Bibliography
- Barfield, Thomas, Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2010).
- Brahimi, Lakhdar, ‘State Building in Crisis and Post-Conflict Countries’, 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government Building Trust in Government, Vienna, Austria, 26–29 June 2007. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN026305.pdf
- Chandrasekaran, Rajiv, Little America: The War within the War for Afghanistan (New York: Vintage 2012).
- Chayes, Sarah, ‘What Vali Nasr Gets Wrong’, Foreign Policy, 12 Mar. 2013. http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/03/12/what-vali-nasr-gets-wrong/
- Chayes, Sarah, Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security (New York: W.W. Norton 2015).
- von Clausewitz, Carl, On War, edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1984).
- Coll, Steve, Directorate S: The C.I.A. And America’s Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan (New York: Penguin Books, 2018).
- Derksen, DeeDee, The Politics of Disarmament and Rearmament in Afghanistan (U.S. Institute of Peace May 2015). https://www.usip.org/publications/2015/05/politics-disarmament-and-rearmament-afghanistan
- Dobbins, James and Carter Malkasian, ‘Time to Negotiate in Afghanistan: How to Talk to the Taliban’, Foreign Affairs, 94/4 ( July/August 2015), 53–64.
- Dobbins, James, John G. McGinn, Seth G. Keith Crane, Rollie Jones, Andrew Rathmell Lal, M. Swanger Rachel, and Anga R. Timilsina, America’s Role in Nation-Building: From Germany to Iraq (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation 2003).
- Fänge, Anders, ‘The Emergency Loya Jirga’, in Martine van Bijlert and Sari Kouvo (eds.), Snapshots of an Intervention: The Unlearned Lessons of Afghanistan’s Decade of Assistance (2001–2011) (Afghan Analysts Network 2012), 13–170. https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/Snapshots_of_an_Intervention.pdf
- Farrell, Theo and Michael Semple, ‘Making Peace with the Taliban’, Survival 57/6 (December 2015–January 2016), 79–110. doi:10.1080/00396338.2015.1116157
- Fearon, James D., ‘Iraq’s Civil War’, Foreign Affairs 86/2 ( March/April 2007), 2–15.
- Felbab-Brown, Vanda, ‘Slip-Sliding on a Yellow Brick Road: Stabilization Efforts in Afghanistan’, Stability: International Journal of Security and Development 1/1 (2012), 4–19. doi:10.5334/sta.af
- Gates, Robert M., Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf 2014).
- Giustozzi, Antonio, ‘The Changing Nature of the Insurgency’, ISAF Strategic Assessment Capability Final Workshop, Kabul, Afghanistan 10–12 Dec 2014, Ver. 0.1, Jan. 2015.
- Giustozzi, Antonio, The Army of Afghanistan: A Political History of A Fragile Institution (London: Hurst 2016).
- Goodhand, Jonathan and Aziz Hakimi, Counterinsurgency, Local Militias, and Statebuilding in Afghanistan (United States Institute of Peace January 2014), https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PW90-Counterinsurgency-Local-Militias-and-Statebuilding-in-Afghanistan.pdf.
- Gopal, Anand, No Good Men among the Living: America, the Taliban, and the War through Afghan Eyes (New York: Metropolitan Books 2014).
- Grossman, Marc, ‘Talking to the Taliban 2010-2011: A Reflection’, Prism 4/4 (2013), 21–37.
- Human Rights Watch, ‘Violent Response: The U.S. Army in al-Falluja,’ 16 June 2003, https://www.hrw.org/report/2003/06/16/violent-response/us-army-al-falluja.
- Iklè, Fred C., Every War Must End (New York: Columbia University Press 1991).
- Katzman, Kenneth, ‘Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy’, Congressional Research Service (28 December 2004), https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/crs/33748.pdf.
- Khalilzad, Zalmay, The Envoy: From Kabul to the White House, My Journey through a Turbulent World, (New York: St. Martin’s Press, Kindle Edition 2016)
- Kolenda, Christopher D., ‘End-Game: Why American Interventions Become Quagmires’, Doctoral Thesis, King’s College London, 2017).
- Kolenda, Christopher D., ‘Winning Afghanistan at the Community Level’, Joint Force Quarterly, 56 ( 1st Quarter 2010), 25–31.
- Kolenda, Christopher D., Rachel Reid, and Christopher Rogers, The Strategic Costs of Civilian Harm: Applying Lessons from Afghanistan to Current and Future Conflicts (Open Society Foundations June 2016), https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/strategic-costs-civilian-harm-20160622.pdf.
- Kolhatkar, Sonali and James Ingalls, Bleeding Afghanistan: Washington, Warlords, and the Propaganda of Silence (New York: Seven Stories 2006).
- Lee, Bradford A., ‘Winning the War but Losing the Peace? the United States and the Strategic Issues of War Termination’, in Bradford A. Lee and F. Walling Karl (eds.), Strategic Logic and Political Rationality (London: Frank Cass 2003), 249–73.
- Lee, Bradford A. and Karl F. Walling (eds.), Strategic Logic and Political Rationality: Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel (London: Frank Cass 2003).
- Lee, Bradford A. and Karl F. Walling, ‘Introduction’, in ibid (eds.), Strategic Logic and Political Rationality (London, Frank Cass, 2003), 1–27.
- Manea, Octavian and John A. Nagl, ‘COIN Is Not Dead: An Interview with John Nagl’, Small Wars Journal (6 February 2012).
- McCaffrey, Barry R., Academic Report: Trip to Afghanistan and Pakistan (United States Military Academy Department of Social Sciences 3 June 2006), https://www.mccaffreyassociates.com/uploads/pdf/AfghanAAR-052006.pdf.
- McChrystal, Stanley A., COMISAF’s Initial Assessment (Kabul, Afghanistan: Headquarters, International Security Assistance Forces 30 August 2009).
- Moten, Matthew (ed.), Between War and Peace: How America Ends Its Wars (New York: Free Press 2011).
- Nasr, Vali, The Dispensable Nation: American Foreign Policy in Retreat (New York: Anchor Books 2013).
- NATO, Progress in Afghanistan, Bucharest Summit (2–4 April 2008), https://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_publications/progress_afghanistan_2008.pdf.
- O’Brien, Paul and Paul Baker, ‘Old Questions Needing New Answers: A Fresh Look at Security Needs in Afghanistan’, Paper presented at the Bonn e-conference on Afghanistan: ‘Assessing the Progress of Security Sector Reform, (Bonn, Germany, 4–11 June 2003.
- Osman, Borhan and Kate Clark, ‘Who Played Havoc with the Qatar Talks? Five Possible Scenarios to Explain the Mess’, (Afghan Analysts Network 9 July 2013), https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/who-played-havoc-with-the-qatar-talks-five-possible-scenarios-to-explain-the-mess/.
- Paul, Christopher, Colin P. Clarke, Beth Grill, and Molly Dunigan, Paths to Victory: Lessons from Modern Insurgencies (Washington DC: RAND 2013).
- Perito, Robert M., Afghanistan’s Police: The Weak Link in Security Sector Reform (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace August 2009).
- Rice, Condoleezza, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington (New York: Random House 2011).
- Roberts, Adam, ‘Doctrine and Reality in Afghanistan’, Survival 51/1 ( February–March 2009), 29–60. doi:10.1080/00396330902749673
- Rose, Gideon, How Wars End: Why We Always Fight the Last Battle (New York: Simon and Schuster 2010).
- Rubin, Barnett R., ‘Saving Afghanistan’, Foreign Affairs 86/1 ( January/February 2007), 57–78.
- Rubin, Barnett R., Afghanistan from the Cold War through the War on Terror (New York: Oxford University Press 2013).
- Rubin, Barnett and Ahmed Rashid, ‘From Great Game to Grand Bargain: Ending Chaos in Afghanistan and Pakistan’, Foreign Affairs 87/6 ( November/December 2008), 30–44.
- Rumsfeld, Donald H., Known and Unknown: A Memoir (New York: Sentinel 2011).
- Thomas, Ruttig. May 2011. ‘The Battle for Afghanistan: Negotiations with the Taliban: History and Prospects for the Future,’ National Security Studies Program Policy Paper, New America Foundation, 1-30.
- Ruttig, Thomas, ‘Flash to the Past: Power Play before the 2002 Emergency Loya Jirga’, (Afghan Analysts Network 27 April 2012), https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/flash-to-the-past-power-play-before-the-2002-emergency-loya-jirga/.
- Sedra, Mark, ‘Police Reform in Afghanistan: An Overview’, Paper presented at the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) e-conference on Afghanistan: ‘Assessing the Progress of Security Sector Reform, One Year After the Geneva Conference, Bonn, Germany, 4–11 June 2003.
- Singh, Danny, ‘Explaining Varieties of Corruption in the Afghan Justice Sector’, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 9/2 (May 2015), 231–55. doi:10.1080/17502977.2015.1033093
- Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR), Reconstructing the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces: Lessons from the U.S. Experience in Afghanistan (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2017).
- Stanekzai, Mohammad Masoom, ‘Thwarting Afghanistan’s Insurgency: A Pragmatic Approach Towards Peace and Reconciliation’, Special report, Sept. (US Institute of Peace 2008), https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr212.pdf.
- Stanley, Elizabeth A. and John P. Sawyer, ‘The Equifinality of War Termination Multiple Paths to Ending War’, Journal of Conflict Resolution 53/5 (October 2009), 651–76. doi:10.1177/0022002709343194
- Department of Defense, ‘Report on Progress Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan’, 1230 Report to Congress, Oct. (2014), https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/Oct2014_Report_Final.pdf.
- Walter, Barbara, ‘The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement’, International Organization 51/3 ( Summer 1997), 335–64. doi:10.1162/002081897550384
- Wilder, Andrew, ‘A House Divided? Analysing the 2005 Afghan Elections (afghan Research and Evaluation Unit 2005)’, https://areu.org.af/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/531E-A-House-Divided-IP-print.pdf.
- Woodward, Bob, State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III (New York: Simon and Schuster 2006).
- William, Zartman, I., ‘The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments’, The Global Review of Ethnopolitics 1/1 (September 2001), 8–18.
Interviews Cited
- Lute, Douglas E. 20 September 2016. Former Deputy National Security Advisor and Assistant to the President for Iraq and Afghanistan (2007 – 2013); former U.S. Ambassador to NATO (2013-2017).
- Petraeus, David H., General. 8 December 2016. Former Commander: Multi-National Forces-Iraq (2007-8); U.S. Central Command (2008-10); International Security Assistance Forces – Afghanistan (2010-2011); former Director, Central Intelligence Agency (2011-3).
- Rubin, Barnett R. 12 September 2016. Afghanistan expert. Former senior advisor to U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (2009-2014).
- Vikram, Singh. 7 September 2016. Former Deputy to U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (2009-2011).
Interviews Cited on Condition of Anonymity
- Interviewee H: Former State department senior advisor.
- Interviewee J: Former State Department senior advisor.
- Interviewee L: A former senior White House official in Obama Administration.
- Interviewee M: A former senior Obama administration official.
- Interviewee N: A former senior ISAF official.
- Interviewee P: A former senior ISAF official.
- Interviewee Q: A former senior ISAF official.
- Interviewee S: A former commander in the Afghan security forces.
- Interviewee W: Former senior Pentagon official in the Obama administration.
- Interviewee X: Former senior Pentagon official in the Obama administration.
- Interviewee Y: Former Taliban senior official.