Daily life and motivation in war: The wehrmacht in the Soviet UnionFootnote∗

This essay can be read as a second part of my article, ‘Indoctrination and Motivation in the Wehrmacht’, The Journal of Strategic Studies 9 (March 1986), 16–34. Also see my forthcoming book, Trench Level. A View from Below of Hitler's Army. Earlier versions of this article were presented at the Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt in Freiburg, as well as at Exeter, Liverpool, Nottingham, and Lancaster Universities. I wish to thank all participants in these lectures for their criticism and advice.

Notes

• Shils , Edward A. and Janowitz , Morris . 1948 . ‘Cohesion and Disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II’ . The Public Opinion Quarterly , 12 Summer : 281
   Google Scholar
• van Creveld , Martin . 1982 . Fighting Power 163 – 4 . Westport, CT
   Google Scholar
• Chodoff , Elliot P. 1983 . ‘Ideology and Primary Groups’ . Armed Forces and Society , 9 Summer : 577
   Google Scholar
• Holmes , Richard . 1982 . Firing Line , 2nd ed. , Harmonds‐worth : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , S.L.A. 1947 . Men Against Fire , New York : Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Guderian , Heinz . 1977 . Panzer Leader , 3rd ed. , 462 London : Futura Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Paul , Wolfgang . Geschichte der 18. Panzer‐Division , xx Freiburg : Kameradenkreis der ehem. 18. Panzer‐Division, sofort‐druck+copie . n.d.
   Google Scholar
• Niethammer , Lutz . 1982 . “ ‘Anmerkungen zur Alltagsgeschichte’ ” . In Geschichte im Alltag — Alltag in der Geschichte , Edited by: Bergmann , Klaus and Schörken , Rolf . 11 – 29 . Düsseldorf : Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann .
   Google Scholar
• Tenfelde , Klaus . 1984 . ‘Schwierigkeiten mit dem Alltag’ . Geschichte und Gesellschaft , 10 : 376 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Broszat , Martin and Fröhlich , Elke . 1987 . Alltag und Widerstand , München : Serie Piper .
   Google Scholar
• Peukert , Detlev J.K. 1987 . “ ‘Alltag und Barbarei’ ” . In Ist der Nationalsozialismus Geschichte? , Edited by: Diner , Dan . 51 – 61 . Frankfurt/Main : Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Spaeter , Helmut and von Schramm , Wilhelm Ritter . 1958 . Die Geschickte des Panzerkorps Grossdeutschland , 166 – 76 . 85 – 6 . 194 199 – 213 . 385 429 III.11 – 24 . 381 – 404 . Bielefeld .
   Google Scholar
• Bartov , Omer . 1985 . The Eastern Front 1941–45: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare , 40 – 67 . London : Macmillan/St. Antony's College .
   Google Scholar
• Mueller‐Hillebrand , Burkhart . 1954 . Das Heer , 170 – 71 . Darmstadt .
   Google Scholar
• Bartov . Eastern Front , 49 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Trevor‐Roper , Hugh , ed. 1979 . The Goebbels Diaries , 2nd ed. , 95 113 London : Pan Books .
   Google Scholar
• Krausnick , Helmut and Wilhelm , Hans‐Heinrich . 1981 . Die Truppe des Weltanschauungskrieges , Stuttgart : Deutsche Verlags‐Anstalt .
   Google Scholar
• Streit , Christian . 1978 . Keine Kameraden , Stuttgart : Deutsche Verlags‐Anstalt .
   Google Scholar
• Bartov . Eastern Front , 106 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Messerschmidt , Manfred . 1979 . Die Wehrmacht im NS‐Staat , Hamburg : R.V. Deckers Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Berghahn , Volker R. 1969 . ‘NSDAP und “Geistige Führung” der Wehrmacht’ . Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte , 17 : 17 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Förster , Jürgen . 1985 . “ ‘New Wine in Old Skins? The Wehrmacht and the War of “Weltanschauungen”, 1941’ ” . In The German Military in the Age of Total War , Edited by: Deist , Wilhelm . 304 – 22 . Leamington Spa : Berg Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Bartov . Eastern Front , 68 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Messerschmidt . Die Wehrmacht , 307 – 8 . 329 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Bartov . Eastern Front , 75 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , B.H. Liddell . 1979 . History of the Second World War , 6th ed. , 252 London : Pan Books .
   Google Scholar
• Fuller , J.F.C. 1975 . The Decisive Battles of the Western World , 5th ed. , II.483 London : Paladin .
   Google Scholar
• Messerschmidt , Manfred . 1985 . “ ‘German Military Law in the Second World War’ ” . In The German Military in the Age of Total War , Edited by: Deist , Wilhelm . 323 – 35 . Leamington Spa : Berg Books .
   Google Scholar
• Hillgruber , Andreas . 1986 . Zweierlei Untergang: Die Zerschlagung des Deutschen Reiches und das Ende des europäischen Judentums , Berlin : Seidler Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Bartov , Omer . 1987 . ‘Historians on the Eastern Front: Andreas Hillgruber and Germany's Tragedy’ . Tel‐Aviver Jahrbuch für deutsche Geschichte , 16 : 325 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Buchbender , Ortwin and Sterz , Reinhold , eds. 1982 . Das andere Gesicht des Krieges , 71 – 2 . München : Verlag C.H. Beck .
   Google Scholar
• von Clausewitz , Carl . 1982 . On War , 9th ed. , Edited by: Rapoport , Anatol . 251 Harmondsworth : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Takeyama , Michio . 1978 . The Harp of Burma , 12th ed. , 99 – 102 . Rutland, VT : Charles E. Turtle .
   Google Scholar
• This essay can be read as a second part of my article, ‘Indoctrination and Motivation in the Wehrmacht’, The Journal of Strategic Studies 9 (March 1986), 16–34. Also see my forthcoming book, Trench Level. A View from Below of Hitler's Army. Earlier versions of this article were presented at the Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt in Freiburg, as well as at Exeter, Liverpool, Nottingham, and Lancaster Universities. I wish to thank all participants in these lectures for their criticism and advice.
   Google Scholar