39
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

ICBMs and deterrence: The controversy over prompt launch

Pages 285-309 | Published online: 24 Jan 2008

Notes

  • Slocombe , Walter . 1987 . “ ‘Preplanned Operations’ ” . In Managing Nuclear Operations , Edited by: Carter , Ashton B. , Steinbruner , John D. and Zraket , Charles A. 141 Washington, DC : Brookings .
  • Wohlstetter , Albert J. April 1954 . Selection and Use of Strategic Air Bases, R‐266 , April , Santa Monica, CA : RAND .
  • September 1956 . Protecting U.S. Power to Strike Back in the 1950s and 1960s, R‐290 , September , Santa Monica, CA : RAND .
  • 1960 . On Thermonuclear War , 424 Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • 1985 . Congressional Record , 21 May : S6629 – 30 .
  • Moynihan , Daniel Patrick . 1984 . Loyalties , 19 – 20 . New York : Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich .
  • Gore , Senator Albert . 1986 . Congressional Record , 16 June : S7522
  • 1984 . Congressional Record , 14 June : S7260
  • Gray , Colin S. Winter 1977 . The Future of Land‐Based Missile Forces , Adelphi Papers No. 140 Winter , London : IISS .
  • 1978 . ‘The Strategic Forces’ Triad: End of the Road?’ . Foreign Affairs , 56 ( 4 ) July : 771 – 89 .
  • 1981 . The MX ICBM and National Security , New York : Praeger .
  • Senator Moynihan . lsquo; “Launch under attack” is a slightly different way of saying the same thing [as launch on warning]’ . Loyalties , 17 misinforms us that:
  • Jervis , Robert , Lebow , Richard Ned and Stein , Janice Gross . 1985 . Psychology and Deterrence , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Steinbruner , John . 1978 . ‘National Security and the Concept of Strategic Stability’, . The Journal of Conflict Resolution , XXII ( 3 ) Sept. : 411 – 28 .
  • Steinbruner , John . 1981–82 . ‘Nuclear Decapitation’, . Foreign Policy , Winter : 16 – 28 .
  • Ball , Desmond . Autumn 1981 . Can Nuclear War Be Controlled? , Adelphi Papers No. 169 Autumn , London : IISS .
  • Bracken , Paul . 1983 . The Command and Control of Nuclear Forces , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
  • Blair , Bruce G. 1985 . Strategic Command and Control: Redefining the Nuclear Threat , Washington, DC : Brookings .
  • Ford , Daniel . 1985 . The Button: The Pentagon's Strategic Command and Control System , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Schelling , Thomas C. 1966 . Arms and Influence , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
  • 1960 . The Strategy of Conflict , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • van Creveld , Martin . 1985 . Command in War , 151 Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Pres .
  • Lebow , Richard Ned . 1985 . ‘The Soviet Offensive in Europe: The Schlieffen Plan Revisited?’ . International Security , 9 ( 4 ) Spring : 44 – 78 .
  • Donnelly , C.N. 1985 . Heirs of Clausewitz: Change and Continuity in the Soviet War Machine , Occasional Paper No. 16 London : Institute for European Defence and Strategic Studies .
  • 1984 . ‘cult of the offensive’ in ‘Civil‐Military Relations and the Cult of the Offensive, 1914 and 1984’, . International Security , 9 ( 1 ) Summer : 146
  • Sagan , Scott . 1986 . ‘1914 Revisited: Allies, Offense, and Instability’, . International Security , 11 ( 2 ) Fall : 151 – 75 .
  • 1986–87 . ‘Correspondence: The Origins and the Consequences of Counterforce’, . International Security , 11 ( 3 ) Winter : 193 – 8 .
  • December 1980 . ICBM Basing Options: A Summary of Major Studies to Define a Survivable Basing Concept for ICBMs , December , Washington, DC : Department of Defense .
  • April 1983 . The President's Commission on Strategic Forces, Report , April , 13 – 14 . Washington, DC : White House .
  • US Congress . . Senate Committee on Armed Services . MX Missile Basing System and Related Issues, Hearings, 98th Cong., 1st sess. . pp. 151 Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office .
  • Carter , Ashton . 1986 . ‘Satellites and Anti‐Satellites: The Limits of the Possible’, . International Security , 10 ( 4 ) Spring : 90 – 92 .
  • Wohlstetter , Albert and Brody , Richard . “ ‘Continuing Control as a Requirement for Deterring,’ ” . In Managing Nuclear Operations Edited by: Carter , Steinbruner and Zraket . 192 – 3 .
  • Blair . Strategic Command and Control 261 – 2 . 264
  • Carter . “ ‘Communications Technologies and Vulnerabilities’ ” . In Managing Nuclear Operations Edited by: Carter , Steinbruner and Zraket . 223 – 4 .
  • Blair . Strategic Command and Control 105 – 7 .
  • Carter , Ashton B. “ ‘Assessing Command System Vulnerability’ ” . In Managing Nuclear Operations Edited by: Carter , Steinbruner and Zraket . 555 – 610 .
  • von Clausewitz , Carl . 1976 . On War , Edited by: Howard , Michael and Paret , Peter . 119 Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Blair . Strategic Command and Control 208
  • Steinbruner , John . 1984 . ‘Launch under Attack’, . Scientific American , 250 ( 1 ) Jan. : 37 – 47 .
  • Tzu , Sun . 1963 . The Art of War , Edited by: Griffith , Samuel B. 77 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Liddell‐Hart , Basil H. 1967 . Strategy: The Indirect Approach , London : Faber .
  • ‘All war is based on deception’, . The Art of War , 66
  • Donnelly . ‘The Soviet officer ... is compelled by regulations to employ some form of Maskirovka to aid his attack, and these regulatons are backed up ... by very strict punishment indeed. Long centuries of living in an autocracy have made the Russians resourceful and devious, and deception comes naturally to them — a fact which is all too frequently forgotten’. . Heirs of Clausewitz , 18
  • Dick , C.J. 1986 . ‘Catching NATO Unawares: Soviet Army Surprise and Deception Techniques’, . International Defense Review , 19 ( 1 ) : 21 – 6 .
  • Bracken . The Command and Control of Nuclear Forces 223
  • 1985 . ‘Nuclear Alerts and Crisis Management’ . International Security , 9 ( 4 ) Spring : 133
  • Weinberger , Caspar W. 12 Jan. 1987 . Annual Report to the Congress. Fiscal Year 1988 , 12 Jan. , 285 – 6 . Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office .
  • Payne , Keith B. 1986 . Strategic Defense: ‘Star Wars’ in Perspective , 108 – 9 . Lanham, MD : Hamilton Press .
  • 1986 . ‘The Deterrence Requirement for Defense’, . The Washington Quarterly , 9 ( 1 ) Winter : 139 – 54 .
  • Blair . Strategic Command and Control 135 – 6 .
  • Powes , Thomas . 1982 . ‘Choosing a Strategy for World War III’, . The Atlantic , Nov. : 82 – 110 .
  • Sagan . “ ‘Nuclear Alerts and Crisis Management’ ” . 138 – 9 .
  • Gray , Colin S. 1984 . Nuclear Strategy and Strategic Planning , Philadelphia Policy Papers Philadelphia : Foreign Policy Research Institute .
  • Blair . Strategic Command and Control 288
  • Bracken . The Command and Control Nuclear Forces 96
  • Schelling . Arms and Influence 69 – 91 .
  • Payne , Keith B. 1984 . ‘What If We “Ride Out” A Soviet First Strike?’ . The Washington Quarterly , 7 ( 24 ) Fall : 85 – 92 .
  • Iklé , Fred Charles . 1985 . ‘Nuclear Strategy: Can There Be a Happy Ending?’ . Foreign Affairs , 63 ( 4 ) Spring : 821 – 2 .
  • Gray , Colin S. 1986 . Nuclear Strategy and National Style , Lanham, MD : Hamilton Press .
  • Moynihan . Loyalties 20
  • Camesale , Albert and Glaser , Charles . 1982 . ‘ICBM Vulnerability: The Cures Are Worse Than the Disease’, . International Security , 7 ( 1 ) Summer : 71 – 2 .
  • Cohen , Eliot A. 1985/6 . ‘Why We Should Stop Studying the Cuban Missile Crisis’, . The National Interest , Winter : 8
  • Huntington , Samuel P. 1986 . ‘Playing to Win’, . The National Interest , Spring : 15 – 16 .
  • Mearsheimer , John J. 1983 . Conventional Deterrence , 29 – 30 . 35 – 43 . Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Addington , Larry H. 1971 . The Blitzkrieg Era and the German General Staff, 1865–1941 , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
  • Lewis , S.J. 1984 . Forgotten Legions: German Army Infantry Policy, 1918–1941 , New York : Praeger .
  • Messenger , Charles . 1976 . The Blitzkrieg Story , New York : Charles Scribner's Sons .
  • Deighton , Len . 1979 . Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk , London : Jonathan Cape .
  • Vigor , P.H. 1983 . Soviet Blitzkrieg Theory , New York : St. Martin's Press .
  • Glantz , David M. Feb. 1983 . August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria , Leavenworth Papers No. 7 Feb. , Fort Leavenworth, KA : Combat Studies Institute, US Army Command and General Staff College .
  • Erickson , John , Hansen , Lynn and Schneider , William . 1986 . Soviet Ground Forces: An Operational Assessment , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
  • Seaton , Albert and Seaton , Joan . 1986 . The Soviet Army: 1918 to the Present , London : Bodley Head .
  • Joffe , Josef . 1983 . “ ‘Can Europe Live with its Defence?’ ” . In The Troubled Alliance: Atlantic Relations in the 1980s , Edited by: Freedman , Lawrence . London : Heinemann .
  • Betts , Richard K. 1985 . ‘Compound Deterrence vs. No‐First‐Use: What's Wrong is What's Right’, . Orbis , 28 ( 4 ) Winter : 697 – 718 .
  • Donnelly . Heirs of Clausewitz 20
  • Luttwak , Edward N. 1986 . On the Meaning of Victory: Essays on Strategy , 120 New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Blair . Strategic Command and Control 289 – 295 .
  • Ball , Desmond . 1985 . “ ‘Modern Technology and Geopolitics’ ” . In On Geopolitics: Classical and Nuclear , Edited by: Zoppo and Zorgbibe , Charles . Boston, MA : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers .
  • Legge , J. Michael . April 1983 . Theater Nuclear Weapons and the NATO Strategy of Flexible Response, R‐2964‐FF , April , 17 – 38 . Santa Monica, CA : RAND .
  • Blair . Strategic Command and Control 216

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.