Crisis, uncertainty and urgency: processes of learning and emulation in tax policy making

References

• Abbott, George Malcolm (2015). ‘The Precarious Politics of Shifting Direction: The Introduction of the HST in BC and Ontario’, BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly, 186, 125–48.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, Ian (2010). ‘HST Petition Success a “Celebration of Democracy”; Premier Congratulates Fight HST Leader Vander Zalm as Chief Elections Officer Slammed for Holding up Petition Pending Court Action’, The Globe and Mail, August 13, 2010, sec. British Columbia News.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones (1993). Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• BC Stats (2015). Labour Force Statistics, Table 3b, available at http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/StatisticsBySubject/LabourIncome/EmploymentUnemployment.aspx (accessed 17 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Beach, Derek, and Rasmus Brun Pedersen (2013). Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines. Ann Arbour: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benzie, Robert (2010). ‘Why Ottawa and Queen’s Park Embraced the HST’, Toronto Star, June 30, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, André (2009). ‘Trends in Manufacturing Employment’, Statistics Canada Catalogue, available at http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-x/2009102/article/10788-eng.htm#a2 (accessed 15 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Bird, Richard M., Jack M. Mintz, and Thomas A. Wilson (2006). ‘Coordinating Federal and Provincial Sales Taxes: Lessons from the Canadian Experience’, National Tax Journal, 59:4, 889–903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkland, Thomas A. (1998). ‘Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting’, Journal of Public Policy, 18:1, 53–74.
   Google Scholar
• Blyth, Mark (2001). ‘The Transformation of the Swedish Model: Economic Ideas, Distributional Conflict, and Institutional Change’, World Politics, 54:1, 1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth, Mark (2013). ‘Paradigms and Paradox: The Politics of Economic Ideas in Two Moments of Crisis’, Governance, 26:2, 197–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Börzel, Tanja A., and Thomas Risse (2012). ‘From Europeanisation to Diffusion: Introduction’, West European Politics, 35:1, 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boushey, Graeme (2010). Policy Diffusion Dynamics in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Breetz, Hanna, Matto Mildenberger, and Leah Stokes (2018). ‘The Political Logics of Clean Energy Transitions’, Business and Politics, 20:4, 492–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Columbia Ministry of Finance (2011). Budget and Fiscal Plan 2011/12–2013/14, available at https://www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/2011/bfp/2011_Budget_Fiscal_Plan.pdf (accessed 17 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Bromley-Trujillo, Rebecca, and Andrew Karch (2019). ‘Salience, Scientific Uncertainty, and the Agenda-Setting Power of Science’, Policy Studies Journal. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, Adam (2021). ‘Ford Apologizes after Public Backlash to Enhanced Police Powers, Playground Closures’, CBC News. April 22 2021, available at https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/doug-ford-ontario-covid-19-news-conference-1.5997521 (accessed 29 April 2021).
   Google Scholar
• Cairney, Paul, Kathryn Oliver, and Adam Wellstead (2016). ‘To Bridge the Divide between Evidence and Policy: Reduce Ambiguity as Much as Uncertainty’, Public Administration Review, 76:3, 399–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CBC News (2009). ‘B.C. Moves to 12 Per Cent HST’, July 23, 2009, available at https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-moves-to-12-per-cent-hst-1.850374 (accessed 15 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• CBC News (2010). ‘B.C. Minister Briefed on HST before Election’, CBC News, September 1, 2010, available at: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-minister-briefed-on-hst-beforeelection-1.876371 (accessed 16 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, Adrienne (2020). ‘Building Trust Means Letting the Public Be Part of COVID-19 Decisions’, Policy Options, April 24, 2020, available at https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/april-2020/building-trust-means-letting-the-public-be-part-of-covid-19-decisions/#:∼:text=Published%20by-,Building%20trust%20means%20letting%20the%20public%20be%20part%20of%20COVID,as%20they%20navigate%20the%20pandemic (accessed 28 April 2021).
   Google Scholar
• Dobbin, Frank, Beth Simmons, and Geoffrey Garrett (2007). ‘The Global Diffusion of Public Policies: Social Construction, Coercion, Competition, or Learning?’, Annual Review of Sociology, 33:1, 449–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drummond, Don, and Derek Burleton (2008). ‘Time for a Vision of Ontario’s Economy: Much of the Foundation of Past Economic Success Has Crumble’, TD Economics, available at http://www.td.com/document/PDF/economics/special/td-economics-special-db0908-ont.pdf (accessed 16 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Dunlop, Claire A. (2017). ‘The Irony of Epistemic Learning: Epistemic Communities, Policy Learning and the Case of Europe’s Hormones Saga’, Policy and Society, 36:2, 215–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlop, Claire A., and Claudio M. Radaelli (2013). ‘Systematising Policy Learning: From Monolith to Dimensions’, Political Studies, 61:3, 599–619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlop, Claire A., and Claudio M. Radaelli (2020). ‘Policy Learning in Comparative Policy Analysis’, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2020.1762077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, Tom (2008). ‘Premier Vows No Deficit for B.C.’, Merritt Herald, October 23, 2008, available at https://www.merrittherald.com/premier-vows-no-deficit-for-b-c/ (accessed 16 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019). ‘Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Basic Prices, by Sector and Industry, Provincial and Territorial’, available at https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610048701 (accessed 16 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Haas, Peter (2004). ‘When Does Power Listen to Truth? A Constructivist Approach to the Policy Process’, Journal of European Public Policy, 11:4, 569–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hale, Geoffrey (2002). The Politics of Taxation in Canada. Peterborough: Broadview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Peter A. (1993). ‘Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain’, Comparative Politics, 25:3, 275–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, Alan M. (2016). ‘Policy Making for the Long Term in Advanced Democracies’, Annual Review of Political Science, 19:1, 433–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, Kathryn (2015). The Rise of the Value-Added Tax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Bryan D. (2017). ‘Behavioral Rationality as a Foundation for Public Policy Studies’, Cognitive Systems Research, 43, 63–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, Bryan D., and Frank R. Baumgartner (2012). ‘From There to Here: Punctuated Equilibrium to the General Punctuation Thesis to a Theory of Government Information Processing’, Policy Studies Journal, 40:1, 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamkhaji, Jonathan C., and Claudio M. Radaelli (2017). ‘Crisis, Learning and Policy Change in the European Union’, Journal of European Public Policy, 24:5, 714–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamkhaji, Jonathan C., and Claudio M. Radaelli (2021). ‘Don’t Think it’s a Good Idea! Four Building Sites of the “Ideas School”’, West European Politics.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesselman, Jon (2011). ‘Consumer Impacts of BC’s Harmonized Sales Tax: Tax Grab or Pass-Through?’, Canadian Public Policy, 32:2, 139–62.
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon, John W. (1995). Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, 2nd ed. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Koop, Royce (2011). Grassroots Liberals: Organizing for Local and National Politics. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• LaRochelle-Côté, Sébastien, and Jason Gilmore (2009). ‘Canada’s Employment Downturn’, Statistics Canada, Available at http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-x/2009112/pdf/11048-eng.pdf (accessed 16 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Lesch, Matthew (2018). ‘Playing with Fiscal Fire: The Politics of Consumption Tax Reform’, PhD dissertation, University of Toronto, available at https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/87367 (accessed 15 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Lesch, Matthew (2021). ‘Competing, Learning or Emulating? Policy Transfer and Sales Tax Reform’, in Brendan Boyd and Andrea Olive (eds.), Provincial Policy Laboratories: Policy Transfer and Diffusion in Canada’s Federal System, 92–115. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maggetti, Martino, and Fabrizio Gilardi (2016). ‘Problems (and Solutions) in the Measurement of Policy Diffusion Mechanisms’, Journal of Public Policy, 36:1, 87–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March, James G., and Johan P. Olsen (1989). Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• May, Peter J. (1992). ‘Policy Learning and Failure’, Journal of Public Policy, 12:4, 331–54.
   Google Scholar
• McGuinty, Dalton (2015). Making a Difference. Toronto: Dundern Press.
   Google Scholar
• Millar, Heather, Adrienne Davidson, and Linda A. White (2020). ‘Puzzling Publics: The Role of Reflexive Learning in Universal Pre-Kindergarten (UPK) Policy Formulation in Canada and the US’, Public Policy and Administration, 35:3, 312–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar, Heather, Matthew Lesch, and Linda A. White (2019). ‘Connecting Models of the Individual and Policy Change Processes: A Research Agenda’, Policy Sciences, 52:1, 97–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ontario Ministry of Finance (2008). ‘2008 Ontario Economic Outlook and Fiscal Review’, available at https://news.ontario.ca/mof/en/2008/10/2008-ontario-economic-outlook-and-fiscal-review-1.html (accessed 16 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Ontario Ministry of Finance (2009a). ‘2009 Ontario Budget: Confronting the Challenge, Building Our Economic Future’, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20100216050205/http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/budget/ontariobudgets/2009/papers_all.pdf (accessed 17 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Ontario Ministry of Finance (2009b). ‘Budget and Fiscal Plan 2009/10 – 2011/12’, http://www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/2009/bfp/2009_Budget_Fiscal_Plan.pdf (accessed 15 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, Vaughn (2009). ‘Most of Campbell’s Roughest Spots Were of His Own Making’, Vancouver Sun, 11 December, sec. West Coast News, A3.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, Richard (1991). ‘What is Lesson-Drawing?’, Journal of Public Policy, 11:1, 3–30.
   Google Scholar
• Schattschneider, Elmer Eric (1960). The Semisovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, Herbert A. (1985). ‘Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science’, American Political Science Review, 79:2, 293–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, Wayne, and Jared J. Wesley (2012). ‘Effective Tool or Effectively Hollow? Balanced Budget Legislation in Western Canada’, Canadian Public Policy, 38:3, 291–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart, Michael (2007). ‘Lessons in Harmony: What Experience in the Atlantic Provinces Shows about the Benefits of a Harmonized Sales Tax’, C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, 253, 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Stokes, Leah C., and Hanna Breetz (2018). ‘Politics in the U.S. Energy Transition: Case Studies of Solar, Wind, Biofuels and Electric Vehicles Policy’, Energy Policy, 113, 76–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, Deborah (1989). ‘Causal Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas’, Political Science Quarterly, 104:2, 281–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, Diane (2017). ‘Understanding the Transfer of Policy Failure: Bricolage, Experimentalism and Translation’, Policy & Politics, 45:1, 55–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taber, Charles (2003). ‘Information Processing and Public Opinion’, in David O. Sears, Leonie Huddy, and Robert Jervis (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, 433–76. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• The Mowat Centre (2014). ‘Ontario Made: Rethinking Manufacturing in the 21st Century’, Mowat Research 83, available at https://mowatcentre.ca/wp-content/uploads/publications/83_ontario_made_summary.pdf (accessed 17 June 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Trampusch, Christine, and Bruno Palier (2016). ‘Between X and Y: How Process Tracing Contributes to Opening the Black Box of Causality’, New Political Economy, 21:5, 437–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vagionaki, Thenia, and Philipp Trein (2019). ‘Learning in Political Analysis’, Political Studies Review, 18:2, 304–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weyland, Kurt (2005). ‘Theories of Policy Diffusion: Lessons from Latin American Pension Reform’, World Politics, 57:2, 262–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar