tapio . 2009 . ‘From Consensus to Competition? Ideological Alternatives on the EU Dimension’ . Comparative European Politics , 7 ( 3 ) : 325 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melchior , Ana Maria . 2010 . ‘Ideological Congruence among European Political Parties’ . Journal of Legislative Studies , 16 ( 1 ) : 121 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , Warren , Pierce , Roy , Thomassen , Jacques , Herrera , Richard , Holmberg , Sören , Esaiasson , Peter and Wessels , Bernhard . 1999 . Policy Representation in Western Democracies , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Netjes , Catherine E. and Binnema , Harmen A. 2007 . ‘The Salience of the European Integration Issue: Three Data Sources Compared’ . Electoral Studies , 26 ( 1 ) : 39 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennings , Paul . 2006 . ‘An Empirical Analysis of the Europeanization of National Party Manifestos, 1960–2003’ . European Union Politics , 7 ( 2 ) : 257 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce , Roy . 1999 . “ ‘Mass–Elite Issue Linkages and the Responsible Party Model of Representation’ ” . In Policy Representation in Western Democracies , Edited by: Miller , Warren . 9 – 32 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , G. Bingham Jr. 2004 . ‘Political Representation in Comparative Politics’ . Annual Review of Political Science , 7 : 273 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrschneider , Robert and Whitefield , Stephen . 2007 . ‘Representation in New Democracies: Party Stances on European Integration in Post-Communist Eastern Europe’ . The Journal of Politics , 69 ( 4 ) : 1133 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt , Hermann and Thomassen , Jacques . 2000 . ‘Dynamic Representation: The Case of European Integration’ . European Union Politics , 1 ( 3 ) : 318 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Schuck , Andreas , Xezonakis , Georgio , Banducci , Susan and H. de Vreese , Claes . 2010 . EES(2009) Media Study Data Advance Release Documentation 31 March, available at http://www.piredeu.eu (accessed 12 March 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Steenbergen , Marco R. and Scott , David J. 2004 . “ ‘Contesting Europe? The Salience of European Integration as a Party Issue’ ” . In European Integration and Political Conflict , Edited by: Marks , Gary and Steenbergen , Marco R. 165 – 92 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Szczerbiak , Aleks and Taggart , Paul . 2008 . Opposing Europe? The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism: Volume 1, Case Studies and Country Surveys , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomassen , Jacques . 1994 . “ ‘Empirical Research into Political Representation: Failing Democracy or Failing Models?’ ” . In Elections at Home and Abroad: Essays in Honor of Warren E. Miller , Edited by: Kent Jennings , M. and Mann , Thomas E. 237 – 64 . Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomassen , Jacques and Schmitt , Hermann . 1997 . ‘Policy Representation’ . European Journal of Political Research , 32 ( 2 ) : 165 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomassen , Jacques and Schmitt , Hermann . 1999 . “ ‘Issue Congruence’ ” . In Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union , Edited by: Schmitt , Hermann and Thomassen , Jacques . 186 – 208 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tillman , Erik. R. 2004 . ‘The European Union at the Ballot Box? European Integration and Voting Behavior in the New Member States’ . Comparative Political Studies , 37 ( 5 ) : 590 – 610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Eijk , Cees and N. Franklin , Mark . 1991 . ‘European Community Politics and Electoral Representation: Evidence from the 1989 European Elections Study’ . European Journal of Political Research , 19 ( 1 ) : 105 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Eijk , Cees and Franklin , Mark N. 2004 . “ ‘Potential for Contestation on European Matters at National Elections in Europe’ ” . In European Integration and Political Conflict , Edited by: Marks , Gary and Steenbergen , Marco R. 32 – 50 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wessels , Bernhard . 1999 . “ ‘System Characteristics Matter: Empirical Evidence from Ten Representation Studies’ ” . In Policy Representation in Western Democracies , Edited by: Miller , Warren . 137 – 61 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Widfeldt , Anders . 1995 . “ ‘Party Membership and Party Representativeness’ ” . In Citizens and the State , Edited by: Klingemann , Hans-Dieter and Fuchs , Dieter . 134 – 82 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar