US hegemony and the perpetuation of NATO

Notes

• Mearsheimer , John . 1998 . “ ‘The Future of America's Continental Commitment’ ” . In No End to Alliance ‐ The United States and Western Europe: Past, Present and Future , Edited by: Lundestad , Geir . 221 – 44 . NY : St Martin's .
   Google Scholar
• Waltz , Kenneth N. 1979 . Theory of International Politics , 126 209 Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Layne , Christopher . 1989‐1990 . ‘Superpower Disengagement’ . Foreign Policy , Winter : 17 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Layne , C. Summer 1987 . “ ‘Atlanticism Without NATO’ ” . Summer , 22 – 45 . ibid. No. 67
   Google Scholar
• Layne , C. 1984 . ‘Toward German Reunification?’ . Journal of Contemporary Studies , 7 ( 4 ) Fall : 7 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Layne , C. 1983 . ‘Ending the Alliance’ . ibid. , 6 ( 3 ) Summer : 5 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Mearsheimer , John J. 1990 . ‘Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War’ . International Security , 15 ( 1 ) Summer : 5 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walt , Stephen . 1998‐99 . ‘The Ties That Fray: Why Europe and America are Drifting Apart’ . National Interest , Winter : 3 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Waltz , Kenneth N. 1993 . ‘The Emerging Structure of International Politics’ . International Security , 18 ( 2 ) Fall : 44 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herf , Jeffrey . 1991 . War by Any Other Means: Soviet Power, West German Resistance, and the Battle of the Euromissiles , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boutwell , Jeffery . 1990 . The German Nuclear Dilemma , London : Brassey's .
   Google Scholar
• Bahr , Egon . 1983 . “ ‘Peace: A State of Emergency’ ” . In Germany Debates Defense: The NATO Alliance at the Crossroads , Edited by: Steinke , Rudolf and Vale , Michel . 141 – 54 . Armonk, NY : M.E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• Bundy , McGeorge , Kennan , George F. , McNamara , Robert S. and Smith , Gerard . 1982 . ‘Nuclear Weapons and the Atlantic Alliance’ . Foreign Affairs , 60 ( 4 ) Spring : 753 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser , Karl , Leber , Georg , Mertes , Alois and Schulze , Franz‐Joseph . 1982 . ‘Nuclear Weapons and the Preservation of Peace: A German Response to No First Use’ . Foreign Affairs , 60 ( 5 ) Summer : 1157 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krippendorff , Ekkehart . ‘"One Day We Americans Will Have to Consider the Destruction of Europe'” . Germany Debates Defense , 33 – 43 . supra
   Google Scholar
• Gorbachev , Mikhail . 1987 . Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World , 135 – 60 . 190 – 209 . NY : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Hough , Jerry . 1988 . Russia and the West: Gorbachev and the Politics of Reform , NY : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Hough , Jerry F. 1989‐90 . ‘Gorbachev's Politics’ . Foreign Affairs , 68 ( 5 ) Winter : 26 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nye , Joseph S. Jr. , Hyland , William G. and Bialer , Seweryn . 1988 . Gorbachev's Russia and American Foreign Policy , Edited by: Bialer , Seweryn and Mandelbaum , Michael . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• MacFarlane , Robert C. 1988 . ‘Effective Strategic Policy’ . Foreign Affairs , 67 ( 1 ) Fall : 33 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush , George and Scowcroft , Brent . 1998 . A World Transformed: The Collapse of The Soviet Empire, The Unification of Germany, Tiananmen Square, The Gulf War , 9 13 NY : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Genscher , Hans Dietrich . 6 Feb. 1987 . “ ‘Taking Gorbachev at His Word’ ” . 6 Feb. , New York : German Information Center .
   Google Scholar
• Allison , Graham T. 1988 . ‘Testing Gorbachev’ . Foreign Affairs , 67 ( 1 ) Fall : 18 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , James A. III . 1995 . The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989‐1992 , 43 – 4 . 92 NY : Putnam's .
   Google Scholar
• Layne , Christopher . 1988 . ‘Continental Divide ‐Time to Disengage in Europe’ . National Interest , Fall : 13 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Steel , Ronald . 1989 . ‘NATO's Last Mission’ . Foreign Policy , Fall : 83 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Zelikow , Philip and Rice , Condoleezza . 1995 . Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft , 27 Cambridge, MA : Harvard UP .
   Google Scholar
• Adomeit , Hannes . 1998 . Imperial Overstretch: Germany in Soviet Policy From Stalin to Gorbachev , 191 – 381 . Baden‐Baden, , Germany : Nomos .
   Google Scholar
• Wohlforth , William C. 1995 . “ ‘Realism and the End of the Cold War’ ” . In The Perils of Anarchy: Contemporary Realism and International Security , Edited by: Brown , Michael E. , Lynn‐Jones , Sean and Miller , Steven E. 27 – 30 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Calleo , David P. 1992 . The Bankrupting of America: How the Federal Budget is Impoverishing the Nation , NY : Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Calleo . 1982 . The Imperious Economy , Cambridge, MA : and Harvard UP .
   Google Scholar
• Morse , Ronald . 1987‐88 . ‘Japan's Drive for Preeminence’ . Foreign Policy , Winter : 3 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Huntington , Samuel P. 1988‐89 . ‘The U.S. — Decline or Renewal?’ . Foreign Affairs , 67 ( 1 ) Winter : 93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosecrance , Richard . 1986 . The Rise of the Trading State , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• 1988 . Report of the Defense Burdensharing Panel, Armed Services Committee . US House of Representatives, 100th Cong., 2nd sess . 1988 , Washington DC. US Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , Paul . 1987 . The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict From 1500 to 2000 , NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Nau , Henry . 1990 . The Myth of America's Decline: Leading the World Economy into the 1990s , NY : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Nye , Joseph S. Jr . 1990 . Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gilpin , Robert . 1981 . War and Change in World Politics , Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• Thurow , Lester . 1992 . Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe, and America , NY : Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Lippmann , Walter . 1944 . US Foreign Policy: Shield of the Republic , 9 Boston : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Chace , James . 1981 . Solvency: The Price of Survival , NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Calleo , David P. 1987 . Beyond American Hegemony: The Future of the Western Alliance , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Chace , James . 1998 . ‘A New Grand Strategy’ . Foreign Policy , Spring : 3 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Hyland , William G. 1988‐89 . ‘Setting Global Priorities’ . Foreign Policy , Winter : 22 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Krauss , Melvyn P. 1986 . How NATO Weakens the West , NY : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Ravenal , Earl C. 1987 . NATO: The Tides of Discontent , Berkeley, CA : Inst. of Int. Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , Robert E. 1992 . ‘Starting at Zero: US Foreign Policy for the 1990s’ . Washington Quarterly , 15 ( 1 ) Winter : 27 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyland , William G. 1991‐92 . ‘The Case for Pragmatism’ . Foreign Affairs: America and the World , 71 ( 2 ) : 38 – 52 . 1991‐1992
   Google Scholar
• Mandelbaum , Michael . 1990‐91 . ‘The Bush Foreign Policy’ . Foreign Affairs , 70 ( 1 ) : 4 – 22 . ’America and the World 1990‐1991’
   Google Scholar
• Maynes , Charles William . 1990 . ‘America Without the Cold War’ . Foreign Policy , Spring : 3 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Schlesinger , James . 1992‐93 . ‘The Quest for a Post‐Cold War Foreign Policy’ . Foreign Affairs , 72 ( 1 ) : 17 – 28 . ’America and the World 1992‐1993’
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chace , James . 1992 . The Consequences of the Peace: The New Internationalism and American Foreign Policy , NY : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Abshire , David . 1992 . ‘Strategic Challenges: Contingencies, Force Structures, Deterrence’ . Washington Quarterly , 15 ( 2 ) Spring : 33 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaddis , John Lewis . 1991 . ‘Toward the Post‐Cold War World’ . Foreign Affairs , 70 ( 2 ) Spring : 102 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandelbaum . “ ‘The Bush Foreign Policy’ ” . 12 – 13 . (note 27)
   Google Scholar
• Nye , Joseph S. Jr . 1992 . ‘What New World Order?’ . Foreign Affairs , 71 ( 2 ) Spring : 95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pond , Elizabeth . 1992 . ‘Germany in the New Europe’ . Foreign Affairs , 71 ( 2 ) Spring : 114 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treverton , Gregory F. 1991‐92 . ‘The New Europe’ . Foreign Affairs , 71 ( 2 ) : 94 – 112 . ’America and the World 1991‐1992’
   Google Scholar
• Zakaria , Fareed . 1998 . From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role , 3 Princeton UP .
   Google Scholar
• Gilpin . War and Change in World Politics 106 (note 23)
   Google Scholar
• Organski , A.F.K. 1968 . World Politics , 97 NY : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Labs , Eric J. 1997 . ‘Offensive Realism and Why States Expand Their Security Aims’ . Security Studies , 6 ( 4 ) Summer : 15
   Google Scholar
• Herz , John . 1951 . Political Realism and Political Idealism , 24 U. of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mearsheimer , John J. Great Power Politics , NY : Norton . forthcoming
   Google Scholar
• Tellis , Ashley J. 1994 . “ ‘The Drive to Domination’ ” . 11 Dept. of Political Science, U.of Chicago . Ph.D. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Mearsheimer . “ ‘Back to the Future’ ” . 13 – 19 . (note 30)
   Google Scholar
• Olson , Mancur . 1968 . The Logic of Collective Action , NY : Schocken Books .
   Google Scholar
• Zeckhauser , Richard and Olson , Mancur . 1966 . ‘An Economic Theory of Alliances’ . The Review of Economics and Statistics , 48 ( 3 ) Aug. : 266 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , Thomas J. and Snyder , Jack . 1990 . ‘Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity’ . International Organization , 44 ( 1 ) Spring : 137 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mearsheimer . Great Power Politics , 9 (note 34) Ch.2
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , Kenneth W. 1986 . Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace , 6th ed. , 227 – 8 . NY : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Strassler , Robert B. , ed. 1996 . The Landmark Thucydides , 372 NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hahn , Walter F. 1973 . ‘West Germany's Ostpolitik: The Grand Design of Egon Bahr’ . Orbis , 16 ( 4 ) Winter : 859 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Voigt , Karsten . 1989 . ‘The Function of Defence Alliances in the Future’ . address to the conference on ‘NATO at 40’ . April 4 1989 , Washington DC. Cato Institute .
   Google Scholar
• PPS 43 . 23 Nov. 1948 . “ ‘Considerations Affecting the Conclusion of a North Atlantic Security Pact’ ” . 23 Nov. ,
   Google Scholar
• Etzold , Thomas H. and Gaddis , John Lewis , eds. 1978 . Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945‐1950 , 157 NY : Columbia UP .
   Google Scholar
• Kennan , George F. 1958 . ‘A Chance to Withdraw Our Troops in Europe’ . Harper's , 216 ( 1293 ) Feb. : 34 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . ‘Statement of Secretary of Defense Richard B. Cheney’ . Senate Budget Committee 101st Cong., 2nd sess. Feb. 5 1990 . pp. 3
   Google Scholar
• DePorte , A. W. 1979 . Europe Between the Superpowers: The Enduring Balance , New Haven, CT : Yale UP .
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . News Conference in Brussels . Dec. 4 1989 , Belgium.
   Google Scholar
• 11 Dec. 1989 . Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 11 Dec. , 25 No.49
   Google Scholar
• “ ‘That meant we had to work with our European partners to adapt NATO and CSCE to make them appear less threatening to the Soviet people’ ” . 231 – 2 . Baker (note 13)
   Google Scholar
• Clinton , President Bill . 22 Oct. 1996 . “ ‘Remarks to the People of Detroit’ ” . 22 Oct. ,
   Google Scholar
• http://www.pub.whitehouse.gOv/uri‐res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma. eop.gov.us/1996/10/22/4.text.1 (http://www.pub.whitehouse.gOv/uri‐res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma. eop.gov.us/1996/10/22/4.text.1)
   Google Scholar
• Slocombe , Walter . ‘Partnership for Peace and NATO‐Russian Relations’ . Speech to the Center for Strategic and International Studies . Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• 1995 . Defense Issues , 10 ( 28 ) 2 March
   Google Scholar
• Talbott , Strobe . 1995 . ‘Why NATO Should Grow’ . New York Review of Books , 42 ( 13 ) 10 Aug. : 27 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , J.L. 2000 . Russia Faces NATO Expansion: Bearing Gifts or Bearing Arms , Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhower , Susan . 1998 . “ ‘The Perils of Victory’ ” . In NATO Enlargement: Illusions and Reality , Edited by: Carpenter , Ted Galen and Conry , Barbara . 103 – 19 . Washington DC : Cato Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Asmus , Ronald D. 1997 . “ ‘Double Enlargement: Redefining the Atlantic Partnership After the Cold War’ ” . In America and Europe: A Partnership for a New Era , Edited by: Gompert , David C. and Larrabee , F. Stephen . 19 – 50 . Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• Brzezinski , Zbigniew . 1997 . The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Albright , Madeleine K. 8 Dec. 1998 . “ ‘Press Conference at NATO Headquarters’ ” . 8 Dec. , Washington DC : US Department of State, Office of the Spokesman .
   Google Scholar
• Clinton , President Bill . 26 Feb. 1999 . “ ‘Remarks on Foreign Policy’ ” . 26 Feb. , San Francisco : White House Press Office . transcript, http://www.pub.whitehouse.gOv/uri‐res/I2R7urn:pdi:// oma.eop.gov.us/1999/3/l/3.text.l.
   Google Scholar
• Leffler , Melvyn P. 1991 . “ ‘National Security’ ” . In Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations , Edited by: Hogan , Michael J. and Paterson , Thomas G. 204 Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• Clinton , President Bill . 1 April 1993 . “ ‘Remarks to the American Society of Newspaper Editors’ ” . 1 April , Annapolis, MD : White House Press Office . transcript, http://www.pub.white house.gov/uri‐res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1993/4/l/10.text.l
   Google Scholar
• Talbott , Deputy Secretary of State Strobe . 24 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Robert C. Frasure Memorial Lecture’ ” . 24 Jan. , Estonia : Tallinn . State Dept. Website, http://www.state.gov/www/policy_remarks/ 2000/000124_talbott_ Tallinn.html.
   Google Scholar
• Talbott , Deputy Secretary of State Strobe . 7 Oct. 1999 . “ ‘Remarks at a Conference on the Future of NATO’ ” . 7 Oct. , London : The Royal Institute of International Affairs . http://www. state.gov/www.policy_remarks/1999/991007_talbott_London.html
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster , John . 1999 . ‘Albright Signals Strong Backing for Milosevic Foes’ . Washington Post , 4 Nov. : A27
   Google Scholar
• Lacy , Marc . 2000 . ‘US Will Reconsider Ties if Haider Joins Coalition’ . New York Times , 2 Feb.
   Google Scholar
• Undersecretary of Defense (Policy) . 5‐13 Aug. 1991 . 1991 Summer Study , 5‐13 Aug. , 17 Newport, RI : Organized by the Director, Net Assessment .
   Google Scholar
• Art , Robert J. 1996 . ‘Why Western Europe Needs the United States and NATO’ . Political Science Quarterly , 111 ( 1 ) Spring : 1 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanEvera , Stephen . 1990 . ‘Why Europe Matters, Why The Third World Doesn't’ . Journal of Strategic Studies , 13 ( 2 ) June : 1 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dept. of Defense . 1992 . Regional Defense Strategy 12
   Google Scholar
• May 1997 . Report of the Quadrennial Defense Review May , 12
   Google Scholar
• Europe . ‘could unravel into unrestrained military competition, conflict, and aggression’ . Regional Defense Strategy , 12 (note 81)
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Secretary of Defense William . 18 Feb. 1999 . “ ‘Remarks at Microsoft Corporation’ ” . 18 Feb. , Redmond, WA DoD website, http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/1999/s19990218‐secdef.html
   Google Scholar
• 1992 . “Prevent the Emergence of a New Rival'” . New York Times , 8 March : 14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Layne , Christopher and Schwarz , Benjamin . 1993 . ‘American Hegemony — Without An Enemy’ . Foreign Policy , Fall : 5 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , Benjamin . 1994 . ‘“Cold War” Continuities: US Economic and Security Strategy Towards Europe’ . Journal of Strategic Studies MIA , Dec. : 82 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Hanreider , Wolfram F. 1989 . Germany, Europe, and America , New Haven, CT : Yale UP .
   Google Scholar
• idem . 1989 . ‘The German‐American Alliance at Forty’ . Aussenpolitik , 11 ( 89 ) 2nd Quarter : 148 – 59 . 40/2
   Google Scholar
• Joffe , Joseph . 1984 . ‘Europe's American Pacifier’ . Foreign Policy , Spring : 64 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Etzold , Thomas and Gaddis , John Lewis , eds. 1978 . Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945‐1950 , 401 NY : Columbia UP .
   Google Scholar
• Gaddis , John Lewis . 1993 . ‘The Tragedy of Cold War History’ . Diplomatic History , 17 ( 1 ) Winter
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leffler , Melvyn P. 1994 . A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration, and the Cold War , 19 Stanford UP .
   Google Scholar
• Buhite , Russell D. and Hamel , Wm. Christopher . 1990 . ‘War for Peace: The Question of American Preventive War against the Soviet Union, 1945‐1955’ . Diplomatic History , 14 ( 3 ) Summer : 367 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waltz . Theory of International Politics , 126 – 7 . (note 2)
   Google Scholar
• Mearsheimer , John . 1990 . ‘Back to the Future’ . International Security , 15 ( 1 ) Summer : 13 n.15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layne , Christopher . 1993 . ‘The Unipolar Illusion: Why New Great Powers Will Rise’ . International Security MIA , Spring : 5 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Wohlforth , William C. 1999 . ‘The Stability of a Unipolar World’ . International Security , 24 ( 1 ) Summer : 5 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastanduno , Michael . 1997 . ‘Preserving the Unipolar Moment: Realist Theories and US Grand Strategy’ . International Security , 21 ( 4 ) Spring : 49 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walt , Stephen M. 1987 . The Origins of Alliances , Ithaca : Cornell UP .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , Samuel R. 1999 . ‘American Power: Hegemony, Isolationism or Engagement’ . speech at the Council on Foreign Relations . Oct. 21 1999 , New York City. White House . website at http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/html/speeches/19991021.html
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch , Karl . 1968 . Political Community and the North Atlantic Area , Princeton UP .
   Google Scholar
• Risse‐Kappen , Thomas . 1995 . Cooperation Among Democracies: The European Influence on U.S. Foreign Policy ibid.
   Google Scholar
• Hampton , Mary N. 1995 . ‘NATO at the Creation: US Foreign Policy, West Germany and the Wilsonian Impulse’ . Security Studies , 4 ( 3 ) Spring : 653
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman , Robert G. 1994 . ‘A Two‐Level Interaction: Structure, Stable Liberal Democracy, and US Grand Strategy’ . Security Studies , 3 ( 4 ) Summer : 681 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Lundestad , Geir . 1990 . The American ‘Empire’ and Other Studies of US Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective , NY : OUP .
   Google Scholar
• Watt , D.C. 1983 . “ ‘Perceptions of the United States in Europe, 1945‐1983’ ” . In The Troubled Alliance: Atlantic Relations in the 1980s , Edited by: Freedman , Lawrence . 28 – 43 . NY : St Martin's .
   Google Scholar
• Hogan , Michael J. 1987 . The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947‐1952 , 113 Cambridge : CUP .
   Google Scholar
• Kolodziej , Edward A. 1974 . French International Policy Under De Gaulle and Pompidou: The Politics of Grandeur , 91 Ithaca, NY : Cornell UP .
   Google Scholar
• Kissinger , Henry A. 1979 . White House Years , 408 – 10 . Boston : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Roger . 1999 . ‘In Uniting Over Kosovo, A New Sense of Identity’ . New York Times , 28 April : A11
   Google Scholar
• Whitney , Craig R. 1999 . ‘France Presses For a Power Independent of the US’ . New York Times , 7 Nov. : A5
   Google Scholar
• Drozdiak , William . 1999 . ‘Possible US Missile Shield Alarms Europe’ . Washington Post , 6 Nov. : A1
   Google Scholar
• Whitney , Craig R. 1999 . ‘Hey, Allies, Follow Me. I've Got All the New Toys’ . New York Times , 30 May
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Roger . 1999 . ‘Dependent on US Now, Europe Vows Defense Push’ . New York Times , 12 May
   Google Scholar
• Dahlburg , John‐Thor . 1999 . ‘Battle for Kosovo Shows Europe Still Needs US’ . Los Angeles Times , 20 April
   Google Scholar
• Kissinger , Henry A. 1982 . Years of Upheaval , 131 Boston : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Kissinger , Henry A. 1965 . The Troubled Partnership: A Re‐Appraisal of the Atlantic Alliance , 40 NY : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Fitchett , Joseph . 2000 . ‘EU Takes Steps to Create a Military Force, Without Treading on NATO’ . International Herald Tribune , 1 March
   Google Scholar
• Kitfield , James . 2000 . ‘European Doughboys’ . The National Journal , 26 Feb. : 610 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , Carol J. 2000 . ‘Conference Highlights Raws of NATO's Kosovo Campaign’ . Los Angeles Times , 6 Feb.
   Google Scholar
• Albright , Secretary of State Madeleine K. 8 Dec. 1998 . “ ‘Press Conference at NATO Headquarters’ ” . 8 Dec. , US Department of State, Office of the Spokesman .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , James B. Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs . 15 Jan. 1998 . “ ‘Remarks before European Institute’ ” . 15 Jan. , Washington DC : Mayflower Hotel . http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/html/speeches/19980204‐6020.html
   Google Scholar
• Eizenstat , Stuart E. Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs . 6 April 1999 . “ ‘Address to the Secretary's Open Forum’ ” . 6 April , State Dept. website .
   Google Scholar
• Talbott , Deputy Secretary of State Strobe . 10 March 1999 . “ ‘Address at the Royal United Services Institute, London, UK’ ” . 10 March , State Dept website .
   Google Scholar
• Walt , Stephen . 1998‐99 . ‘The Ties That Fray: Why Europe and America are Drifting Apart’ . National Interest , Winter : 3 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , Ted Galen . 1990 . “ ‘Competing Agendas: America, Europe, and a Troubled NATO Partnership’ ” . In NATO at 40: Confronting a Changing World , Edited by: idem . 29 – 44 . Lexington, MA : Lexington Books .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter . 1992 . A Search for Enemies: America's Alliances after the Cold War , 11 – 46 . Washington DC : Cato Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Walt . 1989 . ‘The Case for Finite Containment: Analyzing US Grand Strategy’ . International Security , 14 ( 1 ) Spring : 5 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar