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Original Articles

The Serbo‐Croatian war, 1991: Political and military dimensions

Pages 297-338 | Published online: 24 Jan 2008

Notes

  • von Clausewitz , Carl . 1989 . On War , Edited by: Howard , Michael and Paret , Peter . 80 Princeton, NJ : Princeton UP .
  • Banac , Ivo . 1992 . ‘The Fearful Asymmetry of War: The Causes and Consequences of Yugoslavia's Demise,’ . Daedalus , 121 ( 1 ) Spring : 141 – 74 .
  • Petra Ramet , Sabrina . 1992 . ‘War in the Balkans’ . Foreign Affairs , 71 ( 4 ) Fall : 79 – 98 .
  • 1981 . Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narod‐nooslobodilackom ratu naroda Jugoslavije [Collection of Documents and Data on the National‐Liberation War of the Peoples of Yugoslavia] , Vol.14 , Belgrade : Inst. of Military History . Pt.1,
  • 1969 . Eko‐nomska politika , 27 Jan. : 12 (Belgrade),
  • Cvrtila , Vlatko . 1991 . ‘Tko je sto u Armiji’, ['Who Is What in the Army'] . Danas , 5 Feb. : 16 – 17 . (Zagreb),
  • Karlovic , N. L. 1982 . ‘Internal Colonialism in a Marxist Society: The Case of Croatia’ . Ethnic and Racial Studies , July : 276 – 99 .
  • Letica , Slaven . 1989 . ‘Cetvrta Jugoslavia,’ ['A Fourth Yugoslavia'] . Danas , 24 Jan. : 19
  • Lovric , Jelena . 1985 . ‘Nacionalna karta partije’ [The Party's Nationality Card'] . Danas , 10 Dec. : 8
  • UN . 1991 . Rat protiv Hrvatske [The War Against Croatia] , 32 Zagreb : Globus .
  • 1991 . Danas , 30 July : 10
  • Covic , Boze , ed. 1991 . Izvori velikosrpske agresije [The Sources of Great Serbian Aggression] , 297 Zagreb : Skolska Knjiga .
  • Stambolic , Ivan . 1987 . Rasprave o SR Srbiji [Debates on the Socialist Republic of Serbia] , 218 – 19 . Zagreb : Globus .
  • Ramet , Sabrina P. 1991 . ‘Serbia's Slobodan Milosevic: A Profile’ . Orbis , 35 ( 4 ) Winter : 93 – 105 .
  • Lovric , Jelena . 1989 . ‘Partijski rat ili mir’ ['Party War or Peace'] . Danas , 18 July : 13
  • Dacic , Ivica . 1991 . Epoha , 17 Dec. : 8 (Belgrade),
  • Bulic , Vanja . 1991 . ‘Zasto nisam postao jugoslovenski Jeruzelski’ ['Why 1 Did Not Become the Yugoslav Jaruzelski'] . Duga , 23 Nov.‐7 Dec. : 16 (Belgrade),
  • 1989 . ‘Za stabilnu Jugoslaviju i snaznu odbranu’ ['For a Stable Yugoslavia and a Strong Defense'] . Narodna armija , 21 Dec. : 6 (Belgrade),
  • Nikolaj , Bishop . 1989 . ‘Donosimo vam srea puna ljubavi’ ['We Bring You Hearts Full of Love'] . Politika , 28 June : 5
  • Brkovic , Jevrcm . 1989 . Danas , 7 Feb. : 33
  • Micunovic , Vlado . 1988 . ‘Mitinzi solidarnosti u Niksicu i Cetinju, ['Solidarity Meetings in Niksic and Cetinje'] . Intervju , 30 Sept. : 17 (Belgrade),
  • Vojvodic , Milan . 1992 . Vreme , 13 Jan. : 24 (Belgrade),
  • Stojanovic , Tihomir . 1991 . ‘Opasnost cetvrtog rahja’ ['The Danger of A Fourth Reich'] . Narodna armija , 2 Nov. : 27
  • Trivic , Branka . 1992 . ‘Nee da lazem za obadzbinu,’ ['I Will Not Lie for My Homeland'] . Stav , 10 Jan. : 10 (Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia),
  • Ivanisevic , Bogdan . 1991 . ‘Vukovarski sindrom’ ['The Vukovar Syndrome'] . NIN , 13 Dec. : 12 (Belgrade),
  • Gligorijevic , Milo . 1989 . ‘Pokretni kosovski boj’ ['The Mobile Battle of Kosovo'] . NIN , 16 July : 9
  • Culic , Marinko . 1989 . ‘Kokarde opet sjaje’, ['The Chetnik Badges Arc Shining Again'] . Danas , 18 July : 10
  • Milic , Vasilije . 1992 . ‘Kako smo dizali ustanak na Kordunu: Bice ustanka opet!’ ['How We Organized the Revolt in Kordun; There Will Again be an Uprising!'] . Pogledi , 15 May : 33 – 5 . (Kragujevac, Serbia),
  • Caskalovic , Zoran . 1991 . ‘Sto hoce Srbi’ [What Do the Serbs Want?'] . Danas , 20 Aug. : 22 – 4 .
  • 1992 . Kako smo srusili Jugoslaviju [How We Destroyed Yugoslavia] , xiii Zagreb : Globus International .
  • 1991 . ‘Hrvatska nema suvereniteta’ ['Croatia Has No Sovereignty'] . Danas , 26 March : 24
  • Lovric , Jelena and Maloca , Mladen . 1991 . ‘Izdaja je na drugoij strani’ ['It Was the Other Side Who Committed Treason'] . Danas , 31 Dec. : 16
  • Harden , Blaine . 1991 . ‘Bank Scandal Stirs Yugoslav Outcry’ . Washington Post , 11 Jan. : A8
  • Draskovic , Vuk and Batic , Stevo . 1992 . ‘Srbi su fatalisti’, ['The Serbs are Fatalists'] . Srpska rec , 2 March : 24 (Belgrade),
  • Engelberg , Stephen . 1991 . ‘2 Yugoslav Factions Blaming Each Other for Deaths in Clash’ . New York Times , 4 May : 1 5
  • Alempijevic , Dragan . 1991 . ‘Sada verujemo Armiji ['Now We Trust the Army'] . Pogledi , 25 Nov. : 32
  • Kocijan , Veceslav . 1992 . ‘Okus kolektivne krivnje’ ['the Taste of Collective Guile'] . Novi Danas , 31 July : 29 (Zagreb),
  • Bogavac , Zoran . 1991 . ‘Prvi srpski oklopni voz’ ['The First Serbian Armored Train'] . Duga , 23 Nov.‐7 Dec. : 34 – 8 .
  • Maloca , Mladen and Pavicic , Darko . 1991 . Danas , 15 Oct. : 21
  • Federal Executive Council . 1991 . ‘Zbri‐sace nas sa kugle zemaljske’ ['They Will Wipe Us Off the Face of the Earth'] . Vreme , 23 Sept. : 5 – 12 .
  • Vulic , Tonko . 1992 . ‘Italija ce biti do Prevlake!’ ['Italy will extend to Prevlaka!'] . Globus , 6 Nov. : 28 (Zagreb),
  • Kalajic , Dragos . 1991 . ‘Jedan pogled na svet: erne etikete; Ko se boji fasista jos’ ['A Viewpoint on the World: Negative Labels; Who Is Still Afraid of the Fascists?'] . Duga , 23 Dec. : 77 – 8 . ‐6 Jan. 1992,
  • Harden , Blaine . 1991 . ‘Croatia Charges Army Shadows Its Officials’ . Washington Post , 19 Jan. : A11
  • Lovric , Jelena and Maloca , Mladen . 1990 . ‘Za sve jednako’ ['Equally for Everyone'] . Danas , 28 Aug. : 15
  • Barisic , Ante . 1991 . ‘Nemamo snage za rat”, ['We Are Not Strong Enough for War'] . Danas. , 16 July : 18
  • Hedl , Drago . 1993 . ‘Neka nitko, za dragog Boga, ne podejenjuje HV’ ['God Forbid that Anyone Underestimates the Croatian Army!'] . Slobodna Dalmacija , 26 Jan. : 11 (Split, Croatia),
  • Cvijic , Milan . 1993 . ‘Cestitke uz pratnju artilerije’ ['Congratulations Accompanied by Artillery'] . Spona , 15–22 April : 8 (Frankfurt, Germany),
  • Binyon , Michael . 1991 . ‘Yugoslavia Fears Grow As Army Goes on Alert,’ . The Times , 8 May : 1 (London),
  • Pavicic , Darko . 1992 . ‘Krvavo primirje’ ['Bloody Ceasefire'] . Danas , 3 March : 24
  • 1991 . ‘Jansa bi napao,’ ['Jansa Would Attack'] . Danas , 3 Sept. : 36
  • Tus , Anton Gen. 1993 . Novi Vjesnik , 7 Feb. (Zagreb),
  • 1993 . Foreign Broadcast Information Service‐Eastern Europe‐93–038 , 1 March : 68
  • Stojanovic , Dusan . 1992 . ‘Serbian Leader Adopts Tone of Conciliation,’ . Washington Post , 28 Feb. : A26
  • Kocarevic , Slavoljub . 1992 . ‘Srpski parlamentarac u Americi’ ['A Serbian Parliamentarian in America'] . Intervju , 6 March : 6
  • Stanisic , Srdjan . 1992 . ‘Srbija medju rusevinama ‐ drvo za Djilasa’ ['Serbia in Ruins ‐ Building Material for Djilas'] . Pogledi , 27 March : 24
  • Vasilijevic , Vladan . 1992 . ‘Nemocni pridikuju moc‐nima’ ['The Powerless Are Preaching to the Powerful'] . Srpska rec , 11 May : 29
  • Babic , Milan and Stopanovic , Blagica . 1992 . Srpska rec , 16 March : 49
  • B. V. 1992 . ‘The Quiet Military Coup D'Etat of the Yugoslav People's Army,’ . Borba , 26 Aug. (Belgrade),
  • Damjanovic , Dragan . 1992 . ‘Cerska bitka drugi put’ [The Battle of Cerska a Second Time'] . Vecernje novosti , 16 July : 13 (Belgrade),
  • 1992 . Srpska rec , 11 May : 64
  • Ivanisevic , Bogdan . 1991 . ‘Vukovarski sindrom’ ['The Vukovar Syndrome'] . NIN , 13 Dec. : 12
  • Kocarevic , Slavoljub . 1992 . ‘Vreme za promene u vojnom vrhu,’ [Time for Changes in the Top Military Leadership'] . Intervju , 17 April : 50
  • 1993 . Spona , 15–22 April (see note 39).
  • Cobovic , Zlatko . 1992 . ‘Vojni sudovi i neposluzni rezervisti’ ['Military Courts and Recalcitrant Reservists'] . Srpska rec , 2 March : 72
  • Jorgovanovic‐Bulatovic , Ljiljana . 1992 . ‘Ko finansira srpsku opoziciju? Forsiranje clanstva’ ['Who Finances the Serbian Opposition? Pumping Up the Membership'] . Srpska rec , 13 April : 11
  • Brkovic , Jevrem . 1991 . ‘Prvi slovenski politicki azilant’ [The First Slavic Political Refugee'] . Danas , 22 Oct. : 3
  • Bultovic , Tanja . 1992 . ‘Pod‐stanar gospodina Aleksica’ ['Mr Aleksic's Tenant'] . Duga , 1 Feb. : 28 – 9 . 19 Jan.‐
  • Serbia's Vice‐President, M. D. 1991 . ‘Ciji sinovi idu u vojsku?’ ['Whose Sons Go into the Army?'] . Srpska rec , 23 Dec. : 19
  • Djokic , S. 1991 . ‘Stvarnost druge dimenzije’ ['Reality of a Second Dimension'] . Narodna armija , 23 Nov. : 24
  • Stefanovic , Nenad . 1992 . ‘Proces generalu Trifunovicu; Izdajnik ili pokojnik’ ['General Trifunovic's Trial; Traitor or Deceased?'] . Vreme , 13 April : 25
  • Matic , Bransislav . 1992 . ‘Kako su vezana celiena krila nase armije?’ ['How Are Our Army's Steel Wings Tied?'] . Duga , 12–25 April : 39
  • Canak , Nenad . 1991 . ‘Dozivljaji vojnika Canka’ ['The Impressions of Soldier Canak'], Pt 1 . Vreme , 23 Dec. : 23
  • Dozet , Dusan , Ostojic , Nikola Lt. Col. and Damjanov , Pero . 1991 . ‘Ti divni ljudi, mladi ratnici (2)’ ['Those Wonderful People, Young Soldiers'] . Narodna armija , 25 Dec. : 13
  • 1992 . ‘Predata dobijena bitka’ ['Surrendering a Won Battle'] . Sumadija , 20 May : 15 (Kragujevac, Serbia),
  • 1992 . Vreme , 24 Feb. : 13 published a photocopy of part of this report,
  • 1992 . ‘Uspostavlja se moderan sistem komuniciranja armije s javnoscu’ ['A Modern System of Communications between the Army and the Public Is Being Set Up'] . Narodna armija , 12 March : 7
  • Milutinovic , Milovan . 1991 . ‘Opasnost vreba od neodgovornih’ ['The Irresponsible Ones Present a Threat'] . Narodna armija , 30 Dec. : 16
  • Rostov , R. and Boskovic , P. 1992 . ‘Svi zacini valjevske “kase"’ ['All the Seasonings for the Valjevo Porridge'] . Narodna armija , 2 Nov. : 11
  • Cobovic , Zlatko . 1991 . ‘Porucnik na vojnom sudu’ ['The Lieutenant in Military Court'] . Srpska rec , 23 Dec. : 50
  • 1993 . Spona , 15–22 April (see note 39).
  • 1991 . ‘Linija Osijek‐Vinkovci sada drze samo aktivne jedinice’ ['Only Active‐duty Units arc Now Holding the Osijek‐Vinkovci Line'] . Narodna armija , 9 Nov. : 30
  • Djurdjevic , Rajko . 1992 . ‘Mladosrbi i jarci’ ['The Young Serbs and the Old Goats'] . NIN , 22 May : 11
  • Simovic , Tomislav Col. Gen. and Pan‐telic , M. 1991 . ‘Strategija domina’ ['The Domino Strategy'] . Narodna armija , 2 Oct. : 10
  • R.I. 1992 . ‘Gde su Slavko i Radenko’ ['Where are Slavko and Radenko?'] . Intervju , 15 May : 16
  • Posavec , Sankin . 1991 . ‘Izdajice i profiteri’ ['Traitors and Profiteers'] . Danas , 20. Aug. : 17
  • Stojanovic , Ljubodrag . 1991 . ‘Ratnik i njegova parola’ ['A Soldier and His Slogan'] . Narodna armija , 6 Nov. : 9
  • 1991 . ‘Topola se brani u Gospicu’ [Topola Is Defended in Gospic'] . Narodna armija , 16 Nov. : 4
  • Vuckovic , B[ranko] . 1992 . ‘Monarhija; srpski narod nije kriv’ ['The Monarchy: The Serbian People Are Not Guilty'] . Suma‐di ja , 29 April : 10
  • 1993 . ‘Apel gluvom sreu’ ['An Appeal to a Deaf Heart'] . Evropske novosti , 16 Jan. : 6 (Frankfurt, Germany),
  • B.M. 1993 . ‘Puska jaca od privilegija,’ ['The Rifle Is Stronger than Privileges'] . Evropske novosti , 20 Feb. : 13
  • 1991 . Duga , 7 Dec.
  • 1991 . ‘Pogresna upotreba mocne sile’ ['The Misuse of a Powerful Force'] . Narodna armija , 10 July : 19
  • Spanovic , Srdjan . 1991 . Danas , 9 April : 16 – 17 .
  • Marjanovic , M. and Glisic , D. 1991 . ‘Visoka cena slobode’ ['The High Price of Freedom'] . Narodna armija , 21 Sept. : 10
  • Djurdjevic , Rajko . 1992 . ‘Krtiee riju nebo’ ['The Moles are Burrowing in the Sky'] . INI , 22 May : 11
  • Dobson , Douglas . 1992 . ‘An Eyewitness Account of the Fighting in Croatia,’ . State , March : 17 (Washington, DC),
  • Bajic , Ljubomir Maj. Gen. and Nedeljkovic , S. 1992 . ‘Vazduhoplovstvo po men nove drzave’ ['An Air Force Appropriate to the New State'] . Narodna armija , 21 May : 18
  • Malisic , Vesna . 1991–6 . ‘Sa rukavom ili nogavicom vise’ ['With an Extra Sleeve or Pant‐leg'] . Duga. , 23 Dec. : 22 Jan. 1992,
  • 1992 . ‘Ratni dnevnik jednog dobrovoljca’ ['The War Diary of a Volunteer'] . Sumadija , 6 May : 15
  • 1993 . Spona , 15–22 April (see note 39).
  • Basarec , Ivan Maj. Gen. and Kukavica , Vedran . 1992 . ‘Tu se obranila Hrvatska’ ['Croatia Was Defended Successfully Here'] . Hrvatski voj‐nik , 18 Dec. : 15 (Zagreb),
  • Popovic , R. 1991 . ‘Ne moze se grlom u jagode’ ['You Can Lead a Horse to Water But You Cannot Make it Drink'] . Narodna armija , 25 Dec. : 20
  • Pantelic , M. 1991 . ‘Strategija domina’ ['The Domino Strategy'] . Narodna armija , 2 Oct. : 10
  • Buksa , Zeljko . 1992 . ‘Umjesto u Kuvajt, na hrvatska ratista?’ ['Instead of Going to Kuwait, to the Croatian Battlefield?') . Vjesnik , 18 Feb. : 2 (Zagreb),
  • 1992 . ‘Stizu delovi tenka’ ['The Tanks Parts are Coming'] . Narodna armija , 5 March : 15
  • Toth‐Feniks , Zlatko . 1992 . ‘Zrtvovani grad’ ['Sacrificed City'] . Novi Danas , 31 Aug. : 34
  • Marjanovic , Mladen . 1991 . Narodna armija , 2 Nov. : 4
  • Babic , Ranko . 1992 . ‘Neminovni pad morala’ [The Inevitable Fall of Morale'] . Narodna armija , 20 Feb. : 26
  • Sekulic , M. 1991 . ‘Propusti kao opomena’ ['Oversights as a Warning'] . Narodna armija , 2 Oct. : 46
  • 1993 . Spona , 15–22 April (see note 39).
  • Harden , Blaine . 1993 . ‘Serbs Accused of ‘91 Croatia Massacre; US Doctors Believe 200 Wounded Men Were Taken from Hospital and Shot’ . Washington Post , 26 Jan. : A13
  • Pavkovic , Nebojsa Col. 1991 . Narodna armija , 30 Dec. : 19
  • Ostoji , Nikola . 1991 . ‘Vukovar ‐ Slobodan grad’ ['Vukovar ‐ A Free City'] . Narodna armija , 23 Nov. : 15
  • 1991 . ‘Dozivljaji vojnika Canka’ ['The Experiences of Soldier Canak'], Pt.2 . Vreme , 30 Dec. : 28
  • 1992 . ‘Primirje odoleva’ ['The Ceasefire Remains Firm'] . Narodna armija , 16 Jan. : 7
  • Nedeljkovic , Zoran . 1992 . ‘Kolonizacija Baranije; scoba naroda za dzakove dolara’ ['The Colonization of Baranija; The Migration of People for Bagfuls of Dollars'] . Srpska rec , 6 Jan. : 21
  • Gajic‐Glisic , Dobrila . 1992 . NIN , 15 May : 32
  • 1992 . Vreme , 24 Feb. : 13
  • Al‐Husayni , Huda . 1992 . ‘Milosevic qada ala injazat Tito’ ['Milosevic Has Undergone Tito's Achievements'] . Al‐Sharq al‐Awsat , 18 Dec. : 8 (London),
  • Trbovic , Petar Col. and Rostov , Risto . 1991 . ‘Tri brigade pukovnika Trbovica’ ['Colonel Trbovic's Three Brigades'] . Narodna armija , 30 Dec. : 21
  • Vujasinovic , Dada . 1991 . ‘Dje si, srpski Dubrovnice’ ['How Are You Doing, Serbian Dubrovnik'] . Duga , 12–26 Oct. : 19
  • Haluzan , Siniša . 1992 . ‘Kako je branjen Vukovar’ ['How Vukovar Was Defended'] . Hrvat‐ski vojnik , 4 Dec. : 15
  • Jeger , Karlo and Mihovilovic , Maroje . 1992 . ‘Gardista razapetog na vagon gadjali su tenkovskim topom!’ [They Shot with a Tank Gun at a Guard Member Spread‐Eagled on a Wagon'] . Globus , 6 Nov. : 13 – 14 .
  • Serbia's Minister of Defense . 1992 . NIN , 1 May : 52
  • Djurdjevic , B. 1991 . ‘Narod veruje samo vojsci’ ['The People Only Trust the Army'] . Narodna armija , 30 Dec. : 29
  • 1992 . ‘U secesionističkom ratu; na strani Armije 1.279 žrtava’ ['In the War of Secession; 1279 Victims on the Army Side'] . Narodna armija , 12 March : 12
  • Ristic , S. and Brovet , Stane Adm. 1991 . ‘Ratni sistem Hrvatske protiv Armije bez podrske’ ['Croatia's Military System against an Army Lacking Support'] . Narodna armija , 9 Nov. : 10
  • S.C. 1992 . ‘Povratak ratnika’ ['The Soldiers’ Return'] . Narodna armija , 19 March : 19
  • Samardzic , Miloslav . 1991 . ‘Ratni zlocini protiv Srbije: Istina’ ['War Crimes Against Serbia: The Truth'] . Pogledi , 29 Nov. : 15
  • Dubajic , Simo . 1991 . ‘Sudbina JNA u srpskohrvatskom ratu; Partijska paravojna formacija’ ['The Fate of the JNA in the Serbo‐Croatian War; A Party Paramilitary Formation'] . Srpska rec , 23 Dec. : 32
  • Matijasevic , Drago Major . 1992 . ‘Moderna vojska demokratskog drustva’ ['A Modern Army of a Democratic Society'] . Narodna armija , 18 April : 12
  • 1992 . ‘Evakuisana tehnoloska pesnica’ ['The Technological Fist Is Evacuated'] . Narodna armija , 6 Feb. : 22
  • Jeger , Karlo . 1993 . ‘Srpski oklopni bataljuni presli Drinu!’ ['Serbian Armored Battalions Have Crossed the Drina!'] . Globus , 5 Feb. : 5
  • Vego , Milan . 1992 . ‘Break‐Up of the Yugoslav Navy,’ . Navy International , May : 152 – 7 .
  • Man‐ton , Laurie . 1992 . ‘They've Got the UN's Health at Heart’ . Soldier , 5 Oct. : 26 (Aldershot, England),
  • Stevanovic , D. 1992 . Movie: JNA je koriscena za zastitu Srba’ ['Jovic: The JNA Was Used to Defend the Serbs'] . Politika , 4 March : 1
  • 1991 . Narodna armija , 22 Dec. : 6
  • 1992 . Epoha , 28 Jan. : 8

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