Reforming post‐cold war US arms sales policy: The crucial link between exports and the defence industrial base

Notes

• Vartabedian , Ralph and Broder , John M. 1994 . ‘US Weighs New Arms Sales Policy’ . Los Angeles Times, , 15 Nov. : A1
   Google Scholar
• Schmitt , Eric . 1994 . ‘Rulings on Foreign Arms Sales to Consider Economic Benefit’ . New York Times, , 16 Nov. : A11
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘With Arms Transfer Policy Ready to Sign, Advisory Panel Still Unnamed’ . Inside the Pentagon, , 27 Oct. : 7
   Google Scholar
• Opall , Barbara . 1994 . ‘Arms Transfer Proposal to Mimic Reagan, Bush Policy’ . Defense News, , 5–11 Sept. : 30
   Google Scholar
• Moodie , Michael . Sept. 1994 . “ ‘Constraining Conventional Arms Transfers’ ” . In The Annals, ‘The Arms Trade: Problems and Prospects in the Post‐Cold War World’ Edited by: Harkavy , Robert E. and Neuman , Stephanie G. Vol. 535 , Sept. , 139
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘Reject the New Arms Guidelines’ . New York Times, , 26 Nov. : A22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmitt , Eric . 1994 . ‘To Buoy Troops, Pentagon to Trim on Arms’ . New York Times, , 23 Aug. : A8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 1994 . ‘Downdraft: a Survey of Military Aerospace’ . Economist, , 3 Sept. : 3
   Google Scholar
• Pine , Art . 1994 . ‘Pentagon's “Bottom‐Up Review” Appears to Be Down and Out’ . Los Angeles Times, , 23 Aug. : A5
   Google Scholar
• Louscher , David J. and Salmone , Michael D. 1987 . “ ‘Introduction’ ” . In Marketing Security Assistance: New Perspectives on Arms Sales , Edited by: Louscher and Salmone . Lexington : Lexington Books .
   Google Scholar
• Neuman , Stephanie G. 1987 . ‘Arms and Superpower Influence: Lessons from Recent Wars,’ . Orbis , Winter : 711 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Hammond , Paul Y. , Louscher , David J. , Salmone , Michael D. and Graham , Norman A. 1983 . The Reluctant Supplier: US Decision‐making for Arms Sales 5 – 9 . Cambridge, MA : Gunn and Hain, .
   Google Scholar
• Sorley , Lewis . 1983 . Arms Transfer under Nixon 1 – 2 . Lexington, KY : University Press of Kentucky, .
   Google Scholar
• Sorley . Arms Transfers under Nixon 2 – 3 . pinpoints FY 1962 as the crossover point
   Google Scholar
• Hearings . 1968 . ‘The Foreign Military Sales Act’ . House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 90th Congr. 2nd sess. . June 26–27 1968 . pp. 7 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Krause , Keith . 1992 . Arms and the State: Patterns of Military Production and Trade 101 New York : CUP, .
   Google Scholar
• Hammond . The Reluctant Supplier, 61
   Google Scholar
• Sorley . Arms Transfers under Nixon, 3 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Kissinger , Henry A. 1982 . Years of Upheaval 667 – 70 . Boston : Little, Brown, .
   Google Scholar
• Sorley . Arms Transfers under Nixon, 30
   Google Scholar
• Hammond . The Reluctant Supplier 170 – 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Pierre , Andrew J. 1982 . The Global Politics of Arms Sales 52 – 4 . Princeton : Princeton UP, .
   Google Scholar
• ‘Embassy and military representatives abroad were instructed not to engage in any activity that could be construed as promoting the sale of conventional arms. This was intended to stop the “pushing” of arms sales and to provide for an early screening of potential sales requests from purchasers as well as of sales activities by commercial firms.’ . Global Politics of Arms Sales, , 53 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Hammond . The Reluctant Supplier 78 (quoting Undersecretary of State for Security Assistance James L. Buckley)
   Google Scholar
• Labrie , Roger P. , Hutchins , John G. , Peura , Edwin W.A. and Richman , Diana H. 1982 . US Arms Sales Policy: Background and Issues Washington, DC : American Enterprise Institute, .
   Google Scholar
• Hammond . The Reluctant Supplier 13
   Google Scholar
• Bajusz , William D. and Louscher , David J. 1988 . Arms Sales and the US Economy: The Impact of Restricting Military Exports Boulder, CO : Westview, .
   Google Scholar
• Pierre . The Global Politics of Arms Sales, 62 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Krause . Arms and the State, 108 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Neuman , Stephanie G. 1984 . “ ‘The Arms Trade and American National Interests’ ” . In Power and Policy in Transition: Essays Presented on the Tenth Anniversary of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy in Honor of Its Founder, Hans J. Morgenthau Edited by: Mastny , Vojtech . 152 Westport, CT : Greenwood, .
   Google Scholar
• Louscher and Salmone . “ ‘Introduction’ ” . In Marketing Security Assistance, 6 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Krause . Arms and the State, , 136 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , Frederic S. 1985 . ‘Of Leopards and Cheetahs: West Germany's Role as a Mid‐Sized Arms Supplier’ . Orbis, , Sping : 165 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Harkavy , Robert E. 1994 . ‘The Changing International System and the Arms Trade’ . The Annals, , 535 Sept. : 27 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Waltz , Kenneth N. 1979 . Theory of International Politics Reading, MA. : Addison‐Wesley, .
   Google Scholar
• Morgenthau , Hans J. and Thompson , Kenneth W. 1985 . Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace , 6th ed. , New York : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Krause . Arms and the State 2 97 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Krause . Arms and the State, , 15 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Bracken , Paul . 1993 . ‘The Military after Next’ . Washington Quarterly, , 16 ( 4 ) Autumn : 157 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layne , Christopher . 1993 . ‘The Unipolar Illusion: Why New Great Powers Will Rise’ . International Security, , 17 ( 4 ) Spring
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1994 . International Security, , 19 ( 1 ) Summer : 168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken . “ ‘The Military after Next’ ” . 158
   Google Scholar
• Shay , Robert Paul . 1977 . British Rearmament in the Thirties: Politics and Profits 19 Princeton : Princeton UP, .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs , N.H. 1976 . Grand Strategy, Vol.I: Rearmament Policy 6 79 – 80 . 317 London : Her Majesty's Stationery Office, .
   Google Scholar
• Earle , Edward Mead . 1986 . “ ‘Adam Smith, Alexander Hamilton and Friedrich List: the Economic Foundation of Military Power’ ” . In Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age Edited by: Paret , Peter . 217 Princeton : Princeton UP, .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , Paul . 1987 . The Rise and Fall of Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 New York : Random House, .
   Google Scholar
• Gilpin . 1981 . War and Change in World Politics New York : CUP, .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , David R. 1993 . “ ‘Hedging against Future Threats: Planning for a Need to Reconstitute Larger Forces’ ” . In The American Military in the Twenty‐First Century Edited by: Blechman , Barry M. 343 New York : St. Martin's, .
   Google Scholar
• Domke , William K. 1991 . “ ‘Fiscal Constraints and Defense Planning in Advanced Industrial Democracies’ ” . In The Political Economy of Defense: Issues and Perspectives Edited by: Ross , Andrew L. 23 New York : Greenwood, .
   Google Scholar
• Blackwell , James A. 1992 . ‘The Defense Industrial Base’ . Washington Quarterly, , 15 ( 4 ) Autumn : 193
   Google Scholar
• Utgoff . “ ‘Military Technology: Options for the Future’ ” . In The American Military Edited by: Blechman . 146 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Gregory . 1993 . The Price of Peace: the Future of Defense Industry and High Technology in a Post‐Cold War World 34 New Yrok : Lexington, .
   Google Scholar
• Hearings . ‘Defence Industrial Base’ . Structure of the Defence Industrial Base Panel, House Armed Services Committee, 102nd Congr. . July 12 , 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Libicki , Martin C. 1988 . Industrial Strength Defense: a Disquisition on Manufacturing, Surge, and War Washington, DC : Mobilization Concepts Development Center, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, .
   Google Scholar
• Costello , Robert . 1988 . Bolstering Defense Industrial Competitiveness: Preserving Our Heritage, the Industrial Base, Securing Our Future iii Washington, DC : GPO, .
   Google Scholar
• ‘Military Aerospace’ . Economist, , 14
   Google Scholar
• Graham . “ ‘Hedging’ ” . 353
   Google Scholar
• Hearings . 1991 . ‘Defence Industrial Base’ . Structure of the Defence Industrial Base Panel, House Armed Services Committee, 102nd Cong. . July 12 1991 . 1 Nov. 1991; 23 Jan. 1992; 5 and 19 Feb. 1992;6, 10, 18 March 1992, p.145
   Google Scholar
• Gregory . The Price of Peace, , 33
   Google Scholar
• Graham . “ ‘Hedging’ ” . 358 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Gansler , Jacques . 1988 . Affording Defense 124 Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, .
   Google Scholar
• Ellison , John N. , Frumkin , Jeffrey W. and Stanley , Timothy W. 1988 . Mobilizing US Industry: a Vanishing Option for National Security 69 – 70 . Boulder, CO : West‐view, .
   Google Scholar
• Krause . Arms and the State, , 106 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Snider , Lewis W. , Louscher and Salmone . “ ‘Do Arms Exports Contribute to Savings in Defense Spending? A Cross‐Sectional Pooled Time Series Analysis’ ” . In Marketing ecurity Assistance, 58
   Google Scholar
• Opall , Barbara . 1994 . ‘US Tightens Grip on Third World Arms Market’ . Defense News, , 9 ( 31 ) 8 Aug. : 3
   Google Scholar
• Brzoska , Michael and Pearson , Frederic S. 1994 . ‘Developments in the Global Supply of Arms: Opportunity and Motivation’ . The Annals, , 535 Sept. : 72
   Google Scholar
• Bitzinger , Richard A. 1994 . ‘The Globalization of the Arms Industry: the Next Proliferation Challenge’ . International Security, , 19 ( 2 ) Fall : 183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapstein , Ethan B. 1994 . ‘America's Arms Trade Monopoly’ . Foreign Affairs, , 72 ( 3 ) May/June : 13 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman , Stephanie G. 1993 . ‘Controlling the Arms Trade: Idealistic Dream or Realpolitik?’ . Washington Quarterly, , 16 ( 3 ) Summer : 53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , Peter . 1994 . ‘Russian Arms Exports: Back to Business’ . Defense News, , 3 Oct. : 14 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• ‘Military Aerospace’ . Economist, , 15
   Google Scholar
• Khripunov , Igor . 1994 . ‘Russia's Arms Trade in the Post‐Cold War Period . Washington Quarterly, , 17 ( 4 ) Autumn : 83
   Google Scholar
• Kolodziej , Edward A. 1987 . Making and Marketing Arms: the French Experience and Its Implications for the International System 55 Princeton : Princeton UP, .
   Google Scholar
• Ellison . Mobilizing US Industry 70
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . Report to Congress on the Defense Industrial Base: Critical Industries Planning Washington, DC : Department of Defense, Office of Industrial Bases Assessment, .
   Google Scholar
• Office of Technology Assessment (US Congress) . 1989 . Holding the Edge: Maintaining the Defense Technology Base Washington, DC : US GPO, .
   Google Scholar
• Defense Science Board . 1988 . The Industrial and Technology Base: Final Report of the 1988 Summer Study, , Vol.II , Washington, DC : Department of Defense, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition .
   Google Scholar
• Volmer , C.D. 1990 . ‘The Future Defense Industrial Environment’ . Washington Quarterly, , 13 ( 2 ) Spring : 99
   Google Scholar
• Moran , Theodore H. 1990 . ‘The Globalization of America's Defense Industries: Managing the Threat of Foreign Dependence’ . International Security, , 15 ( 1 ) Summer : 57 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farley , Philip J. , Kaplan , Stephen S. and Lewis , William H. 1978 . Arms Across the Sea Washington, DC : the Brookings Institution, .
   Google Scholar
• Labrie . US Arms Sales Policy, , 33
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . The Management of Security Assistance 7 – 27 . Wright‐Patterson AFB : Defense Institute of Security Management, .
   Google Scholar
• Holmes , H. Allen and Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs . 1992 . Hearings on ‘Report by the GAO on Arms Export Licensing at the Department of State’, 100th Congr. 1st Sess. . Sept. 11 1992 . pp. 21
   Google Scholar
• Sub‐commitee on Technology and National Security of the Joint Economic Committee . 1990 . Hearings on ‘Arms Trade and Non‐proliferation’, 101 Congr. 2nd. Sess. . Sept. 21 1990 .
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . Aviation Week and Space Technology , 7 Feb.
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . Inside the Pentagon , 26 May : 11
   Google Scholar
• Neuman , Stephanie G. 1985 . ‘Coproduction, Barter, and Countertrade: Offsets in the International Arms Market’ . Orbis , Spring : 187
   Google Scholar
• Johnson . The Annals, , 115
   Google Scholar
• 1991 . ‘The Entirely Avoidable Crisis in the West's Defence Industry’ . Defense & Foreign Affairs’ Strategic Policy , 15 Oct.
   Google Scholar
• Copley , Gregory . 1989 . ‘A Global Gale of Change’ . Defense & Foreign Affairs , July
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘DoD Sweetens AMRAAM Offer to Swedes by Removing R&D Surcharge’ . Inside the Pentagon, , 10 ( 25 ) 23 June : 1
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘Industry Concerned DoD May Decide to Reinstate Recoupment Fees’ . Federal Contracts Reporter, , 62 25 July : 97
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘Pentagon Seeks to Jettison R&D Surcharge Law’ . Defence News, , 9 ( 22 ) 6 June : 1
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari . US Arms Exports , 19
   Google Scholar
• Fink , Donald E. 1986 . ‘FMS Debate’ . Aviation Week and Space Technology, , 12 Jan. : 9
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , James K. 1986 . ‘US Industry Officials Decry Foreign Military Sales Guidelines’ . Aviation Week and Space Technology, , 6 Jan. : 69
   Google Scholar
• Opall , Barbara . 1994 . ‘Pentagon Uses Loophole to Gain Edge in Foreign Sales’ . Defense News, , 9 ( 34 ) 29 Aug : 22
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘Efforts by Retired Congressman May Undercut Overseas AMRAAM Sales’ . Inside the Pentagon, , 10 ( 38 ) 22 Sept. : 1
   Google Scholar
• Briganti , Giovanni de . 1994 . ‘Swedish Weapon Decisions Irk French’ . Defense News, , 9 ( 26 ) 12 Sept. : 4
   Google Scholar
• Briganti , Giovanni de . 1994 . ‘French Again Knock US Trading Practices’ . Defense News, , 9 ( 36 ) 12 Sept. : 6
   Google Scholar
• 1988 . ‘Congress and Arms Sales : Tapping the Potential of the Fast‐Track Guarantee Procedure’ . Yale Law Journal, , 97 : 1439
   Google Scholar
• Smaldone , Joseph P. , Louscher and Salomone . ‘US Commercial Arms Exports: Policy, Process, and Patterns’ . Marketing Security Assistance, , 202
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘Conventional Arms Transfer Policy Delayed until at Least September’ . Inside the Pentagon, , 10 ( 29 ) July : 5
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . ‘Administration May Classify Conventional Arms Transfer Policy’ . Inside the Pentagon, , 10 ( 33 ) 18 Aug. : 1
   Google Scholar
• Silverberg , David . 1993 . ‘Clinton Defies Wisdom, Backs Defense Sales; Christopher Cable Underscores Aggressive New Stance on Exporters’ . Defense News, , 17 May : 3
   Google Scholar